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4 I7 M ATTACICIENT 3
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4t4r R. S. Soyd, Assistant Director for BWRs, DEL AI.'SOME. PARTICULATE ACTIVITY FRCH MIT.LST0!!E. OPERATIC:1 Enclosed is cur prelicinary evaluntion of availabie information.
ccncerning the off=4ta-c=,contraticas of airoorna parciculate activity associa ad uitb recent Millstene Unit 1 oceration.
The reported.parciculata level of 1:10-/ uc/cc at G!oten en August 9,1971 is considy,-ably irr crects of the talue )f 4xlO-9 uc/cc ::hich we would expect et th..Nintn mfor the 4:-dicated ce:d: relcare rate and metecr:10.f. cal.c:nditiens. This c;:inica is shared by our r:etaorciegical consultint, Dr.. Van dar lioven.c. Althoupa the eingle censure:ent shculd not bas disragerFad,.' tar.censider it unliialy the.t continuous ccaracica with unf:br:a1e feal: r.orformnca (i.c. 100.000. uc/ scc) wculd resi:1t in-
,t annualerap par,.icuinte.concentraciens. anywhere. offsito in exce::5. cF ab o ct.9.3.. '..uc[cc....... :<-.- m.. :..r.;:.... -....,.,. :. :.,.,.
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descriping.the anc:::aicuc-stack:.nlease ratea. dering.tho. :tartuh the. ?:
.:j,... metacmlagical'ccaditienh.cnd profacted offsi ceccacantraticns.
Also,-'.
,.,S. tha li.ce:::Mahould.'oe-: req :estad to sarolcifor short lived particuistar-
.Q4,W ncti'titMilam.the:yinrr. a:&f. under varjind r.-2teorological cenditionse c.
$rM;, such ransura=2ntsW.incTudintr coolant activiti and short-terr.stech:
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d?M'iij.E monitoringi.uccid.he es^.acially' appr:priate during the ne::t startua.....
l$Neg 'in present"calculaticnakrathods and.assumptiens:were.uarranta y
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of stachtclanses andternirenrentaif levels.xIn:tthe catr:ahile, we have.
?.R. ~ askad'GE.tyravien the earciculata =ndel.assuntions described in.
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e PRELU!INARY EVALUATION OF REPORT OF HICH ACTIVITY NEAR THE MILLSTONE FOINT SITE by THE RADIOLOGICAL SAFETY DR.COH DIVISION OF REACIOR LICENSING The follouing analysis of releases and meccorological conditions at the Millstona sito is provided for use in evaluatins the reported high activit/ concentrations at the Electric Boat-Cc=pany facility, Groton, Connecticut, on August 9,1971.
" A.' Metcofolocv-Tha ac'tual matcorolo3y during the period 'in question uns obt ine througn I. Van der Hoven of NOAA on August 10, 19 71 at..'
is indicated below for Groton.
Soce'db& toe Direction (From)
- Timr,
,120C 220*
8 1300 220*
10 1400 230' 10 1500 240' 12 k
Condicions vero reported as no clouds but ha:y.
Van der Hovon estimated Pasquill type B or C, un3 table conditions with a X/Q at 5 miles of about 2 x 10-7 sec/m.
Data obtained frca No:
Haven was si=ilar, being character 1:ad by winds from 240' at about.12 knots.
It thus seems un11 haly that an inversien uns experienced at the site.
It should be noted that the direction to the Millstone site is about.230* from the Electric Eoat Company facility.
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We hav,e estimated the downwind X/Q for these meccorological conditions as a function of distance using Pasquill C con-ditions (Figure 1).
Frs= this, the X/Q at Groton (2.2 x 10-7 sec/n3) can be directly read by assu=ing that (1) the plume cenherline passed directly over the Groton Facility, and (2) a ground level sa=pling point was used.
The peak value of X/Q (2.S x 10-6 3
sec/m ) occurs at 1200 ceters-as indicated on Figure 1.
A comparison of the expected vorst short ter= toteorol=gy and the annual average meteorology. uith the matcorology esti=ated for August 9,.1971, is given below in the ter=s of X/Q (sec/m )
3 Maximus offsite 5 Mi:-
's Worst hour 6.2x10-5 (site Boundary) 5.5 x Worst day
.'.'1.5x10-5 (Site Boundary) 1.9 n.
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Annual average 5x10-8
- 1.4 x Early afternoon, Aug.9, 1971 (assuming constant vind 2.Sx10-6 (1200 meters) 2 x lt direction) 1 Particulates Particu' ate,k are anticipated to build up in the plu=e as the nel l
gases decay; and yield daughter products.
The particulate. curie content of :the plu=e reaches a =animum value between 0.25 and 1 f
hour af ter ehe release. (Figure 3).
At 0.5 hours5.787037e-5 days <br />0.00139 hours <br />8.267196e-6 weeks <br />1.9025e-6 months <br /> aftar release the particulates co= prise about 15% of the curic contenc. of the
, plume.
(Figure 2).
The primary particulates are formed as follows:
i Xe - 138 (17, min) cs - 138 (32 min)
Kr - 88 (2.77 hr)
>-- Rb - 83 (17.8 cin)'
If the plant off-gas filter (assumed to be 99.9%, efficient) vere absent, the concentratien of particulates (at one-half hour af ter release) would increase by only a factor of about three since most of the' particulate activity is generated af ter the plume leaves the stack.
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M7asuets nta at Gro. con On the basis of conversations with CO headquarters, and Region 1, we understand that high particulate activity was detected at the Electric Boat Company in Groton about 1:30 p= and that a gross beta count after a.high volg=e air sample at 1:40 pa gava a calculat,ed concentration of 10-' ue/cc.
Also, a multichannel (gamma) analysis after a high vole =e air sa=ple indicated a calculated activity of 7 x 10-8 uc/cc.
It has been assu=ed that this consisted of particulate activity only, since tha count v:ul.
be made on the basis of =aterial collected on a' filter paper.
Since particulates nor= ally uculd make up about 20% of the total curie content of a olu=e from a EUR reactor at 1/2 hour after release, this implies that about 4 x 10-7 uc/cc of nobic ges activity was present.
This is 4 ti=es MPC for the nobic gases
.and 3.3 ti=es MPC for the particulates.
(The stack release ratag are set on an annual avarage concentration and ceasured conce:-
trations may vary videly fro: day to day but this is a greater variation than would be expected at a distance of 5 =iles.)
D._ Dose Calculation?
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.The table belou indicates tha concentrations (in MPC's) which can be expected at Groton for various meteorological conditiens for particulates only for a stack relet se rate of 125,000 ue/sec.
1 J.
5 Miles
[
MPC's (Decay ti=a's
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Worst Hour #
4.1
-(1,25 hr) 1 Worst Day J 1.5 (0.75 hr)
'O.01 (0.5 hr)
Annual Average Early Af ternoon, Aug. 9,1971 i
(assuming constant wind direction) 0.14 1I (0.5 hr)
--1/
This is'our calculated expected value.
The reported censurc=eng was 3.3 MPC; 24 times higher than the calculated value.
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The approximate corresponding hourly dose rate can be cal-culated by notin;; that the per=issible annual average offsite concentrations of 3 x 10-D uc/cc is assumed to correspond to 500 mr per year or 0.056 =r/hr aid that the dose at other
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points is proportional to the concentration.
A correction must be made to account for the f act that the actual MFC for nobic gases is 10-7 uc/c1 and only the particulate MTC is 3 x 10-8 uc/cc (the 3 n 10-8 ue/cc figure is used in calculating' a tech. spec. release limit to avoid deter =ining the particuis:n-fraction).
The appronimate' dose rates are lis:cd below for a stack a=issicn rate of 125,000 ue/sec. 1/
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Maximum Offsite hr 5 "ilez a.:
Worst Hour 4.6 (site boundary) 0.42 Worst Ddy 1.1 (site boundar'/)
0.16 Annual bierage 0.0037 O.0312 Early afternoon, Aug 9, 1971 (assuming constant uind direction) 0,2 (1200 meters) 0.017 t
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i the tech. caec.
a- e' Dose rat;as for the case of release atcc/see uould be 6.4 time averageslimit of 800,000 i
. The 0.017 mr/hr at 5 "O es given 'in the table above is our esi:a expected dose rate.
The dose inf erred from the Groton particul:
measurement (assuming our calculation of the particulate fr c:i:
is correct) uould be 0.41 =r/hr; 24 ti=es our calculated dose rs and 0.98 times the worst ue would ever expect at Groton for a pd of 1 hour1.157407e-5 days <br />2.777778e-4 hours <br />1.653439e-6 weeks <br />3.805e-7 months <br />.
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Interpretation t
There are several possible causes for the apparent high readin) at Groton, none of which have enough supporting infor=ation to draw any preliminary conclusions of cause.
The possibic cause can be characteriacd as (1) plant analysis (2) errors in the Groton measurc=ent and (3) errors in our assu=ptions on noble gas isotdpe ratios (leading to the for=ation of higher partice levels) or in our matcorological models.
1.
Plant-Related Anomalies High releases would have to result from unmohitored or bad monitored plant effluent releases.
Possible sources of error include stach conitor calibration and bypass of cha monitor and/or filtars.
Failure to run stack dilutien faz or release from the turbine uould be possible bu: unlihaly sources in view of the presently hncun plant operating sequence on August 9, 1971.
The causes of a high activit palcase are another problem but could be related to a bui of,long-lived gases during shutdown in the ecolant or stem systes.
(Release of. fuel particles to the coolan: during shutdoun is another area which. could be investisated).
As noted previously, if our assumptions on the noble gas mixture are correct, then the particulate activity cculd not increase by more than a factor of about 3 (at 1/2 hcus decay) as a res it of complete bypass of the filters.
2.
Groton Measurecept Uncertainties A.sou2j:eofa.ctivity othe.r than the reactor is a possibil
- but ecpid be eli inated if the cultichannel analysis a
- Groton was found to' correlate with the Millstone scach a:
a za:..
Ah error in instrument calibration or calculation of pcrt activity is possible but less likely at this point since measure =ent procedures have presumably been checked by Gr s
personnel.
A misunderstanding of the significance of the measurecent is possible in that they cight kncu enough to l
back-calculated a total cloud dose fres knowledge of the particulate concentration (unlikely).
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As%sumotion and Model Uncertainties Inadequate infor=ation on the actual meteorological conditic is a core likelf source of error than those noted above.
m have measurements fro: Alleghany Airlines at Groton airport and some corroborating data-fro = the Ucather Bureau at New Haven.
Our consultant, Dr. I. Van der Haven is doubtful th:
the weather conditions were unfavorable.
A Pasquill type D is the worst he uould' postulate which uould lead.co deses a factor of about 4 higher than calculated but leaves a facts:
of 8 unaccounted for.
If inadequate knculedge of =eteorole:
is the cause of tha discrep:ncy it rnises the questic= ef o-ability to predict offsite concentrations.
(Van der Hove:
=aintains we should be able to predict concentrations at th:
distance within a factor of 2 given the general =a:eorologi parameters).
It should be pointed out that the "uors off.
measure =ent could not simultaneously increase by the ca=e f:
as any discrepancy in the dose at 5 miles, since to c:gerie:
high concentrations close-in uould require good =i::ing of ti elevated release which would lead to louer concentrations a 5 miles.
W expect that the "uorst offsite" conditions usu.
ned; change subst r.tially even if poor =cteorology were the cause of the apparent. \\ gh concentration at Groton.
(A cha:
i in the =an-rem calculation:1 techniques could be the result of such a finding, however).
Anothed poss'ible assunpt' ion error is in the =b: of noble gn.
assumed to generate the particulate activity.
Tnis could not result in more than a factor of about 5 increase in partipulate activitf acd is easily dis =issed 11 exa=ination of pline records confir=s a nor=al operating ab::ure.
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s S.A.}TLE CALCULATION OF COSZ RATE t
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(Release rate)
(farticulate ebneribution) \\ 0 / (Cese rate oer m Particulate MFC E [ 056 ::r/h:
Nr
_7 O.17 ci nartic.
T /2 :c 10 (125,000 uc/sec) 1ciinitialreleaseik s'! k').
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3 ue/ec 106 k 12C
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x 10-8 cc IRC E
X }
(Dese rate eer IOC'1 b.
(Release Rate (l'oble Gas Centribution)
Q/
Moble Gas 12C (125,000)
(0.67)
(2 x 10-7)
(0.056)
(10 *i.(100)
" 0.0094 c;
Total = Partic. + Nobles = 0.00/7 + 0.0094 = 0.017 cr/hr
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