ML20033F424
| ML20033F424 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | 07105939 |
| Issue date: | 09/29/1989 |
| From: | Chin A STERIGENICS INTERNATIONAL (FORMERLY RADIATION STERILI |
| To: | Bernero R NRC OFFICE OF NUCLEAR MATERIAL SAFETY & SAFEGUARDS (NMSS) |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20033D963 | List:
|
| References | |
| FOIA-90-29 NUDOCS 9003200404 | |
| Download: ML20033F424 (18) | |
Text
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Mr. Robert M. Barnero, Director Office of Nuclear Material Safety L
-and Safeguards 2
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission cd One White Flint North 11555 Rockville Pike NMSS-6A4 1
Rockville, MD 20852 u
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Reference:
Model 1500 Cask ji Certification of Compliance No. 5939
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Subject:
Report'per requirements of O
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Presence of water in cask cavity.
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j Introduction
-t The Model 1500 cask-was designed by General Electric j
Company in the 1960's.
GE constructed a number of such t
units for use as general purpose packages for the shipment
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of byproduct material and special nuclear material.
Over the intervening years the cask-Certificate-of Compliance 4
J has been amended numerous times.
The current certificate 4
restricts the contents to:
special form, solid metal, or i
encapsulated radioactive materials.
This restriction discounts the ability of the lid seal to provide complete a
q containment under regulatory accident conditions; rather, J:
the source encapsulation provides the primary containment.
l The lid and1 closure system are fully capable of
-l structurally retaining the contents within the shielding a
under accident conditions.
In 1985, Radiation. Sterilizers, Inc. (RSI) of Fremont, CA (j.
constructed nine Model 1500 casks to enable it to ship 3
cobalt-60 and cesium-137 sealed sources to, from, and between its five medical product sterilization facilities
't in the United States.
In addition to other applications, these casks were used to move the doubly contained Ja(
cesium-137 WESF capsules from Richland, WA to RSI's facilities in Decatur, GA and Westerville, OH.. Scores of i} -
incident-free shipments have been made using these nine casks.
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s OILDERT90-29 Radiation Sterilizers, Inc., 4020 Clipper Court, Fremont. CA 94538 (415) 770 9000
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September 29, 1989 5
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L a-1 Following the cesium-137 capsule leakage incident at the i
Decatur facility in the summer of 1988, the 1500's were L
leased by Westinghouse Hanford Company to return qualified h
capsules to the WESF in Richland, WA.and to move a limited j
number of capsules to Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
It Ji was-during these return shipments that the presence of 3].
water was noted in some of the cask cavities upon their fj receipt at federal facilities.
Since the operating 2
procedures called for the preshipment draining of the 1
cavities, the presence of water represented an anomaly 4
that required further investigation.
This report y
addresses the 1500's owned by RSI.
The casks owned by GE j
are not included in this report.
o Investication 1)
The Model 1500 casks are loaded or unloaded underwater at q-the RSI facilities.
The loading or unloading at the federal facilities is performed in a dry environment.
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Following the unloading and subsequent. decontamination of "d-cask #4 at ORNL, the unexpected presence of a small amount d[
of water was discovered in.the cask cavity bottom.
This water was thought to be coming from the small gap between
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the outside of the inner shall and the surrounding lead.
]i It was hypothesized that water entered this space through a defective weld connecting the cavity bottom to the drain
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line.
A magnified view of the drain line weld seemed to J; '
indicate such a defect although its extent could not be f(
confirmed.
A vacuum test on the drain line apparently
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produced water even following a thorough drying of the
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cavity.
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A similar occurrence on cask #5 was observed at the 4
Richland facility.
However, the. volume of water in this cask was substantially greater than that observed in #4.
It was noted that several of the casks were received " wet" 0
when returned empty, however, residual moisture and condensate could explain these trace amounts; the i
operating procedures only require cask draining.
The
-f indications of unexplained excessive water in casks #4 and g
- 5 were such that a testing program was devised and
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Mr. Robert M. Bernero U.
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with RSI permission.-executed by Westinghouse Hanford Company, the cask us
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j cask #5.
RSI witnessed the initial testing of g.-
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three sequential steps:The testing program was proposed by WHC whic 5
indication.
vacuum, pressure, and water As Vacuum Test lid on the cask to permit viewing the cavity bottom.This test was d
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the lower drain line sealed at the outside end, a smallWith amount of water was placed in the cavity bottom.
was installed and sealed, The lid the cavity through the lid.and a vacuum pump connected to a
bottom-to-drain line weld were observed for signs g
bubbles,. indicating a potential leak path.
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Pressure Test:
For this test, the cavity was filled with 9
water to a specific depth.
The cavity was sealed and A
pressurized for a prescribed period; this was to simulate
{i residence on the bottom of the RSI pool (20 feet deep).
J.
Following the test period, 5
M the water level checked..
the cask was depressurized and suggest a leak.into one of the interface gaps or voids.A decrease in wat 3
i Each cask was tested twice.
hour test, when casks passed this test a 15 psig,The first was a 10 psig, 1
R
. test was implemented.
6 hour6.944444e-5 days <br />0.00167 hours <br />9.920635e-6 weeks <br />2.283e-6 months <br /> The 10 psig 1 hour1.157407e-5 days <br />2.777778e-4 hours <br />1.653439e-6 weeks <br />3.805e-7 months <br /> test was 4
. representative of normal filling op,eration.
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Water Indication:
Following the 10 psig,
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cavity and the drain line were thoroughly dried and a1 hour test, the p}
" blue chalk" applied to the cavity bottom.
commonly used as a marker in the construction trades.This chalk is 8
is normally light blue but turns dark blue when wet.
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After the chalk application, the cavity was sealed with M
the Plexiglas lid and a vacuum applied.
Jj would show as dark blue on the chalk.on the backside of a defectiv j~
chalk test.
6 hour6.944444e-5 days <br />0.00167 hours <br />9.920635e-6 weeks <br />2.283e-6 months <br /> pressure test were also given theAny casks failing the 15 psig, that the pressure test was inaccurate.If the chalk test was passed, it was as Qu g
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4' The testing criteria were as follows:
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Vacuum Test:
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failing the test.The presence of bubbles was regarded as It was acknowledged that there were k
defective weld (e.g., air trapped in drain'line.several potential sou 4
bubbling rate and period of bubble observation w)ereFurther (I.
1 somewhat subjective.
bubble source was often difficult to pinpoint. Additionally, the location of the 3
permit the passage of air but'too small to pass water init 1
- Finally,
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4 the opposite direction.
4y-Pressure Test:
the pressurization period was regardea af f iling-the.The dropping of
,t b-test.
The test was thought to be reasonable for the 7p detection of'large leaks but inconclusive for very small 4
leaks..A termperature drop of the-water-over the test E
period could result in a small volume decrease.thus producing a false-positive for leakage.
p' Further there is post-test water level.an accuracy issue on the measurement of the pre,and i
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. Water Indication:
.4 was regarded as failing the test.The presence of dark blue indications The chalk test is water.since very small amounts will show dark against thep 4
light blue background.
to thoroughly dry the cavity prior to the calk test wouldIt was recognized
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produce a false-positive for leakage.
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Mr. Robert M. Bernero 3
September 29, 1989 1{
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The test results on the nine RSI Model 1500 casks are as 3
follows:
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Table 1 Table Results 3J6 d
Pressure Vacuum Test A
Water Ind.
Cask No.
Test lat 2nd Y.
i Test i
A k'
1 Passed Passed Passed Passed 2
Failed Passed Passed Passed N-3 Passed Passed Passed Passed 4
b Failed Failed N/A Failed 5.
Failed Failed N/A Failed 1-6 Failed Passed Passed fl 7
Failed Passed Failed
- Passed Passed g
8 Failed Passed Passed Passed g-9 Failed Passed Passed Passed 1
- Passed first chalk test, second chalk test pending.
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3 Analysis W
.g The Introduction, above, 1500 cask provides impact protection, shielding, anddiscussed the fact 5il d-physical 1 retention of contents under regulatory conditions.
Containment of radioactive materials is j
provided-by the the form of the contents (e.g., special h
form).
This suggests,.therefore, that water entra g.
rather than cavity integrity is the real concern. pment b
' tests designed to detect w t Those a er leakage past the cavity ji-examine absoluto integrity. boundary are given greater importance th 3
Two of-the tree N
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aforementioned tests. fall-into the former category, the pressure test and the water indication test.
j initially agreed with WHC that the concern was with the s
It was also
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Small amounts resulting from entrapped moisture were notpas 3
h-of original concern.
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I Mr. Robert M. Bernero September 29, 1989
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Page 6 i
5' It can be seen in Table 1, above Model 1500 casks passed the press,ure and water indicationthat six of the
(" chalk") tests (two passed all three tests); cask #7
]J-failed the 6 hour6.944444e-5 days <br />0.00167 hours <br />9.920635e-6 weeks <br />2.283e-6 months <br /> pressure test however the second chalk test has not yet been conducted; and casks #4 and #5 l
failed all three tests.
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tests that for the six casks that passed, significantIt can be concluded fr
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water intrusion past the cavity boundary has not occurred.
f The presence of bubbles in the vacuum test is either a
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' false positive, a test anomaly, or a weld or material condition that will pass air but not water.
(t water is excluded from the cavity-lead interface or other As long as cask void area, the gas integrity of the cavity boundary is unimportant.
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outside of the cavity boundary is not believed toParenthetic represent a significant safety issue.
i these areas under fire accident conditions will vent intPressure buildup in the cavity.
The cavity seal is given no containment o
credit under fire conditions due to the likelihood of thermal degradation,.thus significant pressure
. accumulation cannot occur within the cask.
j be effective in removing even slight traces of watervacuum Preshipment y
Action Plan 4
j Since cask number 1,2,3,6,8, pressure test and the water indication teut,and 9 have passed both the
.c proposed that these six units be used as-is.
it is
'i been out of service for longer than a quarter, the 15 quarte On a i
j.
psig, 6 hour6.944444e-5 days <br />0.00167 hours <br />9.920635e-6 weeks <br />2.283e-6 months <br /> pressure test and the chalk test will be s'
conducted.
Acceptance criteria will be as stated above, p
Vacuum drying of these casks prior to each loaded shipment j
will be incorporated into the operating procedure, ri cask #7 will be chalk tested and if it passes, will join f
the other six.
If it~ fails the chalk test it will undergo remedial actiThis cask w 3
similar to numbers 4 and 5.
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September 29, 1989 7
Page 7 4
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casks 4 and 5 will be returned to RSI for retesting and i
remedial action.
Following the necessary repairs, the two
'3 will be vacuum, pressure, and water indication tested
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before being returned to service.
Quarterly ratesting of
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these units, and #7 if repair is required, will not be j
performed.
Summary and conclusions q
.) -
The Model 1500 cask relies on the containment properties i
of the contents for the retention of radioactive material.
The package provides shielding, impact / fire protection, and physical restraint of the contents.
a i
The unexpected presence of water in select casks prompted Q
an investigation, including the testing of all nine f
RSI-owned units.
The investigation has discovered two j
casks,' numbers 4 and 5 that require remedial action to
),
restore them to service.
Two of the casks, numbers 1 and 1
3, have passed all tests.
Four of the remaining five j)'
casks, although. showing indications of minute gas-leakage, have passed the two tests designed to detect water leakage
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past the cavity boundary.
The last cask, number 7, is 9
awaiting a chalk test.
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The presence of trace amounts of water are not thought to g
represent a significant safety condition.
cavity ci -
depressurization will occur under accident conditions, f;
Further, the preshipment vacuum drying of the six (or j-seven) casks that have passed the appropriate tests should J
provide ~added assurance that pressure buildup under j
accident conditions is not a safety issue.
The DOE /MMES site manager has stated that he 1:s confidant that the
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inclusion of a vacuum drying cycle will guarantee dry a
shipments.
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Mr. Robert M. Bernero 5
September 29, 1989
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The action plan outlined above, which includes periodic
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testing and remedial repair, will adequately assure the safe transport of encapsulated cesium-137 sources in the j
RSI-owned Model 1500 casks.
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j Respectfully-submitted, 4
b L., /
1 Allan Chin i.
Vice Chairman
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)Q cc C.E. Mac Donald, Chief Transportation certification Branch d_
NMSS 4E4-4' U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission i
Washington, DC 20555
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