ML20150E873
| ML20150E873 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Diablo Canyon  |
| Issue date: | 09/30/1966 |
| From: | PACIFIC GAS & ELECTRIC CO. |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20150E784 | List:
|
| References | |
| FOIA-88-187 NUDOCS 8807180024 | |
| Download: ML20150E873 (27) | |
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R EG* '_ATORY 2,RELIMINARY-SITE REPORP00XE" ~
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I INM ODUCTION 1
l II SITE AND ENVIRONS 2
III METE (ROLOGY 6
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IV GEOLOGY 10 i
V SEISMOIDGY 13 I
VI HYIROLOGY 15 VII CONCLUSIONS 17 t
I l
APPENDIX 1 USGS MAP "SAN LUIS OBISP0" (I'.
APPENDIX 2 PACIFIC GAS AND ELECTRIC CCHPANY
's METEm0 LOGY OFFICE REPET ON DIAPLO CANYON SITE APPENDIX 3 PACIFIC GAS AND ELECRIC COMPANY DEPARIMENI 0F ENGINEERING RESEARCH REPORT NO. 5326 65:
DIABID CANYON NUCLEAR PIANT STIE, PRELIMINARY GEOLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS APPENDIX 4 REPORTS OF DR. R. H. JAHNS, l
CONSULTING GEOLOGIST l
APPENDIX 5 GEOLOGIC MAP OF CALIFORNIA l
SAN LUIS OBISPO SHEET, 1958 APPENDIX 6 GEOLOGIC EXPLORATION IRENCHES l
i'
,e I - INTRODUCTION gj
%h; The following information is presented as a summary of preliminary studies'on the site and environs of a proposed nuclear power plant for Pacific Gas and Electric Company in the vicinity of Diablo Canyon, San'Luis Obispo County, California.
This summary has a threefold purpose:
- 1) To evaluate the suitability of Diablo Canyon as a site for a nuclear power plant.
- 2) To summarize the data presently available in order to establish a more exhaustive and comprehensive site investigation.
3), To establish preliminary site-influenced design and operating cr iteria..
A summary of preliminary findings relating to these goals is presented as i
a conclusion in Section VII of this report.
The information presented herein has been gathered from public records, recognized authorities, consultants, and Company specialists in the research and design fields.
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.C, II - SITE AND ENVIRONS -
- Cl' A ~. - Locatien and Area i
The Diablo Canyon site is located adjacent to the Pacific Ocean in San Luis Obispo' County, California, approximately 190 miles south of San Francisco 'and! 150 miles north of Los Angeles.
The site. lies twelve miles west southwest of the City of San Luis Obispo, the county seat.
Figure II-l shows the location of the proposed site. Figure II-2 shows the area up to sixty. miles adjacent' to Diablo Canyon.
The. area.within a six-mile radius of the site is shown in Figure II-3.
A copy of the USGS map "San Luis Obispo
is included as Appendix 1.
The site contains approximately 535 acres south of Diablo Canyon Creek which are leased to'the Company for a term of 99 years with an option to renew for an additional 99 years.,0ne,hundred to two hundred additional 3f..
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acres will be ' acquired ~ on the north side of Diablo Canyon Creek.
The site boundaries and the estimated plant location are illustrated in Figura II-4.
The site is situated on a sloping t'errace, 00 to 150 feet'above sea level, bordered by the Pacific Ocean on the southwest and the San Luis Mountains on the northeast.
B.
Access The site is accessible from the town of Avila Beach by an unimproved, privately-owned road. A similar road approaches the site from the north-The nearest public routes are county roads located in Clark Valley, went.
four miles north, and See Canyon, five miles east.
U. S. Route 101 is the main highway serving the coastal region.
Its nearest point lies about ten miles to the east of Diablo Canyon, separated i..
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from it by the San Luis Mountains. State Route 1, ten miles to the north, V$'
carries moderate traffic between San Luis Obispo and the coast..
There are no deep water dock facilities within sixty miles of the site. Small craft harbors are located at Morro Bay and San Luis Obispo Bay.
The Southern Pacific Company operates the nearest railroad which approximately parallels U. S. Route 101. Construction of a spur track to the site is not contemplated; however, a new access road will be built from the existing Point San Luis Road at Avila Beach to the site prior to plant construction.
C.
Populatiott The portion of California within a sixty-mile radius of the site is rather sparsely populated. Although the site is approximately centered in San Luis Obispo County, a sixty-mile radius also encompasses portions of
- ( -}
Monterey and Santa Barbara Counties.
The population of this area has grown approximately 25 percent in the period 19o0 to 1965.
This growth rate has been typical of the State as a whole.
Table II-l shows population trends of the three counties and the State of California.
Table II-2 shows the growth of the largest communities within sixty miles of the site during the past five years.
No communities are located inside a six-mile radius of the proposed site.
The nearest residence is 1-1/2 miles north. Most of the communities are located adjacent to U. S. Route 101 with the majority centered in the Santa Maria Valley.
There are only three cities of more than 10,000 people witnin sixty miles of the site; these are San Luis Obispo (25,750), Santa Maria (31,200), and Lompoc (14,415).
Table II-3 shows the distribution of...
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- g conounities around the site and their population as reported in the 1960 o
census.
J The population does not vary much with the season; however, there is an occasional weekend influx of people in the vicinity of Grover City and Morro Bay. The lands adjacent to the coastline for eight miles in both directions from Diablo Canyon are privately held and have not baen open to the public.
The owner of the coastal property extending southeasterly from Diablo Canyon to Avila Beach has indicated plans for low density residential and recreational development.
D.
Jand Use The San Luis Mountains dominate the general area.
The economy is primarily dependent on agriculture.
The terrain east of U. S. Route 101 is h
a relatively uninhabited and inaccessible mountainous region, a large portion of which is included in the Los Padres National Forest. West of Route 101, the upland country is used primarily for grazing beef and, to a lesser extent, dairy cattle.
Farming is the predominant activity in the San Luis and Santa Maria Valleys. Major products are fruits, grain, sugar beets and truck crops.
Approximately 19 percent of the total employment and 29 percent of the total income of the area is agriculture.
Industry is small and of a local nature serving the agricultural needs of the area.
Food processing and the production and refining of crude oil are major industries of the region, although the numbers employed are not large.
Commercial and sport fishing are important industries in the areas of Morro Bay and Port San Luis.
Tourism also contributes to the i
economic pattern. J
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%y, The largest industrial complex is Vandenberg Air Force Base located thirty-seven miles southeast of the site. The U. S. ' Army maintains Camp Roberts and the Hunter-Liggett Military Reservation approximately forty miles j
north of the site. These bases account for the area's high proportion of
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employment in Government.
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- -Of TABLE 11-1 POPUIATION TRENDS OF THE STATE AND COUNTIES SURROUNDING DIABLO CANYON Counties San Luis Santa Year Monterey Obispo Barbara State of California 1940 73,032 33,246 70,555 b,907,387 Note 1 1950 130,498 51,417 98,220 10,586,223 Note 1 l
1955 161,400 63,100 110,200 13,004,000 Note 2 l
1960 198,753 81,044 168,962 15,717,204 Note 1 1965 221,600 100,500 243,900 18,726,000 Note 2 o
1970 276,800 127,900 334,800 21,734,000 Note 3 1975 331,000-152,400 410,300 24,830,000 Note 3
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1980 396,600 178,600 491,300..
28,137,000 Note 3 l
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Notes:
1.
U. S. Bureau of the Census Figures 2.
State of California Department of Finance Estimates.
3.
State of California Department of Finance Projections, Special Report of February 15, 1963 y'
l TABLE II-2
' GROWTH OF COMMUNITIES OVER 1,000 POPULATION WITHIN SIXTY MILES OF DIABLO CANYON Population Community 1960 1965 Percent Increase Arroyo Grande 3,291 6,862 108.5 I
Atascadero 5,983 11,500*
94.5 l
l Cambria Not Available 1,570*
l Cayucos Not Available 1,964*
Grover City 5,210 5,975 14.7 I
L Guadalupe 2,614 Not Available f
Lompoc 14,415 23,998 66.5 l
Morro Bay 3,692 o,960 88.7 I
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'Orcutt 1,414 Not Available Paso Robles 6,b77 7,375 10.5 Pism Beach 1,762 2,000 13.5 l
l Oceano 1,317 1,664 25.3 San *.a Maria 20,027 31,200 55.3 San Luis Obispo 20,437 25,750 26.0 Shell Beach 1,320 2,100 13.7 Solvang-1,325 Not Available 1960 population figures from U. S. Bureau of the census 1965 population figures from California State Department of Finance and local Chamber of Commerce estimates.
Estimates of California State Division of Highways for January, 1963.
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TAhLE II-3
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POPUIATION OF COMMUNITIES.WITHIN A SIXTY-MILE RADIUS OF DIABLO CANYON SITE Airline Distance Community _
County Population (miles)
Direction Harmony.
San Luis Obispo Less than 250 22 NNW Cambria San Luis Obispo 2000 28 NNW Cambria Pines San Luis Obispo less than 250 29 NNW San Simeon San Luis Obispo Less than 250 36 NNW Bryson Monterey Less than 250 45 NNW Lockwood Monterey Less than 250 53 NNW Jolon Monterey Less than 250 56 NNW Baywood, Park San Luis Obispo Less than 250 3
N Morro Bay San Luis Obispo 3,692 11 N
Cayucos San Luis Obispo 1,700 17 N
Bradley Monterey Less than 2 50 46 N
Pleyto Monterey Less than 250 46 N
San Ardo Monterey Less than 250 56 N
Atascadero San Luis Obispo 5,983 21 NNE Templeton San Luis Obispo Lese than 1,000 24 NNE Paso Robles San Luis Obispo 6,677 30 NNE Estrella San Luis Obispo Less than 250 37 NNE Whitley Gardens San Luis Obispo Less than 250 37 NNE San Miguel San Luis Obispo Less than 1,000 39 NNE Parkfield Monterey Less than 250 54 NNE (e7"3 Santa thrgarita San Luis Obispo Less than 1,000 19 NE Cushing San Luis Obispo Less than 250 20 NE Creston San Luis Obispo Less than 250 23 NE Shandon San Luis Obispo Less than l',000 40 NE Cholame San Luis Obispo Less than 250 47 NE San Luis Obispo San Luis Obispo 20,437 13 ENE P.oz o San Luis Obispo Less than 250 28 ENE La Panza San Luis Obispo Less than 250 37 ENE Simmler San Luis Obispo Less than 250 49 ENE Edna San Luis Obispo less than 250 14 E
Avila Beach San Luis Obispo Less than 250 7
ESE Shell Beach San Luis Obispo 1,820 12 ESE Pismo Beach San Luis Obispo 1,762 13 ESE Grover City San Luis Obispo 5,210 15 ESE Oceano San Luis Obispo 1,317 16 ESE Arroyo Grande San Luis Obispo 3,291 17 ESE Berros San Luis Obispo Less than 1,000 20 ESE Nipomo San Luis Obispo Less than 1,000 24 ESE Guadalupe Santa Barbara 2,614 24 SS Santa Maria Santa Barbara 20,027 29 SE Casmalla Santa Barbara Less than 250 32 SE Orcutt Santa Barbara 1,414 33 SE Garey Santa Barbara Less than 250 33 SE-Sisquoc Santa Barbara Less than 250 40 SE Ics Alamos Santa Barbara Less than 1,000 47 SE Bue11 ton Santa Barbara Less than 250 56 SE
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Los Olivos Santa Barbara Less than 1,000 56 SE Solvang Santa Barbara 1,325 59 SE Santa Ynez Santa Barbara Less than 1,000 60 SE Surf Santa Barbara Less than 250 39 SSE Lompoc Santa Barbara 14.415 45 SSE
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III - MZTEOROLCCY A.
General-The climate at the proposed pisnt site is typical of the central california coastal region.
In the sumtar or dry season, mainly May through September, the Pacific Anticyclone lying to the west of California prevents Pacific storms from moving eastward across the State.
In the winter or wet season, mainly November through March, the Pacific Anticyclone moves south-ward allowing Pacific storms to enter the State. More than 80 percent of tne total annual precipitation falls during this five-month period. April and October are basically transition months separating the two aeasons.
Annual temperature variations around the area of the plant site indicate the strong maritime influence on this region. Most stations along the coast show only a five to ten degree difference in mean temperature from the coldest winter month to the warmest summer conth.
During the dry season surface winds prevail from the northwest; while in the wet season southeast winds are frequent. Moderate to strong sea breezes are common along most of the California coast during the dry season.
During the wet season strong winds are associated with the more vigorous storm systems.
Cloudiness occurs mainly with winter storm activity. However, a high frequency of fog or low stratus clouds is evident during the dry season.
B.
Summary Suf ficient records are available to describe the seasonal rainfall, surface temperature patterns, and prevalent winds which can be expected at.P,.
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the Diablo Canyon site. Pertinent data is summarized in Appendix 2 and indicates the following:
1.
Mean temperatures are mild, varying from 52 F in the coldest month (January) to 600F in the warmest month (August).
Extreme temperatures will range from nearly 1000F in the summer, to as low as 260F in the winter.
2.
The normal ? mount of rainfall is approximately sixteen inches but ie likely to vary from nine inches in a dry year to twenty-seven inches in a wet year. More than 80 percent of the precipitation falls during the wet season (November-Maren).
3.
Wind data from Santa Maria and Point Arguello (thirty-forty miles to the southeast) indicates that winds will prevail from the northwest quadrant 40-50 percent of the time on an annual basis.
The average annual wind speeds at the 1,000 millibar level * (370 feet) will be approximately ten miles per hour. At the 950 millibar level * (1780 feet) the average annual wind speed increases to fourteen miles per hour. Persistent winds greater than forty miles per hour can be expected several times a year.
Severe weather, such as tornadoes and hurricanes, is practically non-existent in this area.
4.
A strong low level temperature inversion, typical of California's' coastal climate during the dry season (May-September), will also prevail in this area.
The height of the temperature inversion will average 1,640 feet j
during the af ternoon of the dry season (May-September).
In the early morning l
l hours the inversion height is closer to 1,210 feet for the same tir of the year.
During the wet season the inversion will lift and become weaker as
- Height based upon U. S. Standard Atmosphere 7
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E the storm track across the Pacific shif ts southward.
The air mass under the temperature inversion is relatively unstable and should provide a mixing layer for gaseous emissions.
The diffusion capabilities of this site will vary considerably between the coastal plain where the plant will be located and the 900-1,200 foot ridge which extends southeastward along the coast. Under prevalent northwesterly flow, channeling (a restriction to flow) is expected to occur -
near the point where the southeast boundary of the site intersects the ocean.
On-site measurements will be made to establish the degree of channeling and the gradient of the low-level turbulence between the coastal plain and the hilly terrain to the east of the plant site.
C.
Further Investigations In order to obtain meteorological data of a pertinent local nature for design and operating considerations, it is planned to construct a measure-ment network at the site. Measurements will be oriented toward obtaining the meteorological data used as input to analytical models available for describing diffusion.
The fundamental measurements that will be =sde are:
1.
Horizontal fluctuations of the wind.
2.
Vertical fluctuations of the wind.
3.
Wind speed.
4.
Wind direction frequency.
5.
Inversion height.
6.
Atmospheric stability.
7.
Plume expansion parameters.
8.
Rainfall measurements.
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. The proposed network will include one 250 foot tower at the plant site and one'100 foot tower on top of a'914 foot hill overlooking theLsite.
Additional equipment will be situated at the southern boundary, at the mouth of Diablo Canyon, approximately one mile up the canyon, and at other locations
-if found necessary.
Such a layout will provide information to evaluate the turbulent regimes on the coastal plain and the hilly. inland terrain as well as the frequency and magnitude of wind movement in Dicblo Canyon.
The main field verification effort will be the release of fluor-escent particles in a powder form from the meteorological tower. Uhere possi-ble, smoke tests will be conducted at the same time to cross-chech the loca-tion of the downwind fluorescent particle samplers.
In addition, the smoke tests will provide data for a more accurato determination of the plume. expan-sion porameters utilized in the diffusion model calculations.
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IV - GEOLOGY A. ' Introduction The proposed site has been investigated by Dr. Richard Jahns, Dean of the School of Mineral Sciences, Stanford University, who has pre-pared a detailed ~ geological map of the reactor site which is included in Appendix 4.
In' addition, Mr. Massimo Micheli, a P. G. and E. geologist, has made an invettigation which is included in AppendLx 3.
A geologic map of California, San Luis Obispo Sheet, is included in Appendix 5.
Comments on geology which follow below were derived from a review of the geologists' reports.
B.
Topography As shown in Figure II-4, it-is proposed to locate the reactor on the ocean-cut terrace which ranges in elsvation from about 60 to 150 feet above sea level.
Near the plant site the terrace'has a width of approxi-mately 1000 feet. At the seaward edge of the terrace there is a near-vertical cliff about 60 feet high which shows clearly a cross section of the geological formations.
Back from the shore and extending for several miles, the site is surrounded by the San Luis Mountains, an area of steep, brush-covered hillsides.
Diablo Creek, which reaches the ocean near the reactor site, has a summer flow of only a few gallons a minute and is the only all-year stream in the vicinity of the plant site.
Preliminary USGS Topographic sheets of the area at a scale of 1: 24000 are available.
The Company is preparing photogrammetric maps of the site at a scale of 1"=200 ft.
C.
Geological Description Bedrock in the site area is Tertiary in age and comprises
f marine shales, sandstones, and fine-grained tuffaceous sediments, along c-with a considerable variety of tuffs. All these rock types are firm and com-pact, although they represent a wide range in hardness and resistance to ero-sion.
The bedrock is overlain by marine and non-marine deposits of Pleistocene age.
The base of this terrace section rests on a platform of marine erosion, the age of which can be estimated as at least 120,000 years.
Both the sedimentary and volcanic units of the bedrock dip steeply, and it is apparent that the rocks have been subjected to common geologic f.olding and deformation. The effects of these processes can be readily recog-nized, especially in the contacts between the sedimentary and volcanic materi-als. Several small faults can be clearly identified in the bedrock, but no indications of significant faulting, such as large zones of gouge or breccia,
'.O have been found.
Neither the bedrock platform on which the terrace materials rest nor the overlying sequence of tetrace deposits show evidence of offset by any fault in the area.
Evidence for such offset was searched for with particu-lar care, notably in the vicinity of recognized faults within the bedrock section, but none was found.
D.
Foundations and Excavations The reactor and other major components of the power plant will be founded on bedrock. Elevation of the plant yard level has not been selected, but it is expected to be between forty and eighty feet above sea level.
Bed-rock elevation at the plant site is indicated to be higher than elevation eighty feet and, therefore, even if the foundation excavations below yard level are shallow, the plant will rest on a rock foundation.
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Rocks making up the bedrock series have variable properties, but will unquestionably carry the loads to be imposed on them by the power plant structures.
E.
Landslides The terrace and the slopes above appear to be quite stable and no landslides threaten the proposed reactor sics.
Very extensive excavation which will extend into the surrounding hills will be required for the reactor and turbine-generator.
It is not expected that any difficulties with sliding ground will be created in this area by the excavation.
The geologists have recognized potential landslides in the area above the switchyard.
Because this area is well removed from the reactor plant area, they would not represent a hazard to the reactor.
F.
Proposed Work To investigate the geological features of the site further, and in particular to demonstrate the absence of recent fault activity, a ceries of trenches are being excavated in the vicinity of the reacto't, as shown by the drawings in Appendix 6.
The trenching plan involves a total of about 2400 feet of trenches arranged so as to reveal geological features at the reactor location.
The trenches will be dug through the terrace materials and three feet into bedrock. Maximum depth of the trenches may reach fifty feet.
G.
Conclusions On the basis of geological investigations made up to this time, it is believed that the Diablo Canyon site is satisfactory insofar as geological factors are concerned.
There is reason to expect that the sub-surface investigations now underway will establish beyond question the suitability of the site.
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V - SEISMOLOGY A.
Introduction The Company proposes to obtain the services of seismological consultants to investigate thoroughly and to advise on seismological aspects of the sits. Meanwhile, the geologists who have investigated the site have made some comments on certain phases of seismology.
The following sununary is drawn largely from this source.
B.
Paults
~
No large or active fault is known to exist within the site area.
The site is forty or fifty miles west of the San Andreas Fault.
The Nacimiento Fault is abou t twenty to thirty miles away, but it is not considered active.
There are other mappable faults with a northwest-
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southecst trend at varying places in the Coast Range; howiver, no major faults have been mapped near the Diablo Canyon site. Reference to the San Luis Obispo sheet of the Geologic Map of California (Appendix 5) will show a series of small faults along the northeast side of the San Luis Range.
These faults are the nearest shown on the geologic map and are about five miles away from the site.
The Earthquake Epicenter and Fault Hap of California (repro-duced in part in Appendix 3) shows essentially the same faults as the Geo-logic Map of California and, in addition, shows the location of epicenters and earthquake magnitudes for all earthquakes exceeding magnitude 4.0 dur-ing the period 1934 to 1961, together with major earthquakes prior to this period.
The Diablo Canyon area is remarkably free of earthquake epicenters.
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Within a radius of forty miles no earthquakes of magnitude of 6.0 or greater have occurred within the period of record. Northwest of the site, about forty miles away, there is an epicenter for a 6.0 magnitude earthquake.
Northeast of-the site, on the San Andreas Fault at a distance of about fifty miles, there are two epicenters of magnitudes 6.0 and 6.5.
South-west of the site at a distance of about sixty miles is plotted the epi-center of the largest earthquake in the area, magnitude 7.3.
C.
Seismic Design and, Tsunamis The seismological consultants will be asked to recommend an gurthgoeie Itaquency reponse spectrum for design of the plant and to coa-ment on the hazard to the plant from tsunamis.
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'Q VI - HYDROLOGY A.
Domestic Water Supplie,s, Water supply for the City of San Luis Obispo is derived principally from Salinas Reservoir, about twenty-three miles northeast of the plant site.
Whale Rock Reservoir on Old Creek, seventeen miles north of the site, and Chorro Reservoir about thirteen miles northeast of the site are also used.
There are a few small unc;vered reservoirs in connection with the San Luie Obispo Filter Plant which is located about three miles north of San Luis Obispo and about eighteen miles northeast of the plant site. There is a proposal to build a reservoir on lopez Canyon, a tributary to Arroyo Grande Creek. This re;ervoir would be about twenty miles east of the plant site.
Small towns in the San Luis Obispo area depend on wells.
The underlying formations in the mountainous regions tend to be c,
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relatively impervious and there are no large underground aquifers.
The area is relatively ~ arid with an annual rainfall of about *if teen inches, and ex-cept for large valleys like the Santa thria Valley, underground water supplies ar e dif ficult to locate.
Underground water at the plant site is expected to be no more than minor seepage from the terrace materials.
B.
Flooding of the Site There is no hazard to the plant from flooding.. Diablo Creek, with a drainage area of about four square miles, is incapable of a flood that would jeopardize the plant and, in any case, the topography of the plant site is such that flooding is not conceivable.
-15 8,3
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The Sea Maximum tidal range in the area is about five feet. The plant 1
- site is fully exposed to the Pacific Ocean, with little natural protection.
The reactor will be located high enough to be unaffected, and protection from storm waves will be provided for the condenser cooling water intake and discharge. Studies prepared by the U. S. Army Engineers aud others have indicated that waves approximately twenty feet high are appropriat'e for design.
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~ VII - CONCLllSIONS m,
On the basis of information available,-the proposed site appears suitable for construction and operation of a nuclear power station incorporat-ing either a pressurized or boiling water reactor of current or improved design.
Investigations are being undertaken to obtain additional informa-
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tion necessary to complete the evaluation of the site and to establish design criteria.
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