Text

Annual Operating Rept for License R-74 for FY79-80
	ML19330B515
Person / Time
Site:	University of Wisconsin, 07000052
Issue date:	07/11/1980
From:	Cashwell R; WISCONSIN, UNIV. OF, MADISON, WI
To:	;
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ML19330B512	List: ML19330B511; ML19330B515;
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e ANNUAL OPERATING REPORT FOR LICEllSE R-7tl TO THE UNITED STATES NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION Farr FISCAL YEAR 1979-1980 PREPARED BY:

1. J. CASHWELL

]EPARTMENT OF NUCLEAR ENGINEERING 8008040 //p J

s.

ANNUAL REPORT A.

SUMiiARY OF OPERATIONS 1.

Instructional Use - UW-Madison Formal Classes Three Nuclear. Engineering Department classes make use of the reactor.

The 46 students enrolled in NE 231 participated in a 2-hour laboratory ses-sion to introduce students to reactor behavior characteristics. Twelve hours of reactor operating time were devoted to this session.

NE 427 had an enrollment of 17 during the 2 semesters it was offered. Several of NE 427 experiments use materials that are activated in the reactor, while the experiment entitled " Radiation Survey" requires that students make measurements of radiation levels in and around the Reactor Laboratory.

Since the irradiations for the students and the radiation survey take place during normal isotope production runs, no reactor time was devoted exclu-sively to NE 427. The enrollment in NE 428 was 22 as it was offered in both semesters. A total of 94.25 operating hours was devoted to the 3 experiments (" Critical Experiment", " Control Element Cal.ibration", and

" Pulsing") which require exclusive use of the reactor.

Each of these ex-periments was repeated 4 times during the year. Other laboratory sessions make us~e of material that has been irradiated in the reactor (" Fast Neu-

- tron Flux Measurements by Threshold Foil Techniques" and " Resonance Ab-sorption"). These latter 2 experiments were repeated 8 times during the semester.

l Individual 1 to 2 hour2.314815e-5 days 5.555556e-4 hours 3.306878e-6 weeks 7.61e-7 months sessions' in the Reactor Laboratory are also held for other departments ranging from Integrated Liberal Studies to Physics.

2.

Reactor Sharing Program Use of the reactor by the group from the University of flinnesota-Duluth (3 staff members and 2 graduate students) continued with the work expanding from neutron activation analysis identification of copper and tin. artifacts to preliminary work on attempting similar identification of

- pottery artifacts. A group from the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point brought a class of 25 exceptional high school students for a reactor oper-ating demonstration during the summer,while Professor Auchter from Carroll College brought his Advanced Physics class of 6 students for a 3-hour class.on neutron activation analysis.

F

3.

Utility Personnel Training Five 2-week research reactor training programs were conducted for

[

-potential operations personnel from Public Service _ Indiana (Marble Hill).

The 2-week program is identical to such programs held in the past. essen-l tially comprising laboratory experience for a training program conducted by General Physics Corporation. A total of 30 students was acquainted -

with basic reactor operating characteristics and operating techniques by operating the reactor through at 'least 10 startups.

A similar program was conducted for 2. groups of shift technical ad-1; visor appointees from the Kewaunee Nuclear Plant. A group of 5 students who ha'd recently been students in our NE 427 and NE 428 laboratory courses I

attended a 1-week program which avoided duplication _of material covered in j

those courses. -The other group of 6 individuals completed the usual

'2-week program.

4.

' Sample Irradiation and Neutron Activation Analysis Services During the year, 6,376 samples were irradiated. 1145 of these sample trradiations were for 15 minutes or less, while the remainder accumulated 12,707.73 sample hours of irradiation. The irradiation work can be further I

classified into-1,084 irradiations and 496.9 irradiation space hours. Most of the samples ~ irradiated were irradiated by the laboratory's neutron acti-vation analysis-service where samples are submitted by outside users for subsequent sample preparation and analysis by instrumental ne0 tron activa-i tion analysis.- In the listing that follows,'those samples run as part of the_ neutron activation analysis service are designated by the' notation NAA.

l A-listing of tha rers of the irradiation and neutron activation anal-ysis service' follows.

Information is given on the object of the research, personne11 involved and sponsoring organization where known.

Biochemistry.

(NAA) 14 samples, 7 less than 15 minutes,19.25 sample hours.

Professor M. A. Stahmann and 1 graduate student. Measurements of trace el'ements in plant material; specifically the effect~ of nutrients on growth and development of edible mushrooms. Supported by llARF.

L

- Biochemistry. _ 4_ samples,12 sample hours.

Profe'ssor Orme-Johnson.

l, 7

Production of copper-64 for' tracer studies.

Carroll - College. 2 samples, both less than 15-minute irradiations.

p Professor Auchter and 5 students.

Irradiation for a neutron activation 7

- analysis laboratory.

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Chemistry..(NAA) 21 samples,10.5 sample hours. Grad student M. Louise Bleam continued the study on the binding of small cations to nucleic acids. Supported by NSF.

Chemistry.

(NAA) 54 samples, 35.5' sample hours.

Professor J. C.

Wright and 2 graduate students. NAA for erbium and europium in calcium flouride crystals.

Chemical Engineering.

(NAA) 34 samples,16 less than 15 minutes, 72 sample hours. Graduate student Woody Shiflett used NAA services to measure chlorine concentrations in aluminum oxide and silica gel.

Graduate student James Welch used NAA to determine elemental im-purity levels in agricultural soils.

Consolidated Cigar Company.

(NAA) 88 sample,117 sample hours.

Measurement of bromine levels in tobacco.

Dairy Science Department.

(NAA) 2,708 samples, 8,013 sample hours.

Professors L. Satter and N. Jorgensen, 3 graduate students. Use of stable tracers in feed to determine digestibility, rumen turnover and rate of passage in dairy cattle.

Supported by Hatch Act, State Funds, and Gift Funds.

Forest Products Laboratory.

Staff member T. Jeffries and post-doc-toral student David Eaton analyzed ashed paper mill sludge for elemental constituents.

Geology and Geophysics.

(NAA) 16 samples, 34.72 sample hours.

Graduate Student Jeffrey T. Keith used NAA to determine diffusion direc-tion of 25 elements in a magna chamber by analyzing samples of volcanic tuff.

Sponsored by Noranda Explorations, Inc., Denver, Colorado.

Geology and Geophysics.

(NAA) 50 samples, 28 less than 15 ninutes, 44 sample hours.

Professor Campbell Craddock and 1 graduate student studied the concentrations of trace elements in basaltic rock. Research was supported by NSF.

Globe Union, Irc.

(NAA) 971 samples, 499 less than 15 minutes, 1147.75 sample hours. NAA service used to determine impurity levels in lead and lead oxide which might have importance in battery performance and failure rate.

Institute of Paper Chemistry.

(NAA) 216 samples, 24 less than 15 minutes,- 249.6 sample hours.

Initial study to determine suitability of various glass fibers for tracing flow through a reaction vessel. Also, activation of fibers for use in tracing holdup and mixing of fibers in paper formulation.

_4

' Kewaunee Nuclear Power Plant.

(NAA) 29 samples, 20 less than 15-minute irradiations,18 sample hours.

Use of NAA to determine composition of yellow material found inside piping in the spent fuel pool of the power plant. Measurement of chlorine levels of oil-absorbing materials.

Mechanical Engineering. 12 samples, all less than 15-minute irradia-tions.

Professor Borman and graduate student Al Jessel used the reactor ir-radiation services to produce Argon-41 gas for use in studies of combustion process in dcisel. engines. Supported by DOE and Detroit Deisel-Allison

-Division of General Motors.

Medicine.

(NAA) 72 samples, 67 less than 15 minutes, 4.13 sample hours.

Professor R. Barreras and 1 staff member.

Determination of rela-tive dissolution of aluminum and magnesium hydroxide from mixed gels re-acting with acid and gastric juice in order to study the efficiency of mixed antacids for human use. Supported by a gift from the Lewis Howe Corporation.

Medicine. 5 samples, all less than 15-minute irradiations. Profes-sor Stuart Updike and 2 additional staff members utilized tracers produced at the Reactor Laboratory to measure catalytic effects in membranes used in artifidial kidneys. Supported by National Institutes of Health.

Fetallurgical and Mineral Engineering.

(NAA) 2 samples,1 sample hour. Professor Roger Boom and 1 graduate student. Measurement of iron concentration in ore samples.

Nuclear Engineering.

Instructional.

196 samples, 81 less than 15 minutes, 348.9 sample hours. NE courses 427 and 428 irradiations.

j Nuclear Engineering.

317 samples, 203 samples less than 15 minutes, 159.7 sample hours.

Irradiations in support of operator training courses, flux measurements, and development of standards and techniques in the neu-tron activation analysis service.

Nuclear Engineering.

(NAA) 9 samples, all less than 15-minete ir-radiations.

1 grad student. Measurement of copper and palladium c. 'cen-trations in wire samples.

Nuclear Medicine.

32 samples,10 less than 15-minute irradiations, 16.5 sample hours.

Professor Gatley, 2 additional staff members, 2 grad-

.uate students.. Production of fiuorine-18 and copper-64 for pharmaceutical use. Sponsored by National Cancer Institute, UW Graduate School, and UW School of Medicine.

Physics and Nuclear Engineering.

(NAA) 2 samples, both less than

.15 minutes.

Professors Kerst and Post together with graduate students working on the octopole used NAA service to determine the material being deposited on a glass rod in the plasma chamber. Researc'h is supported by

- DOE'.

Radiology-Human Oncology.

(NAA) 7 samples, 3.5 sample hours.

Pro-fessor A. Wiley and 1 graduate student. Detection and monitoring of heavy elements.in human tumors. Supported by private paticnt donations, Univer-sity Radiotherapy Associates R & D Funds, and National Cancer Institute.

Soils Department.

387 samples, 98 less than 15 minutes,1183 sample hours.

Professor Philip Helmke,1 additional staff member, 6 graduate stu-dents and 1 undergraduate student. Trace element studies of soil and fly ash by neutron activation analysis.

Supported by Environmental Protection Agency.

Soils Department. Neutron activation analysis of soils, rocks, min-erals, and biological materials to understand the behavior of elements in natural systems.

1 staff member,1 post doctoral fellow, 3 graduate stu-dents, and 1 undergraduate student.

Supported by Environmental Protection Agency. Hatch Act, Wisconsin Power & Light, Madison Gas & Electric, Wiscon-sin Public Service Corporation, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engi-neering Laboratory, Department of Energy, and National Science Foundation.

University of Minnesota-Duluth.

(NAA)

(Reactor Sharing Program) 313 samples, 592 sample hours. Professor George Rapp 2 additional staff members and a number of graduate students continued to be involved in studies of trace element concentrations in artifacts, both metallic and ceramic, as a means of identifying common origin of these materials.

Sup-ported by the Department of Energy.

University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh.

(NAA) 66 samples, 33 less than 15 minutes, 60 sample hours.

Professor Jack Propp,1 additional staff mem-ber, and 3 students are involved in determination of heavy metal content in river sediments above and below the City of Appleton.

Supported by National Science Foundation, j

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD.

(NAA) 613 samples 27 less than 15 minutes, 297 sample hours. Use of stable tracers in study-ing utilization and turnover rates of animal feeds.

Water Chemistry.

(NAA) 107 samples, 214 sample hours. Measurement of arsenic, iron, and chromium content in sediment samples.

5 Changes in Personnel, Facility, and Procedures Changes reportable under 10 CFR 50.59 are indicated in Section E of this report.

The refueling of the reactor to a full FLIP fuel core was com-pleted during the year, and a document detailing the test program verifying the core operating characteristics (about 180 hours0.00208 days 0.05 hours 2.97619e-4 weeks 6.849e-5 months of reactor operating time) is attached.

No changes in personnel occurred during the year.

. 6.

Results of Surveillance Tests Surveillance tests and inspections-during the year revealed no safety-related defects. Operating personnel performance evaluations under the Operator Proficiency flaintenance Program showed no deficiencies on written or oral examinations.

During inspection of fuel elements, rust was detected on the unmachined surfaces of several of the newer FLIP fuel elements. The problem was inves-tigated by the fuel manufacturer and by the Reactor Safety Committee member specializing in metallurgy.

Both investigations concluded that the rust was a result of_ improper passivation of the element top end fittings and that the presence of the rust did not preclude. continued operation or make fuel leaks more likely. The portions of the end fittings that had surface layers removed showed no rust, and only machined portions are associated with joining the fitting to the clad or with allowing differential expan-sion of the fitting with the bundle end fittings. fio corrective action was considered warranted by either review.

Loading to an all FLIP operational core was completed during the year.

A document entitled " Core Test Program - All FLIP Core" is appended to this report.

j Additional testing of the core after more than 500 MW-Hours of opera-tion showed an increase in core excess reactivity of 0.02% Ak/k, as expected for an all FLIP core.

B.

OPERATING STATISTICS AND FUEL EXPOSURE The fuel exposure and operating data below are given.for the previous fiscal year and for the total time since conversion to TRIGA fuel.

Since several mixed fuel cores were operated before reaching the present opera-tional core (23 FLIP bundles and 12 graphite reflectors) a breakdown is also given showing total operation for all TRIGA. cores used.

Core or Operative Period Startups Critical Hours Mll Hours Pul ses FY 79-80 322 980.61 619.52 74 Total--All Triga Cores 2387 8092.48 5699.35 1435

. Total--Present 23 Bundle All FLIP Core - First Critical 7-31-79 916.70 559.57 74 Interim 21 Bundle All FLIP Core - First Critical 6-15-79 96.03 87.46 0

15 Bundle. FLIP - 10 Bundle Standard Core - First Critical 1-3-78 696.95 15.99 137 9 Bundle FLIP - 16 Bundle Standard Core - First Critical 3-4-74 1575.30 49.54 283

TRIGA' core operating data (continued)

Critical Hours MU Hours Pulses All Standard Fuel Core - First Critical 11-14-67 4807.50 3479.00 941 C.

EMERGENCY SHUTDOWNS AND INADVERTENT SCRAMS There were no emergency shutdowns during the year. There were 34 inad-Yertent shutdowns distributed as indicated below.

~

17, trainee operator error trips:

9/24/79, 10/4/79, 10/18/79, 10/22/79, 12/3/79, 12/5/79, 1/17/80, 1/21/80, 3/5/80, 4/4/80, 4/11/80, 4/16/80, 4/17/80, 4/18/80, 5/12/80.

These trips resulted from improper range switching on the safety channels as power was increased or decreased. Trip occurs at 125% of range in any range, and changing range switches at inappropriate times or in the wrong direction causes a trip.

12/7/79 trainee received period trip from excessive rod withdrawal.

6 high voltage power supply malfunctions.

Period trips 7/24/79, 8/1/79, 10/4/79, 10/4/79, 11/1/79.

High voltage failure trip 8/8/79.

The several trips in this series resulted from momentary variations in the positive high voltage power supply to the detectors. The power sup-ply never could be made to fail while on the bench or while diagnostic equipment was attached. Major system components were replaced one at a time to isolate the component causing the failure (detector, Log N %riod Amplifier, high voltage power supply, current limiting relays in high vol-tage power supply, vacuum tubes). When the problem was finally localized to the power supply, all high voltage capacitors were replaced.

Finally, the intermittent failure was eliminated by replacing the solid state high voltage rectifier in the power supply.

Since the power supply is more than 20 years old, it is scheduled to be replaced when an appropriate substitute f.s obtained.

2 period trips from actual short period.

During reactivity measurements to determine worth' of large reactivity worth samples, the worth of a cadmium-filled sample had been determined to be

.269%p. The trips resulted from attempts to determine whether the auto-matic control system could cope with removal of such a sample in I23-R10 core.

It can if the samples return by the usual mechanism of turning off

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.for non-bouyant samples.

In the operational core presently in use (I23-R12),

the worth of the sample.is 0.1%p and the automatic control system can compen-sate for. sample removal by either means.

l' fuse holder failure.

Fuse F3 holder indicated a blown fuse.

The fuse was found to be good, but the holder could give intermittent open indication. The fuse holder was replaced 9/25/79.

1 ~ period trip from cable being bumped. Coaxial cables to-the Log-N CIC were in the open at the pool top before th'e detector was relocated.

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When at low power,an operator bumped one of the cables to the detector and a period. trip occurred. 11/1/79.

The detector has been relocated and accessible cable-runs are in metal conduit. See the section of this report on facility changes.

7 - trips. from switching transients in Log-N Period Channel.

These trips occurred after pulsing operation or soon after pre-startup checklist interlock checks. 1/29/80, 2/1/80, 2/1/80, 3/3/80, 3/13/80, 4/10/80, 4/14/80.

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After extensive checking for poor connectors or ground loops in re.

located Log-N CIC the detector was replaced. The problem persisted on oc-casion and was eventually determined to be an indirect result of the greatly-decreased gamma radiation level at the new position o'f the Log-N detector.

Procedures required that the compensating voltage'be set before each startup from source range (a necessity at the previous location). At the new loca-1 tion the detector. current was essentially zero when the reactor was shut down (no~ substantial full power operation within 24 hours2.777778e-4 days 0.00667 hours 3.968254e-5 weeks 9.132e-6 months ) regardless of

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. compensating voltage. With extremely low compensating voltages applied,

-switching l transients appeared to place charge on '* : cables which resulted

'in~ period spikes.- The startup procedure was modified to ' require that the compensating voltage remain at a preset level, and this change eliminated the problem.

D._

-MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS' l

Ordinary preventive ' maintenance was performed on all equipment.

Unusual maintenance problems were detailed in Section C under discussion of. events-causing. reactor trips.

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Inspection of control rod drive wiring showed deterioration of wire insulation in exposed ends of a coiled cable that connects to rod drive mag-nets. The deterioration was due to oxidation on one end and oil absorption on the other erld.

Insulation within the outer cable jacket was-in good con-dition. Although no problems had been experienced with insulation breakdown, the cable ends were removed and new connections made on the magnet cables.

Other cables within the drive were also checked and reterminated, with some fiber insulation sleeves replaced with heat shrink insulation.

E.

CHANGES IN THE FACILITY OR PROCEDURES rep 0RTABLE UNDER 10 CFR 50.59 1.

The Log-N CIC was moved from its previous location in a bridge corner post (in-water location) to the thermal column. The move was due to (1) obtain a better neutron / gamma environment, (2) eliminate supra-linear behavior'due to location of the detector above the core, (3) place the detector in a dry environment and (4) eliminate period trips due to bumping exposed cables to the detector. The increased amount of full power operation due to the requirement to maintain fuel at self-protecting radia-tion level for extended periods of time made proper compensation of the de-tector very difficult in the previous location.

In the thermal column, the detector is separated from the core by 2.5 inches of lead and 36 inches of graphi te. Gamma compensation is much improved with the new location. The relocation was completed on January 18, 1980.

2.

Detector operating voltage for all CIC's and the fission counter was decreased from 750 volts to 500 volts on March 3,.1980.

The change was primarily the result of a desire to move the voltage further below the maximum voltage rating of the fission counter and to allow use of spare fission counters which exhibit breakdown at voltages above 700 volts.

Since the 750 volt operating level was originally set to allow use of a B-10 proportional counter as the original source range instrument, and fission counters had been used for source range for many years, there was j

no need for the higher voltage.

In addition, the planned replacement of the high voltage power supply is easier to implement at the 500 volt level.

3.

The fire alarm system for the Mechanical Engineering Building is in the process of substantial revision and will be completed by July 21, 1980 A part of this revision is the addition of 3 manual alarm stations, smoke and heat sensors, and alarm horns in the Reactor Laboratory.

This is a considerable change for the laboratory since no alarm sensors had pre-viously been installed in the laboratery.

l

4.

A new emergency procedure (UWNR 154) detailing responses to breaching of the security of the Reactor Laboratory and theft'or threat of theft of SNM was drafted and approved by the Reactor Safety Committee on May 20,1980.

F.

RADI0 ACTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL 1.

Solid Waste There was no solid waste transferred out of the laboratory during the year.

2 Liquid Waste Table 1 shows the record of liquid waste disposal during the fiscal year.

3 Particulate and Gaseous Radioactivity Released to the Atmosphere Table 2 presents information on stack activity discharged during the year.

G.

SU'tMARY OF RADIATION EXPOSURES (1 July 1979 - 14 May 1980)

No significant exposure of personnel occurred due to operation of the reactor.

For occupationally exposed personnel:

the highest annual whole body and skin doses were 140 mrem and 170 mrem respectively, while the highest extremity dose for the entire year was 60 mrem.

For laboratory students, the highest annual whole body and skin doses were 30 mrem and 70 mrem respectively. No facility visitor received any measurable dose.

Routine radiation and contamination surveys of the facility revealed no areas of high exposure rates or contamination.

H.

RESULTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEYS The environmental monitoring program at Wisconsin consists of thermo-luminescent dosimeters (LiF TLD service from Eberline) located in the area surrounding the Reactor Laboratory.

The table below lists doses for persons continuously in the area for representative dosimeter readings.

Annual Dose Data-Environmental Monitors Location Average Dose Rate-mrem / week Inside Wall of Reactor Laboratory 3.20

.54 Inside Reactor. Laboratory Stack 1.44

.53 Highest Dose Outside Reactor Laboratory

-(Reactor Lab roof entrance window: Monitor l

adjacent to stone surface) 2.37

.81

Annual Dose Data-Environmental Monitors (Continued)

Location Average Dose Rate-mrem / week Highest Dose in Occupied flonrestricted area (third floor classroom facing away.-from Reactor Lab)

.62'

.09 Average Dose in Occupied flonrestricted Area

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.16 Average-Dose in All Unrestricted Areas

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TABLE 1 LIQUID WASTE TO SANITARY SEWER 11 SEPT 79 3 JAN 1980 17 MARCH 1980 25 MAY 1980 TOTAL TOTAL ACTIVITY DISCHARGED (Microcuries) 171.46 16.42 325.08 68.77 581.73 LIQUID QUANTITY-(Gallons) 1030.0 800.0 900.0 800.0 3530.0 Ra226 - MPC USED - 4x10-7 AMOUNT (pCi) 2.31 0.224 2.53 CONC (pCi/ml) 5.92x10-7 7.48x10-8 l06 Ru

- MPC USED - 4x10-4 AMOUNT (pCi) 4.40x10-4 0.008 18.48 18.49 CONC (pCi/ml)~

l.12x10-10 2.43x10-9 6.1x10-6 C*,57 - MPC USED - 2x10-2 AMOUNT (pC1) 0.087 5.66 5.75 CONC (pCi/ml) 2.24x10-8 1.87x10-6 CoS8 - MPC USED - 4xl C3 AMOUNT (pCi) 3.74 0.20 8.54 12.48 CONC (pCi/ml) 9.6x10-7 6.73x10-8 2.82x10-6 Co60 - MPC USED - lx10-3 AMOUNT (pCi) 6 9.61 0.156 83.64 3.01 156.42 CONC (pCi/ml) 1.68x10-5 3.17x10-8 2.53x10-5 1.94x10-6 Zn65 - MPC USED - 3x10-3 AMOUNT (pCi) 12.49 0.54 160.92 173.95 CONC (pCi/ml) 3.21x10-6 1.79x10-7 4.73x10-5 5

Mn 4 - MPC USED - 4x10-3 AMOUNT (pCi) 15.26 55.34 10.48 81.08 CONC (pCi/ml) 3.92x10-6 1.63x10-5 3.46x10-6 K40 - MPC USED - 9x10-5 AMOUNT (pCi) 2.55 0.79 9.82 13.16 CONC (pCi/ml) 6.56x10-7 2.62x10-7 2.89x10-6 55 - MPC USED - 2x10-2 Fe AMOUNT (pCi) 53.8 9.05 62.85 CONC (pCi/ml ) _

5.59x10-5 2.99x10-6 Fe59 - MPC USED - 2x10-3 AMOUNT (pCi) 0.997 0.168 1.16 CONC (pCi/ml )

8.86x10-8 5.54.10-8 Cr51 - MPC USED - 5x10-2 AMOUNT (pC1) 10.64 5.29 15.35 22.6 53.88 CONC (pCi/ml )

2.73x10-6 1.75x10-6 4.50x10-6 7.47x10-6 Av: rage concentration at point of release to sewer = 4.35x10-5 pCi/ml (includes natural. radioactivity).

Average daily. sewage flow for dilution = 2.37x104 gallons Av; rage concentration after dilution = 1.78x10-8 pCi/ml

TABLE 2 EFFLUENT FROM STACK

-1.

Particulate Activity There was no discharge of particulate activity in excess of background levels.

2.

Gaseous Activity - All Argon 41 Activity Maximum Instantaneous Average Stack Discharged Concentration Concentratgon MPC Used Month (Curies) pCi/ mix 10-6 pCi/ mix 10-pCi/ml July 79 0.2427 1.0 13.0 2.4x10-5 August 0.1825 0.8 9.8 September 0.1532 6.1 9.9 October 0.1915 1.0 10.7 November 0.2590 1.5 13.9 December 0.1916 2.2 11.11 January 80 0.2748 0.45 16.2.

February

' O.2482 3.7 16.6 March 0.4684 3.2 27.9 April 0.0839 1.0 4.84 May 0.1152 1.05 6.22 June 0.2684 4.5 16.0

-6 TOTAL 2.679 6.1x10 Maximum 1.30x10 Yearly Average

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The MPC value above is that calculated in the SAR to be equivalent to

-8 3x10 Ci/ml in the area surrounding the laboratory.

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I.

PUBLICATIONS AND PRESENTATIONS ON WORK BASED ON REACTOR USE Biochemistry G. F. Leatham, PhD Thesis, " Selected Physiological and Biochemical Studies of Growth and Development of Shiitake, the Edible Japanese Forest Mushroom, Lentinus Edodes. 1979.

Geology & Geophysics Jeffery D. Keith, M.S. Thesis.

" Miocene Porphyry Intrusitons, Volcanism, and Mineralization, Southwestern Utah and Eastern Nevada.

1980 Two additional publications will be written during the coming months.

Nuclear Engineering _, Energy Systems and Policy Research Program Gary J. Russell, Samit K. Bhattacharyya and Wesley K. Foell, "A Hybrid Static / Dynamic Heating Technique for the Measurement of Nuclear Doppler Effects, Nuclear Instruments and Methods 148, pp 99-111 (1978).

Radiology, Nuclear Nedicine Section) 18 deocy-3-fluoro S. J. Gatley and W. J. Shaughnessy, " Synthesis of F

glucose with a Nuclear Reactor", Int. J. of Appl. Radiat. Isotopes, (in press).

S. J. Gatley, R. D. Hichwa, L. ft. Lieberman and R. J. Nickles, " Aspects 8 deoxy-2-fluoro glucose", Int. J. of Appl. Radiat.

of the Production of F

Isotopes, (in press).

S. J. Gatley and W. J. Shaughnessy, "Nucleophilic Substitution with Fluoride", J. of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals, (in press).

Soils Helmke, Habermann, Hanson, " Reactions ~ of Fly Ash", Water Resources Center Publica tion, 1979.

Glenn Hanson, M.S. Thesis, " Fly Ash Mineralogy",1979.

Fernando DaSilva, PhD Thesis, " Trace Elements in Wisconsin River Sediments",

in progress.

Maria DaSilva, PhD Thesis, " Mineralogy of Wisconsin Glacial Deposits",

in progress.

Helmke, P. A., W. P. Robarge, R. L. Korotev-and P. J. Schomberg, " Effects of Soil-Applied Sewage Sludge on Concentrations of Elements in Earthworms",

l

-J. Environ. Qual. 8: pp 322-327, 1979.

May, H. M., P. A. Helmke and M. L. Jackson, "Gibbsite Solubility and Thermo-dynamic Properties of Hydroxy-Aluminum Ions in Aqueous Solution at 25 C",

Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 43:- pp 861-868,1979 Hanson, G.

D., M.S. Thesis, " Pozzolanic Reactions of Fly Ash and Mixtures of Fly Ash and Flue Gas Desulfurization Sludge,1979.

Checkali R. T'.,. M. S. Thesis, " Isotopically Exchangeable Zinc in Wisconsin Soils,1979.

Helmke, P. A. and R. D. Koons, "Long-Term Effects of Heavy Metals in Land j

Treatment-Trace Element Migration in Soils", U. S. Army Cold Regions Research

{

and Engineering Laboratory, 1980.

Koons, R.

D., P. A. Helmke and M. L. Jackson, " Association of Trace Elements with Iron Oxides During Rock Weathering", Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 44: pp 155-

-159, 1980.

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THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN NUCLEAR REACTOR CORE TEST PROGRAM ALL FLIP CORE PREPARED BY:

R. J. CASHWELL DEPARTMENT OF NUCLEAR ENGINEERING JANUARY 1980 4

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ITHEUNIVERSITYOFWISCONSIfl T

.p NUCLEAR REACTOR t

CORE TEST. PROGRAM - ALL FLIP CORE 1 INTRODUCTION

This report details the loading'and ' testing of the core for the University of Wisconsin reactor, which is constituted of-all FLIP fuel-bundles'.. A number of dif-ferent. cores were loaded and investigated before selection of an operational core for long-term use. This report gives data developed during the period of the test program which lasted:from June through November,~ 1979.

A.-

LICENSE CHANGES T0, AUTHORIZE FUEL Amendment No'.14 to: License R-74 was issued with an effective date of 14 April 1979. This amendment authorized a larger-possession limit to enable use of an all FLIP core and continued possession of the standard TRIGA. fuel already on hand.

In y

addition.the license is written'in accordance with the current emphasis on safe-guarding of Special Nuclear Material to include a provision that no more than 4.5 kilograms of Uranium-235 in the. form of Uranium enriched to.>20% may be left in a "non-sel f-protecting". state. The provision means that the FLIP fuel on hand that i

has. irradiation. level of <100 rem per hour at three feet can not total more than 4.5 ki_lograms. contained Uranium-235. This license provision is slightly more re-i.

strictive than the limit contained in the regulations on SNM which indicates up to 5 kilograms of 'non-self-protecting Uranium-235 may be possessed without being con-sidered.a ' Category I facility.

The plan for loading the fuel, therefore, was' to receive two shipments of

<4.5 kilograms Uranium-235 content with sufficient operation at high power levels after receipt of the first shipment to assure attainment of self-protecting level L

of thit fuel before the second shipment was received.

B.

FUEL RECEIPTS Notice of shipment' of the first batch of fuel (2.92 kilograms Uranium-235)

.I

. was received on 30 May 1979 with an estimated time of arrival of 1 June 1979. The shipment finally arrived on 13 June 1979. The shipment was delayed in part because of an overly _ optimistic estimated time of arrival and in 'part because of the diffi-culties concerned with trucker unrest during the summer of 1979. Reports of 3

blocked roads and gunfire directed at. trucks on the road'were quite ccmmon during 3

that time interval. We, therefore, notified General Atomic that we did not want the second = shipment 'of fuel. shipped until the situation with the truckers had re-turned to. normal. 'A large number of telephone calls to NRC personnel and to j

~

. Genera 1' Atomic were necessary ~during this. time period in order to maintain an idea

of where the fuel was and comply with NRC regulations, j

The second shipment'of. fuel (3.18 kilograms Uranium-235) was received on 26

' July 1979, onel day before the_ announced estimated time of arrival. The first L

. batch of' fuel:had been resident in the core long_enough to' assure that all the

FLIP fuel o'n hand was self-protecting.

n.

I

o,'

The top end boxes for the first shipment of fuel were delivered without the helical thread inserts installed. The inserts were~ procured locally and installed in our machine shop so -that fuel assembly and initial operation could take place as scheduled. Two of the bottom end boxes in the second shipment of fuel (for bundles 57 and 59) were unusable because the holes into which the elements are threaded did not have parallel axes. The non-parallel axes caused interference between the fuel elements which would not allow the elements to seat properly at the end box when using the torque spect fled by our fuel assembly procedure.

General Atomic was contacted and replacement end boxes were received in November so that the fuel could be assembled properly.

Fortunately, however, there was enough FLIP fuel on hand to complete the loading of an all FLIP core.

Original plans were to have 25 bundles of FLIP fuel in the core plus two spare bundles plus two spare instrumented elements on hand. Therefore, the total inventory of FLIP fuel on hand is twenty-six 4-element bundles one 3-element bun-die containing a transient control rod guide tube, and two spare individual in-strumented elements, for a total of 109 FLIP individual elements.

C.

LAST OPERATION OF CORE LOADING G25-R10 (15 FLIP bundles and 10 Standard bun-dles)

~~

Core G25-R10 was last operated on 14 June 1979. At that time, total opera-ting statistics were:

Item G25-R10 Core Total on TRIGA Cores Critical' Hours 696.95 7079.75 Megawatt Hours 383.82 5052.32 Pulses Fired 117 1361 Core Excess Reactivity 3.77%

0.

CRITICAL EXPERIMENT AND INITIAL OPERATION EF POWER All standard fuel was removed, inspected, measured, and stored in storage baskets that fit in the bottom of the pool.

The 15 FLIP fuel bundles that con-stituted the central portion of G25-R10 loading were left in place.

On 15 June 1979, loading of new FLIP fuel began.

Initial criticality was reached with 18 fuel bundles at 1432 on 15 June 1979.

Excess reactivity of this core was 0.077% reactivity with a shutdown margin of 7.5% reactivity.

The remaining 3 FLIP bundles on hand were loaded to constitute an all FLIP core designated H21-R10. H21-R10 is essentially a 5x5 array of fuel with the four corner positions vacant. This core had an excess reactivity of about 3% reacti-vity with a measured shutdown margin of 4.5% reactivity. With the most reactive control blade (#3) and the regulating blade full out, shutdown margin was 1.5% re-activity and, thus, this core met technical specification requirements.

The transient control rod was measured to be worth 1.5% on 18 June 1979, and the drive was shimmed out 0.25 inches to reduce the transient control rod worth to 1.38% reactivity.

Power calibrations and full power runs were then begun in i

d

R Y ; order to bring the fuel. to self-protecting levels. - This core was not evaluated for pulsing operations since it was not intended as a'lo'ng-term operational core.

A.

number. of.' power calibrations were made as -the calibration shifted due.to flux dis-tribution changes' while the new fuel was initially exposed. As with previous cores,-

we: noticed gradual changes in power calibration until a pulsing operation had floosened clad to give a more stable fuel temperature distribution.

Core H21-R10 was operated until 30. July 1979 when 'the operating statistics were as shown in the. table below:

Item-

.H21-R10 Core Total on TRIGA Cores

Critical Hours 96.03 7175.78 Megawatt Hours 87.46-5139.78 Pulses 0

1361 E.

LOADING H OPERATIONAL CORE

'On 31 July 1979. loading to the_ operational core was begun. The planned core, H25-R10, was identical. to the previous operational core (G25-R10) except~ that all fuel would be FLIP fuel; Loading from-H21-R10 to H25-R10 was done in three steps with excess reactivity estimated and shutdown margin measured 'at'each step.

Core H25-R10 had an excess reactivity of about 5.1% reactivity with a measured shutdown margin of 2.45% with 3 whale tubes and the porpoise tube in place. These experimental facilities were removed and shutdown margin was measured to be 2.2%

reactivity; indicating a worth of -0.25%for these four experimental -facilities.

The transient rod worth was measured to be 1.37%. Further tests indicated that

~

technical specifications for shutdown margin with the most reactive control element and the ' regulating blade full out could not be met for this core.

All reflector elements were removed increasing the shutdown margin to 3.67%.

Further measurements -were made on the 25 bundle core with no graphite reflectors (core H25) to yield the following measured characteristics:

i H25 Core and Variants Item Reactivity Worth - %_ g

.#1 Control Blade.

1.99%

2. Control Blade 1.76%

J#3 Control Blade-2.66%

Regulating Blade -

0.40%

I

- Transient Control Rod :

1.39% *

[

Shutdown Margin (Reg _ Blade Out) 3.10%

. Approximate-Excess Reactivity-4.20%

-Worth of Corner Fuel -Bundles '(each).

+ 0.42%~

Worth.of fuel Bundle in D7 or D3

'O.97%

Add 10 -Reflector Elements. in A-and G Rows

+ 0.90%

_..d

s Although the shutdown margin was considerably greater than the. worth of #3 control blade, the flux shape change occurring with'the regulating blade out and

3 control blade full out, if the next control element withdrawn is the transient control rod, makes the stuck rod shutdown margin only 0.15% p instead of the re-quired minimum of 0.2% p stated in the technical specifications.

It is, therefore, not possible to use H25 as an operational core.

Considerations involved in selecting the operational core are as follows:

1.

The core should be as symmetrical as possible for ease in calculations and to equalize control blade worth.

2.

It is preferable to have graphite reflectors in the A and G rows to couple flux into the thermal column (for the linear power detectors) and the pneumatic tube (for irradiations).

3.

In view of the license-limit on SNM which is not self-protecting and be-cause of uncertainties involved in the " Upgrade Rule", it is desirable to have as little fuel as possible that is not self-protecting since we have, as part of our inventory,10 FLIP elements intended as spares if we run a 25 bundle core. The option of taking the 4 corner bundles off and using this for the operational core would give an unf rradiated total of 26 individual fuel elements or 3.2 kg of 70% enriched fuel that would always be non-sel f-protecting.

For this reason, a 21 bundle core was very undesira ble.

4.

It is desirable to maximize the thermal neutron flux available for irra-diations and to minimize the reactivity worth of samples undergoing f r-radiation when this can be accomplished.

5.

The core, of course, must meet all technical specification requirements, including no vacant lattice positions except on the periphery of the core.

6.

Finally, it is desirable that any instructional experiments, such as Cri-tical Experiment, be performed with as little disturbance of experimental facilities and instrumented fuel elements as possible. Since the Critical Experiment is performed often, both as part of the NE 428 sequence and in utility operator training programs, it is desirable to have a core which can be unloaded to a substantially subcritical configur tion and reloaded to critical without any manipulation of whale tubes, porpoise tube, source holder, or the instrumented elements and their hold downs.

The above considerations led to selection of a 5x5 array of fuel bundles with the center bundle on two sides removed and with graphite reflectors on the other two sides. This core was designated 123-R10.

F.

I SERIES-CORE TESTING A diagram of Core I23-R10 is shown in Figure 1.

The two vacant fuel bundle positions on the periphery of the core (positions 03 and 07) were expected to yield intense thermal neutron fluxes for irradiation. Checkout of core I23-R10 continued with measurement of reactivity worth, fuel temperatures, fluxes, and pulsing charac-teristics. Unfortunately, the requirements for maintaining the fuel self-protecting

s interfered with carrying out a core test program in the usual manner. The core test program extended through the beginning of the~ fall semester and into the rela-tively heavily scheduled use of the reactor for training purposes.

Several. variants on the basic 23 bundle core were investigated and information developed on several of these cores is included in subsequent parts of this report.

Available thermal neutron fluxes in the vacant positionson two sides.of the core were, indeed, quite high as expected (up to 1.4x1013ny). Unforcunately, gold cadmium ratios in these areas were.quite low (as low as 1.9).

Gamma ray and neutron heating were quite intense resulting in rapid damage to polyethylene sample contain-ers. This is undesirable since most sample irradiations at the facility are in sup-port of instrumental neutron ' activation analysis, and samples are counted in the same container in which they were. irradiated. Sample container swelling and defor-mation as a result of heating and radiation damage prevent proper operation of the automatic sample changer. Finally, samples irradiated in the D3 and D7 water gaps could have large : reactivity effects on reactor operation, which is also undesirable.

In order to improve the core performance in view of these problems, a number of core variations were made in order.to optimize irradiation positions. The cores are all based on the 123-R10 arrangement (Figure 1). Core 123-R12 (Figure 2) dif-fers by addition of graphite reflector elements in positions D3 and D7 with whale tubes (hydraulic irradiation fecilities) shifted out one row from their location in I23-R10. Cores I23-R14 'and -R16 have additional graphite reflectors, located in po-sitions C8, E8, and/or C2 and E2. Table 2 presents measured neutron fluxes in the several cores checked, while Table 3 indicates the reactivity worth of various types of samples.in cores I23-R10 and -R12.

Based primarily on the results on the flux and reactivity measurements, the final operational core selected was I23-R12.

Graphs and data are given in the remainder of this report for both 123-R10, and -R12, with some supplemental information for other core variations.

Fuel ele-ment. temperature distributions and a comparison with calculated values are given only for core 123-R10. Flux mapping within the active lattice of the core was also completed.on the -R10 core.

Since the two cores are substantially similar, differing only in the presence

.cf graphite reflectors in positions D3 and D7, the flux distributions would appear to be quite similar. A comparison of the characteristics in Table 1, however, shows that addition of the graphite reflectors in place of the water gaps, decreased the prompt neutron lifetime slightly yielding larger pulses for the same reactivity input, while control blade worths and excess reactivity were also increased by flux shift resulting from the' presence of the reflectors.

Despite the potential for. confusion, graphs in the remainder of the report are grouped by parameter indicated-rather than by core arrangement.

This technique is used because some curves ~are applicable to more than one core loading.

G PRESENTATION AND EXPLANATION OF, CURVES Figures 3.through 15 are reactivity worth curves for individual control ele-ments.in the several cores, while Figures 16 and 17 are operational control element bank. worth curves used for excess. reactivity and reactivity effect measurements.

o, s Addition of graphite reflector elements quite evidently shifted flux into the control blade shrouds giving increased worth for control blades with little change in transient rod worth.. As shown in Figure 18, however, the loss of reactivity with power level was the same for both the -RIO and -Rl2 variations of the I core. Also evident in Figure 18 is the linear shape of the power defect curve due to the variable temperature coefficient of reactivity. Comparing this figure to Figures 19 through 22, one notes that the plots of temperature versus power level show a decrease in slope as power level and fuel temperature increase as the meat expands toward the clad and increases the heat transfer. This, coupled with the variable t%'perature coefficient, results in an almost linear increase in power defect with power level over most of the operating range. The curves showing fuel temperature variations exhibit unusual behavior on indications of the bottom thermocouple in fuel bundle #41.- This is due to a previously noted partial short circuit of this thermocouple to ground, which makes it read intermittently correct but usually lower than the actual fuel tenperature.

Table 4 supplies information on power distribution in the core. The values of kw per element and predicted fuel temperature are from two dimensional diffusion theory computer runs with temperature predictions based on measured response of the instrumented elements in previous cores. Note that the two instrumented ele-ments give markedly different responses when the elements are interchanged.

It is likely that non-instrumented elements also have large differences ia internal temperature for the same power density. Measurements of fuel temperatures in all representative positions of the core were made only in core I23-R10.

Figures 23 through 33 present flux shape information as measured by a minta-ture fission cha'mber in the spaces available for such measurements in one quarter of the core. No attempt was made to convert these data to actual thermal neutron

fluxes, Figures 34 and 35 present curves for initial power reached for square wave Operation. Although square wave operation is not routinely used for irradiations, it has proved useful in demonstrations and training sessions on reactor kinetic behavior.

Figures 36 through 40 show pulsing performance of the all FLIP core compared to all previous cores used at Wisconsin and data from the TRIGA Prototype. As ex-pected, Figure 38 and 39 indicate quite similar behavior for all cores, while Figures 36, 37, and 40 show changes due to the reduction in prompt neutron life-time in the FLIP regions. There are slight differences between the R-10 and R-12 cores due to the slight differences in prompt neutron lifetime, but none of the behavior is unexpected. The non-linearity indicated in Figure 36, particularly on inverse period versus prompt reactivity insertion, is also due to the shorter neutron lifetime. When the response was observed, an extra galvanometer in the fast recorder was connected to indicate when the transient control rod began to move and when it reached its fired position relative to the time at which the pulse began. The fast recorder has three power level indications, one of which is calibrated at 250 MW per inch; the other two which are amplifled traces are used to obtain period information for pulsing operation.

For the 1.39% pulse, the transient control rod was not full out until 20 miliseconds after the priod traces went offscale.

In fact, the pulse had reached about 12% of its final height before the transient rod impacted on the shock absorber.

For 1.35% pulses,

the transient rod was full out by the time the period traces began. These investi-

-gations (on pulses 1384 through 1388) also showed that the transient rod does bounce a bit about 50 miliseconds after it hits the shock absorber, but it is also poss-ible that the indication of a bounce is due to the unusual way in which the micro-switch senses shock absorber. position.

o,

, Figures 41' through 44 also present pulse behavior information in the format used for normal -operation where-pulse-peak power and energy' release are plotted versus reactivity insertion.

-H.

' REACTIVITY EFFECTS O_F_ EXPERIMENTAL FACILITIES AND SAMPLES

. The reactivity effect of loading 3 whales and the porpoise is negative and

- does not exceed an absolute value of 0:3%_ reactivity. _The data previously pre-sented in. Table 2 indica'tes that. changing samples in core I23-R12 experimental facilities during full power operation can be adequately controlled by power co-efficient and the automatic control system.

In loading I23-R10, a cadmium sample would have a large enough effect on reactivity to cause a reactor trip upon re-turn of a whale. sample' abruptly, although the operation of the whale tube is such that samples move very slowly when returned, and the reactivity change associated with it could be controlled by the automatic control system. The reactivity ef-fect-of samples was considered as one of the criteria under which the -R12 core was selectea.

I.

REACTIVITY CHANGE WITH BURNUP Figure 45 presents the reactivity history of all TRIGA cores at UWNR to date.

We expect only minor shifts in core reactivity for the next few months since most of the fuel presently in the core has been irradiated for several MW days during the period of. time between the two fuel shipments. The initial, abrupt change in core excess reactivity that was observed when the -first 9. FLIP fuel bundles were loaded, has_ not occurred on ' subsequent cores, and an examination of the slope of the curves for the all FLIP cores indicates that the fuel lifetime will, indeed, be considerably increased over that of the Standard TRIGA fuel.

J.

CONCLUSIONS l

The core presently in use as the operational loading (I23-R12) meets all tech-nical specification and operational requi~ ements and is expected to remain the stan-r dard core for a long period of time unless the experimental program at the labora-tory changes.

Should higher neutron fluxes be essential for specific sample irra -

.diations, they can be obtained with loading I23-R10 at the expense of the capabi-lity of providing routine irradiations in polyethylene encapsulation, and at the expense of considerably more radiation damage to sample material and considerably increased sample heating during irradiation.

I f

i

TABL'E 1

~ Reactivity - %_p VALUE IN-VALUE IN

' PARAMETER I23-R10 123-R12 Excess Reactivity 3.16 3.80 Shutdown Margin 5.10 4.90

-Worth, Blade-#1 1.90 2.01

.#2 1,77 1.91

3 2.25-2.52

Reg. Blade 0.389 0.404

. Transietn Rod 1.39 1.39 Power Defect at 1 MW l.50 1.50

- Fuel Temperatures - *C at Full Power F41 244 241 P~

F42 453 432 Pulse Characteristics for 1.39% p pulse Peak Power.

950 1140 Full Width at H' lf Maximum -msec 12.8 12.0-s-

a Period - msec-3.6 3.4 Integrated Power - MW sec 13.9 17.2 Prompt Neutron Flux - seconds 23x10-6 22x10-6 i

r 4

a 1

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p

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TABLE 2

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FLUX MEASUREMENT SutHARY 123-R10 13 14 -

Facility &

9 Total Scd 9th Red 9 Fast (Fission)

Condition (ny)

(ny)

(GoldCad-(ny) mium Ratio)

Pneumatic Tube

^

12 5.53E12 1.39E12 4.14E12 3.98 1.17x10 Porpoise Tube E2-No Graphite.

1.5E13 5.8E12 9.35E12 2.64 E2-Graphite in 03 1.98E13 6.45E12 1.34E13 3.10 El-Graphite in D3, C2, E2 8.78E12 2.18E12 6.60E12 4.03 Whale C C2-No 5'raphite 1.l E13 3.5E12 7.8E12 3.21 C2-Graphite in D3 1.56E13 4.00E12 1.16E13 3.91 3.09E12 Cl-Graphite in C2, D3, E2 0.63E13 1.l E12 5.3E12 5.70 1.06E12 Whale D. West D7 2.48E13 1.l E13 1.4 E13 2.25 E

D8-Graphite D7 1.78E13 0.687E13 1.09E13 2.59 3.36E12 08-Graphite in C8, D7, E8 1.95E13 7.20E12 1.23E13 2.70 Whale D-East D3 2.56E13 1.36E13 1.21E13 1.89

'D2-Graphite D3.

1.62E13 0.567E13 1.06E13 2.86 3.10E12 D2-Graphite.in C2, D3, E2 1.56E13 0.653E13 0.922E13 2.45 3.94E12 13 Note:

The term E13 is used for x10

._ /J

s.

~

TABLE 3 SAMPLE REACTIVITY WORTHS Core: Loading.

Facility / Location Sample Reactivity Worth 123-R10-Porpoise. Tube /C2 or E2 Void Negligible -

Cadmium Filled

-0.01 %

Whal e/03' _or ' D7 Void.

-0.01 %

Cadmium Filled

-0.269%

Rabbit Tube-H 0 Filled

+0.006%

C!dmiumFilled

-0.003%

123-R12-Porpoise Tube /E2 Void Ne'gligible Cadmium Filled

-0.011 %.

Whale /D2 Void

-0.016 %

Cadmium Filled

-0.085%.

Whale /D8 Void

-0.026%

Cadmium F_illed

-0.100%

Whale /C2 Void

-0.008%

Cadmium Filled

-0.060%

Rabbit Tube

. H,0 Filled

+0.006%

' Cadmium' Filled

-0.006%

i e

w 4

p.

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TABLE 4

-CORE LOADING F25-R10 TEMPERATURES AT FULL POWER KW in Predicted Temp.

41

42 Core Position Element

(#42)*C Bot Ctr Top Bot Ctr.

Top D5 NE 16.0 490 Can't Measure NW 14.9 470 Can't Measure SW 16.0 490 Can't = Measure E5 NE 15.5 480 365 382 353 NW 14.4 460 SW 14.6 465 SE 14.6 465 340 362 338 E4 NE 11.9 415 300 31 5 295 NW 13.6 442 334' 350 328 SW 13.7 450 330 350 326 SE 12.1 420 305 325 305 D4 SW 15.2 475 390 405 380 492 432 407 SE 15.1 470 426 380 343 E3 NE 14.2 455 277 259 375 337 300 NW 12.2 420 275 290 270 SW 9.9 385 275 285 265 SE 10.6 395 241 224 F5 NE 11.6 415 450 400 350 SE 7.9 345 341 301 268 F4 NE 9.8 380 410 362 325 NW 11.0 405 442 395 352 SW 7.5 340 340 300 270 SE 6.8 325 305 270 240 F3 NE 8.7 360 31 8 282 241 NW 8.1 345 362 320 280 SW 5.9 300 220 245 280 SE 6.7 325 242 220 198

.,_i,

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.-o FIGURE 1 uwnR 143A (original)

RSC Approval 5/11/76 s

MAY 2 51979 DATE 8/3/79 CORE BEAM BEAM PORT #3 PORT #4 LOADING I23-R10 D

A G

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8 C

D E

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F51 $ F43 REG. BLADE 0 389%AK/K s

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FIGURE 2 uwnR 143A (original)

RSC Approval 5/16/77 43.

M 25 W

'DATE:

11/1/79 CORE' BEAM

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PORT #3 PORT #4

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D A

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ML19330B515

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