ML18330A094
| ML18330A094 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | 07109342 |
| Issue date: | 03/31/2018 |
| From: | Daher-TLI |
| To: | Document Control Desk, Spent Fuel Licensing Branch |
| Shared Package | |
| ML18330A090 | List: |
| References | |
| LTR-20000-100-07 | |
| Download: ML18330A094 (63) | |
Text
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-i CONTENTS 3
THERMAL EVALUATION........................................................................................................ 3-1 3.1 Description of the Thermal Design......................................................................................... 3-2 3.1.1 Design Features........................................................................................................................................ 3-2 3.1.2 Contents Decay Heat.............................................................................................................................. 3-3 3.1.3 Summary Tables of Temperatures................................................................................................... 3-3 3.1.4 Summary Tables of Maximum Pressures...................................................................................... 3-5 3.2 Material Properties and Component Specifications......................................................... 3-6 3.2.1 Material Properties................................................................................................................................. 3-6 3.2.2 Component Specifications.................................................................................................................... 3-9 3.3 Thermal Evaluation for Normal Conditions of Transport (NCT)............................... 3-11 3.3.1 Heat and Cold........................................................................................................................................... 3-13 3.3.2 Maximum Normal Operating Pressure......................................................................................... 3-20 3.4 Thermal Evaluation for Hypothetical Accident Conditions (HAC)............................ 3-21 3.4.1 Initial Conditions.................................................................................................................................... 3-21 3.4.2 Fire Test Conditions.............................................................................................................................. 3-21 3.4.3 Maximum Temperatures and Pressure........................................................................................ 3-23 3.4.4 Maximum Thermal Stresses.............................................................................................................. 3-27 3.4.5 Accident Conditions for Fissile Material Packages for Air Transport............................. 3-27 3.5 Appendix....................................................................................................................................... 3-28 3.5.1 References................................................................................................................................................. 3-29 3.5.2 Thermal Analysis of 1S/2S UF6 Cylinders in the VP-55........................................................ 3-30 3.5.3 Supporting Classical Equations....................................................................................................... 3-47 3.5.4 Excerpted from Safety Analysis Report for the Century Champion Type B Package Thermal Test............................................................................................................................................ 3-52 3.5.5 Supplemental Thermal Evaluation of Package Contents...................................................... 3-56 3.5.6 Evaluation of Thermal Degradation of Packaging Material in Versa-Pac...................... 3-59 3.5.7 Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Piping Systems: A Comparison to Traditional Metallic Materials.................................................................................................................................. 3-60 TABLES TABLE 3-1 VERSA-PAC OVERALL AND THERMAL INSULATION DIMENSIONS....................................................................................... 3-3 TABLE 3-2 NCT STEADY STATE THERMAL EVALUATION RESULTS - STANDARD VERSA-PAC CONFIGURATION.......................... 3-4 TABLE 3-3 HAC TRANSIENT THERMAL EVALUATION RESULTS - STANDARD VERSA-PAC CONFIGURATION................................ 3-5 TABLE 3-4 THERMAL PROPERTIES OF ASTM A-36 CARBON STEEL.................................................................................................... 3-6 TABLE 3-5 THERMAL PROPERTIES OF SERIES 525 FIBERGLASS............................................................................................................ 3-7 TABLE 3-6 THERMAL PROPERTIES OF CERABLANKET (6 PCF)............................................................................................................... 3-7 TABLE 3-7 THERMAL PROPERTIES OF DRY AIR........................................................................................................................................ 3-8 TABLE 3-8 THERMAL PROPERTIES OF 12-PCF POLYURETHANE FOAM................................................................................................. 3-8 TABLE 3-9 THERMAL EMISSIVITY VALUES................................................................................................................................................. 3-9 TABLE 3-10 TEMPERATURE LIMITS......................................................................................................................................................... 3-10 TABLE 3-11
SUMMARY
OF NCT BOUNDARY CONDITIONS................................................................................................................... 3-12 TABLE 3-12 INSOLATION DATA................................................................................................................................................................ 3-13 TABLE 3-13 NCT STEADY STATE THERMAL EVALUATION RESULTS................................................................................................. 3-18 TABLE 3-14 HAC TRANSIENT THERMAL EVALUATION
SUMMARY
RESULTS.................................................................................... 3-24 TABLE 3-15
SUMMARY
OF BOUNDARY CONDITIONS............................................................................................................................. 3-31
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-ii TABLE 3-16 NCT STEADY STATE THERMAL EVALUATION RESULTS - 1S/2S UF6 CYLINDER VP-55 CONFIGURATION......... 3-32 TABLE 3-17 HAC TRANSIENT THERMAL EVALUATION RESULTS - 1S/2S UF6 CYLINDER VP-55 CONFIGURATION A............ 3-33 TABLE 3-18 THERMAL PROPERTIES OF POLYETHYLENE FOAM.......................................................................................................... 3-34 TABLE 3-19 NCT STEADY STATE THERMAL EVALUATION RESULTS................................................................................................. 3-37 TABLE 3-20 HAC TRANSIENT THERMAL EVALUATION
SUMMARY
RESULTS.................................................................................... 3-43 FIGURES FIGURE 3-1 VP-55 QUARTER SYMMETRY THERMAL MODEL................................................................................................................. 3-1 FIGURE 3-2 FINITE ELEMENT MODEL OF THE VP-55 QUARTER SYMMETRY MODEL..................................................................... 3-12 FIGURE 3-3 NCT BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR CASE I (HOT: INTERNAL WATTAGE + SOLAR INSOLATION)............................ 3-14 FIGURE 3-4 NCT BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR CASE II (HOT: INTERNAL WATTAGE + NO SOLAR INSOLATION)..................... 3-15 FIGURE 3-5 NCT BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR CASE III (COLD: INTERNAL WATTAGE + NO INSOLATION)............................. 3-16 FIGURE 3-6 NCT BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR CASE IV (COLD: NO INTERNAL WATTAGE + NO INSOLATION)....................... 3-17 FIGURE 3-7 NCT TEMPERATURE CONTOUR-CASE I (HOT: INTERNAL WATTAGE + SOLAR INSOLATION)................................... 3-18 FIGURE 3-8 NCT TEMPERATURE CONTOUR-CASE II (HOT: INTERNAL WATTAGE + NO INSOLATION)....................................... 3-19 FIGURE 3-9 NCT TEMPERATURE CONTOUR-CASE III (COLD: INTERNAL WATTAGE + NO INSOLATION)................................... 3-19 FIGURE 3-10 NCT TEMPERATURE CONTOUR-CASE IV (COLD: NO INTERNAL WATTAGE + NO INSOLATION).......................... 3-20 FIGURE 3-11 NCT RESULTS AS INITIAL CONDITIONS OF HAC............................................................................................................ 3-21 FIGURE 3-12 HAC FIRE BOUNDARY CONDITIONS................................................................................................................................. 3-22 FIGURE 3-13 HAC COOL-DOWN (POST-FIRE) BOUNDARY CONDITIONS.......................................................................................... 3-23 FIGURE 3-14 VP-55 HAC PACKAGE TEMPERATURE-TIME HISTORY PLOT.................................................................................... 3-24 FIGURE 3-15 VP-55 HAC CONTAINMENT TEMPERATURE-TIME HISTORY PLOT.......................................................................... 3-25 FIGURE 3-16 HAC THERMAL ANALYSIS OVERALL MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE CONTOUR (A-C)................................................... 3-26 FIGURE 3-17 HAC THERMAL ANALYSIS MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE CONTOURS AT SEVERAL TIMES (D-G)............................... 3-27 FIGURE 3-18 ANSI N14.1 1S CYLINDER................................................................................................................................................ 3-30 FIGURE 3-19 ANSI N14.1 2S CYLINDER................................................................................................................................................ 3-30 FIGURE 3-20 FINITE ELEMENT MODEL OF THE VERSA PACK QUARTER SYMMETRY MODEL........................................................ 3-35 FIGURE 3-21 NCT BOUNDARY CONDITIONS........................................................................................................................................... 3-36 FIGURE 3-22 NCT EVALUATION PACKAGE TEMPERATURE CONTOUR............................................................................................... 3-38 FIGURE 3-23 NCT TEMPERATURE CONTOUR. EXTERIOR SURFACE (LEFT) AND INTERIOR SURFACE (RIGHT).......................... 3-39 FIGURE 3-24 HAC FIRE INITIAL BODY TEMPERATURE........................................................................................................................ 3-40 FIGURE 3-25 HAC FIRE BOUNDARY CONDITIONS................................................................................................................................. 3-41 FIGURE 3-26 HAC POST FIRE COOL DOWN BOUNDARY CONDITIONS............................................................................................... 3-42 FIGURE 3-27 VP-55 1S/2S UF6 CYLINDERS - CONTAINMENT INNER SURFACE TEMP. WITH FOAM LINERS.......................... 3-43 FIGURE 3-28 VP-55 1S/2S UF6 CYLINDERS ENTIRE PACKAGE HAC TEMPERATURE HISTORY................................................. 3-44 FIGURE 3-29 VP-55 1S/2S UF6 CYLINDERS PACKAGE CONTAINMENT HAC TEMPERATURE HISTORY................................... 3-44 FIGURE 3-30 HAC THERMAL ANALYSIS MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE CONTOUR (A-D)..................................................................... 3-46 FIGURE 3-31 HAC THERMAL ANALYSIS PACKAGE MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE CONTOUR AT DIFFERENT TIMES (E-H)........... 3-46 FIGURE 3-32 CHAMPION PACKAGE ON TEST STAND - VIEW FROM THERMOCOUPLE SHIELDING TUBE...................................... 3-53 FIGURE 3-33 CHAMPION PACKAGE DURING THERMAL TESTING PHASE............................................................................................ 3-54 FIGURE 3-34 CHAMPION PACKAGE POST-THERMAL TEST................................................................................................................... 3-54
Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Docket No. 71-9342 Rev 10, November 2018 3-1 3 THERMAL EVALUATION This chapter documents the thermal performance of the Versa-Pac (Figure 3-1) during Normal Conditions of Transport (NCT) and Hypothetical Accident Conditions (HAC) per the requirements of 10 CFR 71.71 and 10 CFR 71.73, respectively [1]. The thermal analysis results show that the NCT maximum exterior surface temperature meets the non-exclusive use shipment requirement of 10 CFR 71 § 71.43(g). During HAC, the inner cavity stays below 600°F. Therefore, it can be predicted that the contents will remain in solid form because the radioactive content is a stable solid that does not undergo a change of state below 600°F. For the 1S/2S UF6 Cylinder configuration, the inner cavity temperature reaches a maximum temperature of 243°F during HAC, which is less than the 250°F limit established in Table 1 of ANSI N14.1 [2]. To transport 1S/2S cylinders, the inner cavity of the VP-55 must be lined with a minimum 2 inch (5.08 cm) thick polyethylene foam liner with a minimum foam density of 9 pcf (144 kg/m3).
Figure 3-1 VP-55 Quarter Symmetry Thermal Model
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-2 3.1 Description of the Thermal Design 3.1.1 Design Features The VP-55 Versa-Pac consists of a 10ga containment body, with payload cavity nominal dimensions of a 15 diameter and 23-1/8 height, centered within an insulated 55-gallon drum.
Detail drawings of the VP-55 are provided in the VP-55 licensing drawing in Appendix 1.4.1.
The nominal exterior dimensions of the assembled VP-55 are 23-3/16 diameter and 34-3/4 height. The payload cavity is protected from water intrusion with a gasketed lid that is closed with twelve 1/2 diameter bolts. Under the containment lid, there is a 3 thick polyurethane insulation plug for added thermal insulation. Exterior to the containment lid, the 55-gallon drum lid is modified with a 20ga steel encapsulated polyurethane insulation plug. The gasketed drum lid is closed with four 1/2 diameter bolts and a standard drum ring. A gasket at the drum lids stiffening ring provides a third barrier against water in-leakage. The 55-gallon drum is strengthened with four longitudinal stiffeners fabricated from 1-1/4 carbon steel square tubing equally spaced around the circumference of the drum. The outer and inner liners provide additional radial stiffness to the drum. A 1/2 thick fiberglass ring and fiberglass spacers are used as thermal breaks at the payload cavity flange. The thermal breaks are sandwiched between the steel components and effectively limit the flow of heat to the payload cavity through the steel flange components.
The volume between the inner liner and the 10ga containment body is filled with ceramic blanket insulation. Furthermore, the bottom of the containment body is insulated with polyurethane foam and the gap on the bottom, between the bottom reinforcing plate and the drum bottom, is filled with sheets of ceramic paper (Appendix 1.4.1).
The VP-110 consists of a 10ga containment body, with payload cavity nominal dimensions of 21 diameter and 29-3/4 height, centered within an insulated 110-gallon drum. Detail drawings of the VP-110 are provided in the VP-110 licensing drawing in Appendix 1.4.1. The nominal exterior dimensions of the assembled VP-110 package are 30-7/16 diameter and 42-3/4 height. The basic design of the VP-110 is identical to that of the 55-gallon Versa-Pac, except for the larger exterior dimensions and payload cavity dimensions. The thickness of the walls and insulation remain the same.
The Versa-Pac design allows for the use of two neoprene pads, a 1/8 bottom pad, and a 3/8 top pad. The pads serve the purpose of protecting the inner containment shell during repeated use.
The use of these pads is optional. The Versa-Pac overall and thermal insulating components dimensions are documented in Table 3-1 below.
As documented in this section, the basic design of the VP-110 is identical to that of the VP-55, except for the larger exterior diameter and payload cavity diameter. The thickness of the walls and insulation remain the same. Further, the payload heat decay in the VP-110 model is the same as that of the VP-55. However, because VP-110 is larger in size, the volumetric decay heat load is less than that of VP-55. Therefore, the VP-55 analysis bounds the VP-110.
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-3 Table 3-1 Versa-Pac Overall and Thermal Insulation Dimensions Part Name Stock Number VP-55 VP-110 Payload Cavity Nominal N/A 15 ID x 23-1/8 21 ID x 29-3/4 Package Exterior Nominal N/A 23-3/16OD x 34-3/4 30-7/16OD x 42-3/4 Ceramic Blanket Insulation IA 1-1/2 - 2 thick 1-1/2 - 2 thick Fiberglass Ring IE 1/2 thick 1/2 thick Fiberglass Spacers IF 1/2 thick 1/2 thick Plug Insulator-Drum Lid IC 19 Dia. x 2-5/16 thick 26-4/8 Dia. x 3-7/16 thick Air Gap Above Containment Lid N/A 5/8 1
Containment Insulation Plug IG 14-7/8 Dia. x 3 thick 20-7/8 Dia. x 3 thick Plug Insulator-Bottom Body IB 2-3/4 thick 2-3/8 thick Ceramic Paper ID 1/8-thick sheets (at least one sheet) 1/8 thick sheets (at least one sheet)
Reference:
Appendix 1.4.1 3.1.2 Contents Decay Heat The decay heat for the payload is limited to 11.4 W total for the VP-55 and VP-110, with no single item having a decay heat greater than 20 W/m3.
3.1.3 Summary Tables of Temperatures 3.1.3.1 NCT Temperature Summary Per the requirements of 10 CFR 71.71(c)(1), the Versa-Pac standard configuration and the VP-55 1S/2S UF6 cylinder configuration are evaluated for Normal Conditions of Transport. This includes a steady-state thermal analysis simulating exposure to a 100°F ambient temperature in still air and insolation as specified in Table 3-12. The temperatures of key components are summarized in Table 3-2 for the standard configuration, with the full NCT results in Section 3.3.
Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Docket No. 71-9342 Rev 10, November 2018 3-4 Table 3-2 NCT Steady State Thermal Evaluation Results - Standard Versa-Pac Configuration Component Part Number Temperature
(°F)
Maximum Allowable Temperature (°F)
Containment body PA 147 Containment end plate PB 148 Containment insulation plug IG 176 270 Gasket GB 143 500 Containment lid (Blind flange)
PD 143 Drum lid DL 154 Drum lid gasket GA 145 Drum DA 144 Package surface DA/DL 154 Air Volume N/A 232 600 3.1.3.2 HAC Temperature Summary The Versa-Pac must survive the HAC thermal analysis such that containment is maintained and the structural integrity is sufficient for the criticality control credited in Section 6. The temperatures of key components are summarized in Table 3-3 for the standard configuration and in Table 3-17 for the 1S/2S UF6 cylinder configuration. The full HAC results are presented in Section 3.4.
As shown in Table 3-3, the HAC fire does not adversely affect the Versa-Pacs structural or containment configurations. The Inner Cavity Air Volume remains below 600°F for the Versa-Pac standard configuration. For the 1S/2S UF6 cylinder configuration results as shown in Table 3-17, the foam liner surface temperature remains below the maximum UF6 cylinder temperature of 250°F, as stated in Table 1 of ANSI N14.1-2012.
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-5 Table 3-3 HAC Transient Thermal Evaluation Results - Standard Versa-Pac Configuration Component Part Number Results Maximum Allowable Temperature
(°F)
Temperature
(°F)
Time Hr. (Sec.)
Air volume max.
398 2.7 (9721.2) 600 Air volume ave.
349 2.7 (9721.2) 600 Containment plug bottom surface IG 429 1.23 (4442.4) 600 Containment cavity surface N/A 386 1.23 (4442.4) 600 Containment lid (Blind flange)
PD 400 1.23 (4442.4) 2600 Containment body PA 430 1.23 (4442.4) 2600 Gasket GB 492 0.5 (1803) 1000 Inner flange PH 498 0.5 (1803) 2600 Drum lid DL 1456 0.5 (1802) 2600 Drum DA 1460 0.5 (1802) 2600 3.1.4 Summary Tables of Maximum Pressures Since the Versa-Pac is not a sealed system, the maximum normal and HAC operating pressure is near atmospheric pressure. Thus, the Versa-Pac meets the requirements of 10 CFR 71 [1].
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-6 3.2 Material Properties and Component Specifications 3.2.1 Material Properties The thermal properties for the Versa-Pac are presented in the following subsections. When available, temperature-dependent properties were used in the analyses. These properties are listed for both the materials of construction of the Versa-Pac and the air fill gas in the inner cavity.
3.2.1.1 ASTM A-36 Carbon Steel The steel of the Versa-Pac is modeled as ASTM A-36 carbon steel with the temperature-dependent thermal conductivities, thermal diffusivities, and specific heats as listed in Table 3-4.
Table 3-4 Thermal Properties of ASTM A-36 Carbon Steel Temperature
(°F) 1 Density (lbm/ft3)
Thermal Conductivity (BTU/hr*ft*°F)
Thermal Diffusivity (ft2/hr)
Specific Heat 2 (BTU/lbm*°F) 70 483.84 34.9 0.700 0.103 100 34.7 0.676 0.106 250 33.0 0.585 0.117 300 32.3 0.560 0.119 500 29.4 0.474 0.128 700 26.6 0.394 0.140 900 23.8 0.318 0.155 1000 22.4 0.283 0.164 1500 15.5 0.166 0.193
Reference:
[3] Density: Table PRD, Carbon steels, Page 744.
[3] Thermal Properties: Table TCD, Material Group A - Plain Carbon, Page 726.
Note: 1 See Assumption 5.2.1.b regarding this gap in temperature data.
2 Specific Heat calculated using the following formula: SH = TC/*TD.
3.2.1.2 Series 525 Fiberglass This fiberglass component is used to provide thermal break. The material consists of a glass fiber reinforced polyester or vinyl ester resin matrix with glass reinforcements. The thermal properties of this fiberglass are documented in Table 3-5. Because the density is provided with a tolerance band, the highest value is conservatively used in this thermal analysis.
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-7 Table 3-5 Thermal Properties of Series 525 Fiberglass Temperature
(°F)
Density (lbm/in3)
Thermal Conductivity (BTU*in/hr*ft2*°F) 75 0.062 - 0.070 4.0
Reference:
Appendix 1.4.5: Density and Thermal Conductivity.
3.2.1.3 Cerablanket Cerablanket is used as an insulating material with material properties as documented in Table 3-6. As documented in Section 1.4.4, the Cerablanket can be either 6 pcf or 8 pcf. Because the thermal conductivity of Cerablanket decreases as density increases (Appendix 1.4.4), the 6 pcf is assumed to let more heat into the package during hypothetical fire accident. Therefore, the 6 pcf foam is conservatively used in this analysis.
Table 3-6 Thermal Properties of Cerablanket (6 pcf)
Temperature Density Thermal Conductivity Specific Heat
°F lbm/ft3 BTU*in/(hr*ft2*°F)
W/(m*k)
J/(kg*K)
BTU/lbm*°F 75 6.0 0.47 0.07 1130 0.270 500 0.47 0.07 1000 1.06 0.15 1500 1.90 0.27
Reference:
Appendix 1.4.4: Density and Thermal Conductivity.
[4] Specific Heat: Blanket Products Table, Cerablanket @1090°C.
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-8 3.2.1.4 Dry Air The inner cavity fluid is modeled as dry air. No convection is modeled in this analysis, only conduction. The dry air properties are documented in Table 3-7.
Table 3-7 Thermal Properties of Dry Air Temperature Density Thermal Conductivity Specific Heat K
°F kg/m³ lbm/ft³ W/(m*K)
BTU*in/
hr*ft2*°F J/(kg*K)
BTU/
lbm*°F 300 80 1.1614 7.250E-02 0.0263 0.182 1007 0.241 350 170 0.995 6.212E-02 0.03 0.208 1009 0.241 400 260 0.8711 5.438E-02 0.0338 0.234 1014 0.242 450 350 0.774 4.832E-02 0.0373 0.259 1021 0.244 550 530 0.6329 3.951E-02 0.0439 0.304 1040 0.248 650 710 0.5356 3.344E-02 0.0497 0.345 1063 0.254 750 890 0.4643 2.899E-02 0.0549 0.381 1087 0.260 850 1070 0.4097 2.558E-02 0.0596 0.413 1110 0.265 950 1250 0.3666 2.289E-02 0.0643 0.446 1131 0.270 1100 1520 0.3166 1.977E-02 0.0715 0.496 1159 0.277
Reference:
[5] Thermal Properties: Table A.4, Air, Page 995.
3.2.1.5 Polyurethane Foam Polyurethane foam is also used in providing thermal insulation. As specified in Appendix 1.4.3, the densities of the foam can range from 5 pcf to 11 pcf. Because thermal conductivity of the polyurethane foam increases with density [6], 12 pcf foam is conservatively used in this analysis.
The properties are documented in Table 3-8.
Table 3-8 Thermal Properties of 12-pcf Polyurethane Foam Temperature
(°F)
Density (lbm/ft3)
Thermal Conductivity (BTU*in/hr*ft2*°F) [W/(m*k)]
Specific Heat (BTU/lbm*°F) 75 (24°C) 12.0 0.274 [0.04]
0.353
Reference:
Appendix 1.4.3: Thermal Conductivity.
[6] Density and Specific Heat: FR-3712 Rigid Polyurethane Foam (12 pcf).
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-9 3.2.1.6 Gasket Materials Gasket materials are not credited for thermal insulation and their properties are not explicitly modeled in this calculation. Because the gaskets will attain the temperature of the material around them, properties of the surrounding steel are used in this analysis.
3.2.1.7 Thermal Emissivity A painted surface is considered for NCT and pre-fire conditions. Fire and post-fire emissivity values are as provided in regulatory handbooks. All emissivity values and references are documented in Table 3-9.
Table 3-9 Thermal Emissivity Values Surface Condition Emissivity NCT HAC (Fire)
HAC (Post Fire)
Painted surface 0.9 Painted surface (0.9)
Fire (0.9)
Oxidized Steel (0.8)
Fire 0.9 Oxidized Steel 0.8
Reference:
[1] Emissivity HAC fire and post-fire, 10 CFR 71.73(c)(4)
[7] Emissivity of painted surface Black glass paint 3.2.2 Component Specifications The Versa-Pac is insulated to protect the containment boundary during Hypothetical Accident Conditions (HAC). The drum and the liner are separated by air gaps except at the locations of the vertical and horizontal stiffeners. The volume between the liner and the payload canister is filled with ceramic blanket insulation. A fiberglass thermal break is used to limit the flow of heat to the payload cavity through the steel flange components. The relevant thermal material properties are provided in Section 3.2.1 above.
These insulators have been shown by the manufacturers to perform adequately over extended periods of time, with no shrinkage, settling, or loss of insulating properties. Additionally, these insulators do not burn. The melting point of the ceramic blanket insulation and the fiberglass thermal break are well above the temperature of the 1475°F fire specified by 10 CFR 71.73.
These insulation products are provided as fire-protection and are sacrificial components during a fire event. Steel components are serviceable to 800°F per the ASME Code, and have a melting point of about 2500°F.
The payload cavity gaskets are rated for operating temperatures between -40F and 1800°F; however, the Versa-Pac is not designed as a sealed system and the function of the gaskets is to prevent dispersal of the contents only. Since the system is not sealed, the internal pressure is maintained near atmospheric conditions during all conditions of transport.
The Versa-Pac design allows for the use of two neoprene pads: a 1/8-inch bottom pad, and a 3/8-inch top pad. The pads serve the purpose of protecting the inner containment shell during
Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Docket No. 71-9342 Rev 10, November 2018 3-10 repeated use. As the use of these pads is optional, the neoprene material is not included in the thermal model. The flash point available in open literature for neoprene is approximately 500°F.
Since the internal temperature of the containment vessel has been shown not to exceed 400°F, the inclusion of neoprene does not increase the thermal load of the package.
Thermal design criteria are specified for separate regions throughout the Versa-Pac shipping package. Each region is limited to the temperature specified in Table 3-10. This table presents the maximum design temperatures of the components or materials that affect structural integrity, containment, and criticality control. Where available, temperature limits for the Versa-Pac components are obtained from manufacturers literature. Otherwise, the component temperature limits are defined as the melting temperature of the material of construction. NCT limits generally reflect the upper temperature limit listed for retention of structural integrity, continuous load ratings, or the maximum allowable temperature of the contents. HAC limits generally reflect melting temperatures, short-term (transient) material temperature limits, or the maximum allowable temperature of the contents.
Table 3-10 Temperature Limits Component or Material NCT Temperature Limit
(°F)
HAC Temperature Limit
(°F)
-- a 2600 525 Fiberglass b 150 1800 Cerablanket (6 pcf) 2150 2400 Polyurethane Foam (Containment insulation plug) 270 2000 c High Temp., Heat Resistant, Silicone-Coated Fiberglass Gasket 500 1000 Inner Cavity - Standard and High Capacity Configurations 600 d 600 d Inner Cavity - 1S/2S UF6 Cylinder Configuration 250 250 Accessible Surfaces of Package 122 e
References:
[8] 525 Fiberglass, Carbon steel melting temperature: See Appendix 3.5.7.
[4] Cerablanket: Continuous use and Classification temperature rating, Page 16.
[6] Polyurethane Foam NCT Temp. Limit: Glass Transition.
[2] 1S/2S Inner Cavity Limit: Table 1 of ANSI N14.1-2012.
[1] Accessible Surfaces of Package: Non-exclusive use requirements per 10 CFR 71.43(g).
Notes:
a Carbon steel is not expected to have a significant loss of thermal properties during NCT.
b For NCT, 150°F is the temperature at which most FRPs begin to decompose. Some more specialized FRPs will begin decomposing at higher temperatures. For HAC, the reference states that, it is not uncommon for a fire retardant FRP product to be able to withstand a hydrocarbon fire at temperatures up to 1800°F for 30 minutes.
c In Reference [9], 2000+°F is the temperature at which the foams intumescent char will begin to decompose. This char, consisting of burned foam, serves as a secondary, insulating barrier for the remainder of the foam in a fire event.
d 600°F is the temperature limit specified for these configurations of the Versa-Pac.
e Based on 10CFR71.43(g) non-exclusive use limit, only applies for case in the shade (no solar insolation).
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-11 3.3 Thermal Evaluation for Normal Conditions of Transport (NCT)
The thermal performance of the Versa-Pac is analyzed for NCT by performing a steady-state heat transfer analysis on a finite element representation of the package. The general-purpose finite-element code ANSYS 17.1 is used to model and analyze the VP-55. In addition, supporting classical equations are documented in Appendix 3.5.3.
The bounding NCT case has a uniform heat flux is applied using steady state thermal analysis by exposing the package to a 38°C (100°F) ambient temperature and insolation as specified in Table 3-12. The results of the analysis are presented in Section 3.3.1, which includes the temperatures of the key package components.
Finite Element Model Because the VP-55 package is axially symmetrical, a quarter symmetry model of the package is used in this analysis. ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL) is used to generate the Finite Element Model of the package. A combination of SOLID70, CONTA173, and TARGE170 element types are used to simulate the heat flow.
The SOLID70 is a 3D, 8-node, single degree-of-freedom (DOF) thermal solid element. It is used to model heat flow through the solid and gaseous regions of the package via conduction heat transfer. Internal heat generation is applied to the SOLID70 elements of the interior air body and solar insolation and radiation are applied to the area faces of the exterior SOLID70 elements.
The CONTA173/TARGE170 pairs are 3D, 4-node, surface-to-surface contact elements that are overlaid onto area faces of the SOLID70 elements and are used to model heat flow across interfaces between contacting components or across interfaces between dissimilar meshes.
Bonded contact (perfect contact) is used to provide high thermal contact conductance.
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-12 Figure 3-2 Finite Element Model of the VP-55 Quarter Symmetry Model Boundary Conditions The boundary conditions for all cases are listed in Table 3-11. Four NCT cases were analyzed simulating different combinations of ambient temperature, solar insolation, and internal heat generation to determine the bounding configuration. The four cases and their boundary conditions are also visualized in Figure 3-3 to Figure 3-6. The insolation modeled is per 10 CFR 71.71(c)(1) and is listed in Table 3-12.
Table 3-11 Summary of NCT Boundary Conditions Case Ambient Temperature Solar Insolation Convection Emissivity Internal Heat Generation Case I 100°F Yes Natural Surface Paint (0.9) 11.4 W Case II 100°F No Natural Surface Paint (0.9) 11.4 W Case III
-40°F No Natural Surface Paint (0.9) 11.4 W Case IV
-40°F No Natural Surface Paint (0.9) 0 W
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-13 Table 3-12 Insolation Data Form and location of surface Total Insolation for a 12-hour Period (g cal/cm2)
Flat surfaces transported horizontally; Base None Other Surfaces 800 Flat surfaces not transported horizontally 200 Curved surfaces 400 3.3.1 Heat and Cold Regulations require testing the package for 12 hours1.388889e-4 days <br />0.00333 hours <br />1.984127e-5 weeks <br />4.566e-6 months <br /> of solar heating and 12 hours1.388889e-4 days <br />0.00333 hours <br />1.984127e-5 weeks <br />4.566e-6 months <br /> of shade conditions during NCT. This requires a transient thermal analysis. However, it can be simplified by calculating a uniform heat flux and using steady state analysis. The heat flux is calculated by distributing the given 12 hours1.388889e-4 days <br />0.00333 hours <br />1.984127e-5 weeks <br />4.566e-6 months <br /> total insolation value over 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> period as stated in Thermal modeling of packages for normal conditions of transport with insolation in para. 657.3 of SSR-6
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Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-14 Ambient Temperature:
37.7°C Figure 3-3 NCT Boundary Conditions for CASE I (Hot: Internal wattage + Solar insolation)
Solar Insolation:
193.7 K
L(
Convection:
5 K
(L(*°O)
Radiation:
Emissivity: 0.9 Adiabatic Bottom Radiation Solar insolation Solar Insolation:
387.41 K
L(
Convection:
5 K
(L(*°O)
Radiation:
Emissivity = 0.9 Internal Heat Generation Due to content decay heat 11.4 W (170.24 W/m³)
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-15 Ambient Temperature:
37.7°C Figure 3-4 NCT Boundary Conditions for CASE II (Hot: Internal wattage + No solar insolation)
Solar Insolation:
0.00 W/m² Convection:
5 K
(L(.°O)
Radiation:
Emissivity: 0.9 Adiabatic Bottom Radiation Solar insolation Solar Insolation:
0.00 K
L(
Convection:
5 K
(L(.°O)
Radiation:
Emissivity = 0.9 Internal Heat Generation Due to content heat decay 11.4W (170.24W/m³)
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-16 Ambient Temperature:
-40 °C Figure 3-5 NCT Boundary Conditions for CASE III (Cold: Internal wattage + No Insolation)
Solar Insolation:
0.00 W/m² Convection:
5 K
(L(.°O)
Radiation:
Emissivity: 0.9 Adiabatic Bottom Radiation Solar insolation Solar Insolation:
0.00 K
L(
Convection:
5 K
(L(.°O)
Radiation:
Emissivity = 0.9 Internal Heat Generation Due to content heat decay 11.4W (170.24W/m³)
Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Docket No. 71-9342 Rev 10, November 2018 3-17 Ambient Temperature:
-40 °C Figure 3-6 NCT Boundary Conditions for CASE IV (Cold: No Internal wattage + No Insolation) 3.3.1.1 NCT Evaluation Results Results of the NCT evaluation show that a maximum exterior surface temperature in the shade (i.e. Case II) of 102°F is observed on the drum. This meets the non-exclusive use shipment requirement of 10 CFR 71.43(g). The maximum interior air body temperature is 233 °F. NCT thermal evaluation temperature contour of the package for all cases are documented in Figure 3-7 to Figure 3-10. For select components, summary results of the NCT thermal evaluation for all cases are documented in Table 3-13. Temperature contours for Case I are shown in Figure Solar Insolation:
0.00 W/m² Convection:
5 K
(L(*°O)
Radiation:
Emissivity: 0.9 Adiabatic Bottom Radiation Solar insolation Solar Insolation:
0.00 K
L(
Convection:
5 K
(L(*°O)
Radiation:
Emissivity = 0.9 Internal Heat Generation Due to content heat decay 0.00 W (0.00 W/m³)
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-18 3-7, temperature contours for Case II are shown in Figure 3-8, temperature contours for Case III are shown in Figure 3-9, and temperature contours for Case IV are shown in Figure 3-10.
Table 3-13 NCT Steady State Thermal Evaluation Results Component S.N.
Temperature (°F)
Hot Cold Case I Case II Case III Case IV Max.
Max.
Max.
Max.
Min.
Containment body PA 147 114
-26
-40
-40 Containment end plate PB 148 114
-25
-40
-40 Containment insulation plug IG 176 139 0.3
-40
-40 Gasket GB 143 105
-35
-40
-40 Containment lid (Blind flange)
PD 143 104
-35
-40
-40 Drum lid DL 154 101
-38
-40
-40 Drum lid gasket GA 145 101
-38
-40
-40 Drum DA 144 102
-38
-40
-40 Package surface DA/DL 154 102
-38
-40
-40 Air Volume N/A 232 202 73
-40
-40 Figure 3-7 NCT Temperature Contour-Case I (Hot: Internal wattage + Solar insolation)
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-19 Figure 3-8 NCT Temperature Contour-Case II (Hot: Internal Wattage + No Insolation)
Figure 3-9 NCT Temperature Contour-Case III (Cold: Internal Wattage + No Insolation)
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-20 Figure 3-10 NCT Temperature Contour-Case IV (Cold: No Internal Wattage + No Insolation) 3.3.2 Maximum Normal Operating Pressure Since the Versa-Pac is not a sealed system, the maximum normal operating pressure is near atmospheric pressure.
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-21 3.4 Thermal Evaluation for Hypothetical Accident Conditions (HAC)
A transient thermal analysis is performed on the VP-55 quarter model to simulate hypothetical accident fire conditions. This transient analysis simulates exposure of the package to a fully engulfed fire at 800°C for 30 minutes followed by a 7.5-hour cool down period, which is sufficient for package components to reach their maximum temperature.
The details of the HAC pre-fire, fire, and post-fire cool-down boundary conditions are documented in Sections 3.4.1 and 3.4.2 below. In addition, the supporting classical equations are documented in Appendix A. The results of the HAC thermal evaluation are documented in Sections 3.4.3 and 3.4.4.
3.4.1 Initial Conditions The body temperature results of the NCT thermal analysis (hottest case: Case I) are used as the initial body temperature of the package for the HAC thermal analysis, see Figure 3-11. In addition, the ambient temperature before and after the fire is equal to 37.778°C (100°F) with insolation modeled as in Table 3-1.
Figure 3-11 NCT Results as Initial Conditions of HAC 3.4.2 Fire Test Conditions For the fire test, a transient thermal analysis is used. The modeled fire has an emissivity coefficient of 0.9 and a flame temperature of 800°C (1475°F). Forced convection heat transfer is
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-22 used with a convection coefficient of 10 W/m*°C (para. 728.30, [11]). As shown in Figure 3-12, HAC fire evaluation is conducted in a horizontal position for maximum fire exposure of the package.
Initial body temperature: NCT (Hot-Case I) results Environment fire temperature: 800°C Fire test position: Horizontal Figure 3-12 HAC Fire Boundary Conditions 3.4.2.1 Cool-Down (Post-Fire) Conditions At the end of the 30-minute fire, the environment temperature is dropped to 37.778°C (100°F).
Solar insolation is considered with the application of the NCT heat flux. Because the package is in a horizontal position during the fire, it stays in that position post fire. Therefore, both ends of the package are considered as vertical flat surfaces. Natural convection is also applied to the entire exterior surface with a convection coefficient of 5 W/m*°C. Figure 3-13 shows the post fire boundary conditions.
Convection:
Temperature: 800°C Convection coefficient:
10 W/m²*°C Radiation:
Temperature: 800°C Emissivity: 0.9 Internal Heat Generation Due to content heat decay 11.4 W (170.24 W/m³)
Entire exterior surface
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-23 Figure 3-13 HAC Cool-Down (Post-Fire) Boundary Conditions 3.4.3 Maximum Temperatures and Pressure The maximum temperature at the containment region during the HAC fire event is 498°F. This maximum temperature was recorded 30 min. into the fire at the containment flange/gasket area.
However, as shown in Figure 3-16(c), the containment cavity surface maximum temperature stays below 384°F. Further, as documented in Table 3-14, the average interior air temperature remains under 348°F. The containment region temperature-time history plot is displayed in Figure 3-15.
Because the Versa-Pac is not a sealed package, the maximum operating pressure is near atmospheric pressure. Further, since the Versa-Pac package is allowed to vent to the atmosphere, pressure stresses are not a concern.
The results of the HAC temperature evaluation are documented in a form of temperature-time history plots, temperature contours and tabulated values. Summary values for select components are documented in Table 3-14. The maximum containment cavity surface temperature is 386°F and the average interior air body temperature is 349°F. The temperature-time history plots for Convection:
Temperature: 37.778°C Convection coefficient:
5 W/m²*°C Radiation:
Temperature: 37.778°C Emissivity: 0.8 Internal Heat Generation Due to content heat decay 11.4 W (170.24 W/m³)
Insolation (heat flux):
Heat flux on flat surfaces: 96.85 W/m² Heat flux on curved surfaces: 193.7 W/m²
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-24 selected parts are displayed in Figure 3-14 and Figure 3-15. Further, the temperature contours are shown in Figure 3-16 and Figure 3-17.
Table 3-14 HAC Transient Thermal Evaluation Summary Results Component S.N.
Max. Temp.
(°F)
Time at Max. Temp.
hr. (sec.)
Air volume max.
398 2.7 (9721.2)
Air volume ave.
349 2.7 (9721.2)
Containment plug bottom surface IG 429 1.23 (4442.4)
Containment cavity surface N/A 386 1.23 (4442.4)
Containment lid (Blind flange)
PD 400 1.23 (4442.4)
Containment body PA 430 1.23 (4442.4)
Gasket GB 492 0.5 (1803)
Inner flange PH 498 0.5 (1803)
Drum lid DL 1456 0.5 (1802)
Drum DA 1460 0.5 (1802)
Figure 3-14 VP-55 HAC Package Temperature-Time History Plot
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-25 Figure 3-15 VP-55 HAC Containment Temperature-Time History Plot
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-26 a) Package Maximum Temperature b) Containment Region Maximum Temperature c) Containment Interior Surface Maximum Temperature Figure 3-16 HAC Thermal Analysis Overall Maximum Temperature Contour (a-c)
Maximum Temperature on air gap
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-27 d) 30 min (end of fire) e) 1.23 hr f) 2.7 hr g) 8 hr (7.5 hr cool down)
Figure 3-17 HAC Thermal Analysis Maximum Temperature Contours at Several Times (d-g) 3.4.4 Maximum Thermal Stresses The performance of the Versa-Pac with respect to thermal stresses is demonstrated through a fire test performed for a similar package. A summary of this fire test is provided in Appendix 3.5.4.
The flexible construction of the connection between the payload cavity and the flange assures that thermal gradients do not impose excessive stress on the package joints.
3.4.5 Accident Conditions for Fissile Material Packages for Air Transport This section is not applicable. The criticality analysis for Versa-Pac packages transported by air assumes ejection of all contents from the packaging into a bounding configuration (see Section 6.7). Thus, no thermal testing/analyses are necessary for Versa-Pac shipments via air transport.
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-28 3.5 Appendix The following appendices are included with Section 3:
3.5.1: References 3.5.2: Thermal Analysis of 1S/2S UF6 Cylinders in the VP-55 3.5.3: Supporting Classical Equations 3.5.4: Excerpted from Safety Analysis Report for the Century Champion Type B Package Thermal Test 3.5.5: Supplemental Thermal Evaluation of Package Contents 3.5.6: Evaluation of Thermal Degradation of Packaging Material in Versa-Pac 3.5.7: Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Piping Systems: A Comparison to Traditional Metallic Materials
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-29 3.5.1 References
[1]
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, "Code of Federal Reguations Title 10, Part 71-Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Material," 10 CFR 71, 2017.
[2]
American National Standards Institute, "American National Standard for Nuclear Materials -
Uranium Hexafluoride - Packagings for Transport," ANSI N14.1-2012, 2012.
[3]
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, "ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code-Materials," Section II-Part D-Properties (Customary), 2010.
[4]
Morgan Advanced Materials, "Thermal Products from Morgan Advanced Materials Product Data Book," 2017.
[5]
T. L. Bergman, A. S. Lavine, I. P. Frank and D. P. Dewitt, Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 7 ed., Jefferson City: John Wiley & Sons, 2011.
[6]
General Plastics Manufacturing Company, "Last-a-Foam FR-3712 Rigid Polyurethane Foam," 2017.
[7]
Mikron Instrument Company, Inc., "Table of Emissivity of Various Surfaces," 2017.
[8]
Specialty Plastics, Inc., "Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Piping Systems: A Comparison to Traditional Metallic Materials," 1998.
[9]
General Plastics Manufacturing Company, "Design Guide LAST-A-FOAM FR-3700 Crash
& Fire Protection of Radioactive Material Shipping Containers," 2012.
[10] Martin Marietta Systems, Inc., "Thermal Modeling of Packages for Normal Conditions of Transport with Insolation," CONF-951135-28, 1994.
[11] International Atomic Energy Agency, "IAEA Safety Standards: Advisory Material for the IAEA Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material," Specific Safety Guide No. SSG-26, 2012.
[12] ANSYS, Inc., "ANSYS 17.1," 2017.
[13] Sealed Air, "Ethafoam Polyethylene Foam Products, Typical Physical Properties," 2014.
[Online]. Available: https://sealedair.com/product-care/product-care-products/medium-and-high-density-foams.
[14] Almanza O., Rodriguez-Perez M. and Saja D.J., "Measurement of the Thermal Diffusivity and Specific Heat Capacity of Polyethylene Foams using the Transient Plane Source Technique," Polym Int 53:2038 - 2044, 2004.
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-30 3.5.2 Thermal Analysis of 1S/2S UF6 Cylinders in the VP-55 This appendix documents the thermal analysis necessary to allow for the shipment of 1S and 2S UF6 cylinders in the Versa-Pac, as shown in Figure 3-18 and Figure 3-19. The criterion for this analysis is the maximum allowable temperature of 250°F for the 1S and 2S cylinders, as listed in Table 1 of ANSI N14.1-2012 [2]. The Versa-Pac inner cavity maximum temperature, 386°F, as documented in Table 3-14 above, is too great to allow for the shipment of 1S or 2S cylinders. To address this high cavity temperature issue, this appendix analyzes the addition of a polyethylene foam liner to the inner surface of the inner cavity to reduce the amount of heat transferred to the inner cavity. To determine the correct foam thickness, a study is conducted by gradually increasing the thickness of the polyethylene foam to the interior surface of the inner cavity until the interior surface temperature drops to the allowable range. This appendix has determined that a thickness of 2 inches (5 cm) of polyethylene foam with a minimum density of 9 pcf is sufficient to reduce the maximum Versa-Pac inner-cavity temperature to 243°F.
Figure 3-18 ANSI N14.1 1S Cylinder Figure 3-19 ANSI N14.1 2S Cylinder
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-31 3.5.2.1 Description of Thermal Design The thermal response of the Versa-Pac 55 with the foam liner for 1S and 2S UF6 cylinders is analyzed under both normal conditions of transport (NCT) and hypothetical accident conditions (HAC). As documented in Section 3 above, NCT maximum temperature is documented in the interior surface of the package during the NCT Case I. Hence NCT Case I is assumed to bound all other NCT cases with respect to generating maximum heat to the surface. Therefore, a steady state NCT Case I analysis followed by transient HAC fire analysis is completed to study the maximum temperature in the interior surface of the added foam liner.
Table 3-15 Summary of Boundary Conditions Conditions Environment Temperature Solar Insolation Convection Radiation Emissivity NCT Case I 100°F Yes Natural Surface Paint (0.9)
HAC (Fire) 1475°F No Forced Fire (0.9)
HAC (Post Fire) 100°F Yes Natural Steel Oxidized (0.8)
Normal Conditions of Transport The NCT evaluation of the Versa-Pac with 1S/2S UF6 cylinder contents was done with a steady-state, heat-transfer analysis using a finite-element model of the package. The finite-element code ANSYS 17.1 [12] was used to model and analyze the Versa-Pac under NCT. Upon completion of the NCT analysis, the resultant temperature distribution of the Versa-Pac was used as the initial conditions of the HAC analysis.
Hypothetical Accident Conditions The HAC evaluation of the Versa-Pac with 1S/2S UF6 cylinder contents was done with a transient heat-transfer analysis using a finite-element model of the package. The finite-element code ANSYS 17.1 is used to model and analyze the Versa-Pac under HAC. Damage from the mechanical tests was not simulated; however, local reductions in wall thickness were shown in the drop tests to be limited to the outer 1-1/2 of the package. Since this portion of the package quickly attains the temperature of the fire, a local reduction is not expected to influence the temperature of the contents. Further, observation of the test article after the drop test showed no rupture of the drum or inner support structure, hence no charring or burning of the packaging foam will occur under HAC (Appendix 2.13.7).
3.5.2.1.1 Design Features The Versa-Pac is modeled as described in Section 3 above. To accommodate the maximum temperature requirement of 250°F for the 1S and 2S cylinders, a foam liner is used to reduce the heat that enters the inner cavity of the Versa-Pac. This foam has the properties as listed in Table 3-18.
3.5.2.1.2 Contents Decay Heat As the 1S/2S cylinders will not contain greater than an A2 quantity of any uranium isotope, there will not be significant amount of decay heat from the contents.
Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Docket No. 71-9342 Rev 10, November 2018 3-32 3.5.2.1.3 Summary Tables of Temperatures 3.5.2.1.3.1 NCT Temperature Summary The temperatures of key components are summarized in Table 3-16 for the 1S/2S UF6 cylinder configuration. The full NCT results are in Section 3.5.2.3.
Table 3-16 NCT Steady State Thermal Evaluation Results - 1S/2S UF6 Cylinder VP-55 Configuration Component Part Number Temperature
(°F)
Maximum Allowable Temperature (°F)
Containment body PA 138 Containment end plate PB 134 Containment insulation plug IG 138 270 Gasket GB 138 500 Containment lid (Blind flange)
PD 138 Drum lid DL 154 Drum lid gasket GA 144 Drum DA 143 Package Surface DA/DL 154 Foam liner N/A 138 250 Note: See Table 3-10 for NCT temperature limits.
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-33 3.5.2.1.3.2 HAC Temperature Summary The temperatures of key components are summarized in Table 3-17 for the 1S/2S UF6 cylinder configuration. The full HAC results are in Section 3.5.2.4.
Table 3-17 HAC Transient Thermal Evaluation Results - 1S/2S UF6 Cylinder VP-55 Configuration a Component Part Number Results Maximum Allowable Temperature
(°F)
Temperature
(°F)
Time Hr. (Sec.)
Foam liner ave.
N/A 227 4.1 (14761) 250 Foam liner inner surface N/A 243 4.1 (14761) 250 Containment plug bottom surface IG 343 1.4 (5042.4) 2000 Containment lid (Blind flange)
PD 416 1.4 (5042.4) 2600 Containment body PA 404 1.4 (5042.4) 2600 Gasket GB 419 1.4 (5042.4) 1000 Inner flange PH 432 0.5 (1803) 2600 Drum lid DL 1456 0.5 (1802) 2600 Drum DA 1460 0.5 (1802) 2600 Note:
a Note: See Table 3-10 for HAC temperature limits.
3.5.2.2 Material Properties and Component Specifications 3.5.2.2.1 Material Properties Density and thermal conductivity values are obtained from the foam providers website [13]. The densities are from (1.5 - 9.0) pcf, and the thermal conductivity ranges from 0.43-0.49 BTU*in/(hr*ft²*°F). While the low-density foams (1.5 - 1.8 pcf) provide higher thermal conductivity, the medium to high density foams (2.2 - 9.0 pcf) provide low thermal conductivity. In addition, the high-density foams provide better compressive strength and tear resistance. Therefore, polyethylene foam with a minimum density of 9 pcf must be used as the inner liner in the Versa-Pac because of the lowest thermal conductivity among the different foam densities.
Specific heat values of various polyethylene foams are also documented in Table 2 of Measurement of the Thermal Diffusivity and Specific Heat Capacity of Polyethylene Foams Using the Transient Plane Source Technique [14]. These values vary from 2285.5 to 2924.5 J/(kg*K).
Because the foam with a small specific heat capacity requires a small amount of heat energy to raise its temperature, the smallest value, 2285.5 J/kg*K, is conservatively used in this analysis.
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-34 Table 3-18 Thermal Properties of Polyethylene Foam Temperature
(°F)
Density (lbm/ft3)
Thermal Conductivity (BTU*in/hr*ft2*°F) [W/(m*k)]
Specific Heat J/(kg*K) 75 9.0 0.43 [0.036]
2285.5-2924.5
References:
[13] Density: Ethafoam 900, Typical Physical Properties Table.
[13] Thermal Conductivity: Ethafoam 900, Typical Physical Properties Table.
[14] Specific Heat: Table 2.
3.5.2.3 Thermal Evaluation under Normal Conditions of Transport The thermal performance of the Versa-Pac with 1S/2S UF6 cylinders is analyzed for NCT by performing a steady-state heat transfer analysis on a finite element representation of the package.
The general-purpose finite-element code ANSYS 17.1 is used to model and analyze the VP-55.
A uniform heat flux is applied using steady state thermal analysis by exposing the package to a 38°C (100°F) ambient temperature and insolation as specified in Table 2-1. The results of the analysis are presented in Section 3.5.2.3.1, which includes the temperatures of the key package components.
Finite Element Model Because the VP-55 is axially symmetrical, a quarter symmetry model of the package is used in this analysis. ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL) is used to generate the Finite Element Model of the package. A combination of SOLID70, CONTA173, TARGE170 element types are used to simulate the heat flow.
The SOLID70 is a 3D, 8-node, single degree-of-freedom (DOF) thermal solid element. It is used to model heat flow through the solid and gaseous regions of the package via conduction heat transfer. Internal heat generation is applied to the SOLID70 elements of the interior air body and solar insolation and radiation are applied to the area faces of the exterior SOLID70 elements.
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-35 Elements = 89736 Nodes = 440780 Figure 3-20 Finite Element Model of The Versa Pack Quarter Symmetry Model The CONTA173/TARGE170 pairs are 3D, 4-node, surface-to-surface contact elements that are overlaid onto area faces of the SOLID70 elements and are used to model heat flow across interfaces between contacting components or across interfaces between dissimilar meshes.
Bonded (perfect contact) is used to provide high thermal contact conductance.
Boundary Conditions To simulate NCT, the following boundary conditions were used for the NCT model:
- 1. Solar insolation according to 10 CFR 71.71(c)(1). The 12-hour solar insolation values are used to calculate a 24-hour steady state heat flux on the exterior surface of the package.
- 2. An ambient temperature of 37.778°C (100°F) with natural convection (5.0 W/m2*°C, para.
728.30 [11]) applied to the package exterior surfaces.
- 3. Thermal radiation Specific boundary condition values are displayed in Figure 3-21 below.
Added Inner Liner (Polyurethane Foam)
Part IG (Polyurethane Foam)
Part IB (Polyurethane Foam)
Part IA (Ceramic Blanket)
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-36 Ambient Temperature:
37.7°C Figure 3-21 NCT Boundary Conditions Solar Insolation:
193.7 W/m² Convection:
5 K
(L(*°O)
Radiation:
Emissivity: 0.9 Adiabatic Bottom Radiation Solar insolation Solar Insolation:
387.41 K
L(
Convection:
5 K
(L(*°O)
Radiation:
Emissivity = 0.9
Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Docket No. 71-9342 Rev 10, November 2018 3-37 3.5.2.3.1 Heat and Cold Results of the NCT evaluation show that the maximum interior cavity temperature is 138°F. The results for selected components are documented in Table 3-19 below and the overall body temperature is displayed in Figure 3-22 and Figure 3-23. The case without solar insolation is not analyzed for these contents as it is bounded by Case II in Section 3.3.1.
Table 3-19 NCT Steady State Thermal Evaluation Results Component S.N.
Maximum Temperature (°F)
Containment body PA 138 Containment end plate PB 134 Containment insulation plug IG 138 Gasket GB 138 Containment lid (Blind flange)
PD 138 Drum lid DL 154 Drum lid gasket GA 144 Drum DA 143 Package Surface DA/DL 154 Foam liner N/A 138
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-38 Figure 3-22 NCT Evaluation Package Temperature Contour
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-39 Figure 3-23 NCT Temperature Contour. Exterior Surface (left) and Interior Surface (right).
3.5.2.4 Thermal Evaluation under Hypothetical Accident Conditions 3.5.2.4.1 Initial Conditions The results of the NCT thermal analysis are used as the initial conditions for the HAC thermal analysis, see Figure 3-24. In addition, the ambient temperature before and after the fire is equal to 37.778°C (100°F) with insolation modeled as in Table 3-12.
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-40 Figure 3-24 HAC Fire Initial Body Temperature 3.5.2.4.2 Fire Test Conditions For the fire test, a transient thermal analysis is used. The modeled fire has an emissivity coefficient of 0.9, a flame temperature of 800°C (1475°F). Forced convection heat transfer is used with a convection coefficient of 10 W/m*°C. As shown in Figure 3-25, the HAC fire evaluation is conducted in a horizontal position for maximum fire exposure of the package.
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-41 Initial body temperature: NCT results Environment fire temperature: 800°C Fire test position: Horizontal Figure 3-25 HAC Fire Boundary Conditions 3.5.2.4.2.1 Cool-down (Post-fire) Conditions At the end of the 30-minute fire, the temperature is dropped to 100°F and insolation is considered with the NCT heat flux values. Natural convection is also applied to the exterior surface with a convection coefficient of 5 W/m*°C, see Figure 3-26.
Convection:
Temperature: 800°C Convection coefficient:
10 W/m²*°C Radiation:
Temperature: 800°C Emissivity: 0.9 Entire exterior surface
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-42 Figure 3-26 HAC Post Fire Cool Down Boundary Conditions 3.5.2.4.3 Maximum Temperatures and Pressure HAC requires determination of the minimum thickness sufficient to reduce the interior surface temperature to the acceptable range. Therefore, a study is conducted by gradually increasing the foam thickness to obtain the minimum thickness that can reduce the temperature of the inner cavity to the allowable limit.
The maximum allowable temperature for the shipment of 1S/2S UF6 cylinders is 250°F. As shown in Figure 3-27 below, the foam thickness study predicts that 2-inch-thick foam is sufficient to reduce the cavity surface temperature to the acceptable range. Hence, HAC analysis of the entire package is documented using the 2-inch-thick interior liner.
Convection:
Temperature: 37.778°C Convection coefficient:
5 W/m²*°C Radiation:
Temperature: 37.778°C Emissivity: 0.8 Insolation (heat flux):
Heat flux on flat surfaces: 96.85 W/m² Heat flux on curved surfaces: 193.7 W/m²
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-43 Figure 3-27 VP-55 1S/2S UF6 Cylinders - Containment Inner Surface Temp. with Foam Liners Maximum temperature values for selected components are documented in Table 3-20 below. In addition, the temperature-time histories of the package components are displayed in Figure 3-28 and Figure 3-29. The body temperature contour of the package is displayed in Figure 3-30 and Figure 3-31.
Table 3-20 HAC Transient Thermal Evaluation Summary Results Component S.N.
Maximum Temperature
(°F)
Time at Max. Temp.
hr. (sec.)
Foam liner ave.
N/A 227 4.1 (14761)
Foam liner inner surface N/A 243 4.1 (14761)
Containment plug bottom surface IG 343 1.4 (5042.4)
Containment lid (Blind flange)
PD 416 1.4 (5042.4)
Containment body PA 404 1.4 (5042.4)
Gasket GB 419 1.4 (5042.4)
Inner flange PH 432 0.5 (1803)
Drum lid DL 1456 0.5 (1802)
Drum DA 1460 0.5 (1802)
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-44 Figure 3-28 VP-55 1S/2S UF6 Cylinders Entire Package HAC Temperature History Figure 3-29 VP-55 1S/2S UF6 Cylinders Package Containment HAC Temperature History
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-45 a) Package Maximum Temperature b) Containment Region Maximum Temperature c) Inner Foam Liner (2 inches) Maximum Temperature Maximum Temperature at air gap
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-46 d) Inner Foam Liner (2 inches) Interior Surface Maximum Temperature Figure 3-30 HAC Thermal Analysis Maximum Temperature Contour (a-d) e) 30 min fire f) 1.4 hrs g) 4.1 hrs h) 8 hrs (7.5 hrs cool down)
Figure 3-31 HAC Thermal Analysis Package Maximum Temperature Contour at Different Times (e-h)
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-47 3.5.3 Supporting Classical Equations 3.5.3.1 Natural Convection The natural convection occurs on the still fluids on the exterior surface of the Versa-Pac and it is calculated with the following equation (Equation 6.4, Page 380 [5]):
qc =
hR (Ts - T)
- where, qc =
convective heat flux (W/m2) hR
=
convection heat transfer coefficient (W/m2*°C)
Ts =
temperature of surface (°C)
T =
temperature of environment (°C)
A heat transfer coefficient of 5 W/m²-°C is used for boundary conditions concerning natural convection. Additionally, this heat transfer coefficient can be defined with the following equations (Equation 9.24, Page 604 [5]):
hR =
STU RRRRV W
- where, NuW RRRRR =
Nusselt Number L
=
characteristic length k
=
conduction heat transfer coefficient Depending on the orientation of the surface of concern, the Nusselt number will vary. The following equations give the Nusselt number for various geometries.
3.5.3.1.1 Vertical Plate The Nusselt number can be calculated for the entire range of Rayleigh number (Ra) by the following correlation (Equation 9.26, Page 605 [5]):
NuW RRRRR
=
0.825 +
3.1:_ `%V a
b cCd ef.gh(
iF j h
abk l
(m
- where, RaW = Rayleigh number Pr =
Prandtl number An improved accuracy of the Nusselt number can be obtained for laminar flow with the following equation for RaL (Equation 9.27, Page 605):
NuW RRRRR
=
0.68 +
0.670 l}~
1/4 c1+ *0.492/f 9
16k 4
9 for RaW 10
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-48 3.5.3.1.2 Horizontal Plate The Nusselt number calculated for a horizontal plate is as follows (Equations 9.30 - 9.32, Page 610 [5]):
Upper Surface of Hot Plate or Lower Surface of Cold Plate NuW RRRRR
=
0.54 Ra1/4 104 Ra 107, Pr 0.7 NuW RRRRR
=
0.15 Ra1/3 107 Ra 1011, all Pr Lower Surface of Hot Plate or Upper Surface of Cold Plate NuW RRRRR
=
0.52 Ra1/5 104 Ra 109, Pr 0.7 The above Horizontal Plate correlations are used when the characteristic length is to be defined as (Equation 9.29, Page 609 [5]):
L
=
As/P where, As =
surface area P
=
perimeter The Rayleigh number to be used to calculate the Nusselt number values is formulated as (Equation 9.25, Page 605 [5]):
RaL =
- (--) W*
Ž *
- where, g
=
gravity (9.81 m/s2) b
=
1 / (Tf + 459.67)
Tf =
film temperature Ts =
surface temperature T =
ambient temperature L
=
characteristic length n
=
air kinematic viscosity at Tf
=
air thermal diffusivity at Tf Note that the film temperature is the average temperature between the surface temperature and ambient temperature, Tf = (Ts + T)/2, and all properties are obtained at this temperature.
3.5.3.2 Forced Convection The forced convection occurs on the external surfaces during the HAC 30-minute fire. Under HAC, the heat transfer coefficient for forced convection is determined in accordance with the IAEA Specific Safety Guide No. SSG-26 and is based on knowledge of pool fire gas velocities that are commonly between 5 - 10 m/s. This results in a heat transfer coefficient of approximately 10 W/m2*°C (para. 728.30 [11]).
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-49 Furthermore, this heat transfer coefficient can be defined with the following equations for constant heat flux over flat plates (Equations 7.45 - 7.46, Page 446 [5]):
For laminar flow, Nux =
0.453 Rex1/2 Pr1/3, for laminar flow (Pr 0.6)
And for turbulent flow, Nux =
0.0308 Rex4/5 Pr1/3, for turbulent flow (0.6 Pr 60)
- and, Rex =
- W
Ž
- where, V
=
air velocity L
=
characteristic length
=
kinematic viscosity Rex =
Reynolds number 3.5.3.3 Radiation 3.5.3.3.1 Radiation with the Environment Thermal radiation occurs between a surface and its environment due to thermally excited conditions within the matter. The amount of radiation exchange depends on the temperature, emissivity and surface area:
Q0%
=
A *T4 A T~
Af (Equation 13.27, Page 885 [5].)
where, e
=
emissivity, s
=
Stefan-Boltzmann constant (1.19 E -11 Btu/h-in²-°F),
A
=
surface area, Ts =
surface temperature (°R), and T¥ =
temperature of surroundings (°R).
This equation is read as the difference in the quantity of radiation emitting from the surface and the quantity of radiation entering the surface. Further, it may be advantageous to model the net heat exchange in a comparable manner to convection to linearize the rate equation as:
Q0% =
h0A (T4 T~)
(Equation 1.8, Page 10 [5])
Setting the above radiation heat exchange equations equal to each other and performing some algebraic manipulation results in:
hr =
- T4
@ + T~
@f(T4 + T~) (Equation 1.9, Page 10 [5])
- where, hr =
radiation heat transfer coefficient
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-50 3.5.3.3.2 Radiation between surfaces The equation for radiation heat transfer between surfaces is:
QradS
=
'*a g (
gf aa aœa d a
œa*a( d a(
(œ(
(Equation 13.23, Page 885 [5])
- where, TC =
Temperature of surface 1 T@ =
Temperature of surface 2
=
Stefan-Boltzmann constant AC =
Area of surface 1 A@ =
Area of surface 2 C =
Emissivity of surface 1
@ =
Emissivity of surface 2 FC@ =
View factor between surfaces 1 and 2 3.5.3.4 Conduction The conduction heat transfer on a body depends on the temperature difference of the material, the thermal conductivity (k) of the material and the area of heat transfer:
Q =
kA
(Equation 2.1, Page 69 [5])
- where, k
=
Thermal conductivity constant (W/m*K)
T =
Temperature difference A
=
Area of heat transfer x =
Length of the material in the direction of heat flow 3.5.3.5 Thermal Resistance 3.5.3.5.1 Thermal Resistance for Conduction The temperature change across boundaries where different materials meet may be considerable and is known as thermal contact resistance Rt,c, and is due to primarily surface roughness effects.
These rough areas create raised areas and therefore gaps as well between components.
The thermal resistance for conduction heat transfer is defined as:
Rt,c =
ϣ
¥ (Equation 3.6, Page 114 [5])
=
W S
- where, T =
Temperature of material A T§ =
Temperature of material B qx =
Conduction heat transfer L
=
Length of wall A
=
Area normal to the direction of heat transfer 3.5.3.5.2 Thermal Resistance for Convection
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-51 The resistance for convection heat transfer is:
Rt,conv
=
(Equation 3.9, Page 115 [5])
=
C
/
- where, T4 =
Surface temperature T~ =
Environment temperature q
=
Convection heat transfer A
=
Area of convection h
=
Convection coefficient 3.5.3.5.3 Thermal Resistance for Radiation The resistance for radiation heat transfer is:
Rt,rad
=
--¨F F=© (Equation 3.13, Page 115 [5])
=
C
/F
- where, T4 =
Surface temperature T4U0
=
Surrounding temperature Q0% =
Convection heat transfer A
=
Area of radiation h0 =
Radiation coefficient
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-52 3.5.4 Excerpted from Safety Analysis Report for the Century Champion Type B Package Thermal Test 3.5.4.1 Introduction The Century Industries Versa-Pac Shipping Container is an evolutionary package design based on the design and testing of the Century Industries Champion Type B package. Due to the similarity in both package designs, tests involving the Century Industries Champion, although not directly applicable, can be used to support the safety basis of the Versa-Pac design as supplemented by further analysis and tests. Tests involving the Champion package that are applicable to the design of the Versa-Pac include drop tests, thermal and immersion tests. The thermal test further indicates the lack of the thermal stresses in the design. The design similarities are further presented with attachment of the test results for the Champion package.
3.5.4.2 Design Comparison Both packages share the same basic structural components in that they have an inner and outer liner of sheet metal that is surrounded by vertical and horizontal stiffeners. Both package designs use the same ceramic fiber blanket insulation between the inner and outer liners and also surrounding the radial portion of the containment boundary. Both designs have approximately the same polyurethane foam in their respective bottom and top portions of the container. Both designs are based on an inner structure that slides into an outer drum. Therefore, both package designs should have a similar thermal response including thermal stresses. However, the temperature profiles may be different as further discussed.
The package designs differ in the type of insulation that surrounds the inner containment area.
The Champion surrounds the containment area with polyurethane foam that is poured in place while the Versa-Pac utilizes ceramic fiber blanket insulation within the same area.
The Champion utilizes a leak testable inner vessel as the primary containment with a secondary blind cap flange on top of the main sealing flange while the Versa-Pac uses only a 1/2 blind flange with a high temperature fibrous sleeve at the containment boundary.
3.5.4.3 Thermal Test Figure 3-32 shows the Century Champion Package rigging for the thermal test. Figure 3-33 displays a typical view of the package during the 30 minute 1475°F thermal test phase. Figure 3-34 displays the package upon completion of the thermal testing prior to conduct of the immersion test.
3.5.4.4 Summary of Results The metallic components of the package, as shown in Figure 3-34, do not show any signs of failure or fatigue at the conclusion of the thermal test. This demonstrates that thermal stresses induced during thermal testing are low and within the structural capacity of the components. The polyurethane insulation is considered to be a sacrificial component, and in performing its function its structure is broken down by the heat of the fire. However, the polyurethane components (including the internal polyurethane plug utilized in the Versa-Pac) do provide load-carrying capability for the packaging, and the steel components provide the strength and structure required to maintain the packaging intact following the event. The 30-minute thermal test including the post-test natural cool-down did not cause any seam or closure separation in the package. The
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-53 package structure including outer closure drum does not shown any signs of failure or fatigue.
These observations from the testing of the Century Champion are directly applicable to the Versa-Pac design since their outer structures are identical. Therefore, the Versa-Pac design is not anticipated to be subject to deleterious thermal stresses during the required 30-minute thermal test at 1475°F.
Pages 14 and 15 of the Champion Safety Analysis Report are provided after Figure 3-34. The test results indicate that during a 44-minute fire exposure, the lower portion of the inner vessel attained a maximum temperature of 450°F. Testing of the Versa-Pac would be expected to produce similar results since the structures and thermal insulation are similar to the Champion.
The analytical analysis presented in Section 3.0, Thermal Evaluation, indicate a maximum temperature to the contents of 552°F for the Versa-Pac using a 3-inch polyurethane foam plug in the top of the containment vessel. With the plug removed, the analytical results approach 600°F.
The analytical results seem reasonable and are generally performed to bound actual thermal tests with sufficient margin to ensure the design meets the requirements. Therefore, the lower temperature experienced in the fire testing of the Champion seems reasonable. In an actual fire test of the Versa-Pac, the maximum temperature at the containment boundary would be expected to be less than 600°F. A lower temperature is anticipated since the Versa-Pac design uses a fiberglass thermal break in the area of the containment boundary closure.
Figure 3-32 Champion Package on Test Stand - View from Thermocouple Shielding Tube
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-54 Figure 3-33 Champion Package during Thermal Testing Phase Figure 3-34 Champion Package Post-Thermal Test
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-55
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-56 3.5.5 Supplemental Thermal Evaluation of Package Contents
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-57
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-58
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-59 3.5.6 Evaluation of Thermal Degradation of Packaging Material in Versa-Pac 27 pages: Issued under separate cover letter
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-60 3.5.7 Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Piping Systems: A Comparison to Traditional Metallic Materials
Docket No. 71-9342 Versa-Pac Safety Analysis Report Rev 10, March 2018 3-61