Regulatory Guide 4.2
| ML13350A248 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Issue date: | 08/31/1972 |
| From: | US Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) |
| To: | |
| References | |
| Download: ML13350A248 (113) | |
GUIDE TO THE PREPARATION
OF ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTS
FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
U.S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION
DIRECTORATE OF REGULATORY STANDARDS
AUGUST 1972 ISSUED FOR COMMENT
GUIDE TO THE PREPARATION OF
ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTS FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
U.S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION
DIRECTORATE OF REGULATORY STANDARDS
AUGUST 1972 Issued for comment
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page INTRODUCTION .................................................
National Environmental Goals ....................................
Applicant's Environmental Reports .................................
Commission Action on Environmcntal Reports ......................... 3 Preparation of Environmental Reports ............................... 3 Criteria and Technical Specifications Relating to Environmental Impact ........ 4 STANDARD FORMAT AND CONTENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTS FOR
NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
1. OBJECTIVES OF THE PROPOSED FACILITY ....................... 5
1.1 Requirement for power ....................... 5
1.1.1 Demand characteristics .................... 5
1.1.2 Power supply .......................... 5
1.1.3 System demznd and resource capability comparison 6
1.1.4 Input and output diagram ................. 6
1.1.5 Report from Regional Reliability Council ....... 6
1.2 Other primary objectives ........................ 6
1.3 Consequences of delay ........................ 7
2. TH E SITE ................................................... 7
2.1 Site location and layout .. ............ .. .. .. .. .. 7
2.2 Regional demography, land and water use .............. .. .. .. .. .. 7
2.3 Regional historic and natural landmarks ............... .. .. . ..... 8
2.4 Geology ..................................... 8
2.5 Hydrology ................................... .. .. .. .. .. 8
2.6 Meteorology .................................. .. .. .. .... 8
2.7 Ecoloý, ...................................... .. .. .. .... 8
2.8 Background radiological characteristics ................ .. .. .. . . .. 9
2.9 Other environmental features ....................... .... .. . . .. 9
3. TH E PLANT ................................................ 9
3.1 External appearance ............................. . . . . . . . .. . 9
3.2 Reactor and steam-electric system ................... . . . . . . .. . . 9
3.3 Plant water use ................................ . . . . . . .. .. 9
3.4 Heat dissipation system .......................... . . . . . . .... 10
3.5 Radwaste systems .............................. . . . . . . .... 10
3.6 Chemical and biocide systems ...................... . . . . . . .... 10
3.7 Sanitary and other waste systems .................... . . . . . . .... 11
3.8 Radioactive materials inventory ..................... . . . . . . .... II
3.9 Transmission facilities ............................ . . . . . . .... I1 iii
PaOW
4. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF SITE PREPARATION, PLANT AND
TRANSMISSION FACILITIES CONSTRUCTION .......................... 12
4.J Site preparation and plant construction .. .......................... 12
4.2 Transmission facilities con.iruction .. ............................. 13
4.3 Resources committed ... ...................................... 13 S. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF PLANT OPERATION ................... 13
5.1 Effects of operation of heat dissipation system .. .................. .. 13
5.2 Radiological impact on bio:j other than man .. ...................... 14
5.2.1 Exposure pathways ...................................... is
5.2.2 Radioactivity in environment ... ......................... .. Is
5.2.3 Dose rate estimiales ... ................................... 15
5.3 Radiological impact on man ... ................................ 15
5.3.1 Exposure pathways ... ................................... Is
5.3.2 Liquid effluents .... ................................... .. Is
5.3.3 Gaseous effluents .... ................................... 16
5.3.4 Direct radiation ... ..................................... 16
5.3.4.1 Radiation from facility .............................. 16
5.3.4.2 Transportation of radioaclive materials .. ................ 16
5.3.5 Other exposure pathways .................................. 17
5.3.5 Summary of annual radiation doses ........................... 17
5.4 Effects of chemical and biocide discharges .. ........................ 17
5.5 Effects of sanitary and other Waste discharges ...................... 17
5.6 Effects of operation and maintenance of the transmission system ........ 17
5.7 O ther effects ............................................. 17
5.8 Resources committed ... ...................................... 17
6. EFFLUENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTS AND MONITORING
PROGRAMS .................................................... 18
6.1 Applicant's pre-operational environmental programs ... ................. 18
6.1.I Surface waters .............. ........................ .. 19
6.1.2 Ground water .......................................... 19
6.1.3 Air ... .............................................. 20
6.1.4 Land .. .............................................. 20
6.1.5 Radiological surveys .. .................................. 20
6.2 Applicant's proposed operational monitoring programs .. ............... 21
6.2.1 Radiological monitoring .. ................................ 21
6.2.2 Chemical effluent monitoring .. ............................ 21
6.2.3 Thermal effluent monitoring .. ............................. 21
6.2.4
6.2.5 Meteorological monitoring .. ..............................
Ecological monitoring .. .................................
22
22 4
6.3 Related environmental measurement and monitoring programs .......... 22 iv
Pawe
7. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF ACCIDENTS ....................... 23
7.1 Plant accidents .......................................... 23
7.2 Transportation accidents ..................................... 28
7.3 Other accidents .......................................... 28
8. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL EFFECTS OF PLANT CONSTRUCTION AND
OPERATION ................................................ 28
8.1 Value of delivered products .................................. 28
8.2 Incom e ............................................... 29
8.3 Employment ................... ......................... 29
8.4 Taxes ................................................. 20
8.5 Externalities ............................................. 29
8.6 Other effects ............................................ 29
9. ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES AND SITES ...................... 30
9.1 Alternatives not requiring the creation of new generating capacity ....... 30
9.2 Alternatives requiring the creation of new generating capacity .......... ,30
9.2.1 Selection of candidate regions ............................ 30
9.2.2 Selection of candidate site.plant alternatives .................. 32
9.3 Co.--nurison of practicable alternatives and the proposed facility ......... 33
10. PLANT DESIGN ALTERNATIVES ................................ 34
10.1 Cooling system (exclusive of intake and discharge) .................. 36
10.2 Intake system ............................................ 36
10.3 Discharge system ......................................... 36
10.4 Chemical systems .......................................... 36
10.5 Biocide systems .......................................... 36
10.6 Sanitary waste system ..................................... 36
10.7 Liquid radwaste systems .................................... 36
10.8 Gaseous radwaste systems ................................... 37
10.9 Transmission facilities ................................... .... 37
10.10 Other systems ............................................ 37
10.11 The proposed plant ....................................... 37
11. SUMMARY BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS ............................. 37
12. ENVIRONMENTAL APPROVALS AND CONSULTATIONS ............... 37
13. REFERENCES .............................................. 38 Table I - Monetized Bases for Generating Costs ............................ 39 Table 2 - Guidance for Description of Environmental Effects ................... 40
Form AEC- Benefits from the Proposed Facility ......................... 50
Form AEC- Cost Description of Proposed Facility and Transmission Hook-Up ..... 51 Supplementary Forms for Alternative Systems ............................. 54 v
APPENDICES
Page
1. Appendix D of 10 CFR Part 50 ("Interim Statement of General Policy and Procedure:
Implementation of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 [Public Law
91-1901") .. ................................................... 85
2. Questionnaire for Eliciting Basic Data for Source-Term Calculation ............. 96
3. Example of Chart Showing Radiation Exposure Pathways ....................... 99
4. Proposed Appendix I of 10 CFR Part 50 ("Numerical Guides for Design Objectives and Limiting Conditions for Operation to Meet the Criterion 'As Low as Practicable'
for Radioactive Material in Light-Water-Cooled Nuclear Power Reactor Effluents") . .. 100
vi
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INTRODUCTION
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS Executive Order 11514 (35 F.R. 4247) of March 4,
197/0, by which all Federal agencies were required, to Prior to the issuance of a construction permit or the fullest extent possible, to direct their policies, an operating license for a nuclear power plant, the U.S. plans and programs to meeting the goals set out in Atomic Energy Commission is required to assess the NEPA.
potential environmental effects of that plant in order to assure that issuance of the permit or license will be On April 2, 1970, the Commission's initial consistent with the national environmental goals, as set implementation of NEPA was published (35 F.R.
forth by the National Environmental Policy Act of 5463) as 4n Appendix D to 10 CFR Part 50.
1969 (Public Law 91-190). In order to obtain Substantial amendments to Appendix EPwere published information essential to this assessment, the on December 4, 1970 (35 F.R. 18469), and further Commission requires each applicant for a permit or a minor amendments on July 7. 1971 (36 F.R. 12731).
license to submit a report on the potential On September 9, 1971, a major revision of Arn""dix environmental impacts of the proposed plant and D, entided "Interim Statement of General P,..x arid associated facilities. Procedure: Implementation of the National The national environmental goals as expressed by Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (P. L.91-190), was the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) are as published (36 F.R. 18071). A copy of Appendix D,
follows: with amendments to May 18, 1972, is attached as Appendix I.
"... it is the continuing responsibility of the Federal Government to use all practical means, coiisistent with other essential considerations of APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTS
national policy, to improve and coordinate Federal plans, functions, programs, and resources The revised Appendix D of 10 CFR 50 discusses, to the end that the Nation may- in the first five paragraphs of Section A, the required content of the Environmental Reports to be submitted
"(l) fulfill the responsibilities of each generation by the applicant:
as trustee of the environment for succeeding
"1. lEach applicant' for a permit to construct a generations;
ruclear power reactor... shall submit with
"(2) assure for all Americans safe, healthful, AMs application three hundred copies ... of a productive and esthetically and culturally separate document, entitled 'Applicant's pleasing surroundings; Environmental Report-Construction Permit
"(3) attain the widest range of beneficial use of Stage,' which discusses the following the environment without degradation, risk to environmental considerations:
health or safety, or other undesirable and unintended consequences;
"(a) the environmental impact of the
"(4) preserve important historic, cultural, and proposed action, natural aspects of our national heritage and "(b) any adverse environmental effects which maintain, wherever possible, an environment cannot be avoided should the proposal which supports diversity and variety of be implemented, individual choice;
"(c) alternatives to the proposed action,
"(5) achieve a balance between population and
"(d) the relationship between local resource use which will permit high standards short-term uses of man's environment of living and a wide sharing of life's and the maintenance and enhancement amenities; and
"(6) enhance the quality of renewable resources of long-term productivity, and and approach the maximum attainable recycling of depletable resources." 'Where the "applicant", as used in the Appendix, is a Federal agency, different arrangements for Implementing the National Environmental Policy Act may be made. pursuant to The obligation of the Commission with respect to the guidelines established by the Council on Environmental the furthering of the above aims derives from Quality.
I
INTRODUCTION
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS Executive Ordei 11514 (35 F.R. 4247) of March 4.
l9j0, by which all Federal agencies were required, to Prior to the issuance of a construction permit or the fullest extent possible, to direct their policies, an operating license for a nuclear power plant, the U.S. plans and programs to meeting the goals set oui in Atomic Energy Commission is required to assess the NEPA.
potential environmental effects of that plant in order to assure that issuance of the permit or license will be On April 2, 1970, the Conimission's initial consistent with the national environmental goals, as set implementation of NEPA was published (35 F.R.
forth by the National Environmental Policy Act of 5463) as an Appendix D to 10 CFR Part 50.
1969 (Public Law 91-190). In order to obtain Substantial amendments to Appendix D were published information essential to this assessment, the on December 4, 1970 (35 F.R. 18469), and further Commission requires each applicant for a permit or a minor amendments on July 7, 1971 (36 F.R. 12731).
license to submit a report on the potential On September 9, 1971, a major revision of Ar"'ndix environmental impacts of the proposed plant and D, entitled "Interim Statement of General PL,.,:. antd associated facilities. Procedure: Implementation of the National The national environmental goals as expressed by Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (P. L.91-190), was the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) are as published (36 F.R. 18071). A copy of Appendix D,
follows: with amendments to May 18, 1972, is attached as Appendix I.
" . . .it is the continuing responsibility of the Federal Government to use all practical means, cohisistent with other essential considerations of APPLICANT'S ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTS
national policy, to improve and coordinate Federal plans, functions, programs, and resources The revised Appendix D of 10 CFR 50 discusses, to the end that the Nation may- in the first five paragraphs of Section A, the required content of the Environmental Reports to be submitted
"(1) fulfill the responsibilities of each generation by the applicant:
as trustee of the environment for succeeding
"I. Each applicant' for a permit to construct a generations;
r aclear power reactor... shall submit with
"(2) assure for all Americans safe, healthful, his application three hundred copies.. .of a productive and esthetically and culturally separate document, entitled .'Applicant's pleasing surroundings;
Environmental Report-Construction Permit
"(3) attain the widest range of beneficial use of Stage,' which discusses the following thp environment without degradation, risk to environmental considerations:
health or safety, or other undesirable and unintended consequences;
"(a) the environmental impact of the
"(4) preserve important historic, cultural, and natural aspects of our national heritage and proposed action, maintain, wherever possible, an environment "(b) any adverse environmental effects which which supports diversity and variety of cannot be avoided should the proposal individual choice; be implemented,
"(c) alternatives to the proposed action,
"(5) achieve a balance between population and "(d) the relationship between local resource use which will permit high standards short-term uses of man's environment of living and a wide sharing of life's and the maintenance and enhancement amenities; and
"(6) enhance the quality of renewable resources of long-term productivity, and and approach the maximum attainable recycling of depletable resources." 'Where the "applicant", as used in the Appendix. is a Federal agency. different arrangements for Implementing the National Environmental Policy Act may be made, pursuant to The obligation of the Commission with respect to the guidelines established by the Council on Environmental the furthering of the above aims derives from Quality.
I
"(e) any irreversible and irretrievable the cost-benefit analysis prescribed in commitments of resources which would paragraph 3. While satisfaction of AEC
be involved in the proposed action standards and criteria pertaining to should it be implemented. radiological effects will be necessary to meet the licensing requirements of the Atomic
"2. The discussion of alternatives to the Energy Act, the cost-benefit analysis p-, posed action in the Environmental Report prescribed in paragraph 3 shall, for the required by paragraph I shall be sufficiently purposes of the National Environmental complete to aid the Commission in Policy Act, consider the radiological effects, developing and exploring, pursuant to section together with the thermal effects and other
102(2XD) of the National Environmental environmental effects, of the facility.
Policy Act, 'appropriate alternatives .. .in any propo.!,a. which involves unresolved
"5. Each applicant for a license to operate a conflicts L:.,tcrning alternative uses of production or utilization facility described in available resot. ,::-ic.'
"3. The Environmental Report required by paragraph I shall include a cost-benefit analysis which considers and balances the paragraph I shall submit with his application three hundred (300) copies ...of a separate document to be entitled 'Applicant's Environmental Report-Operating License
4 environmental effects of the facility and the Stage,' which discusses the same alternatives available for reducing or avoiding environmental considerations described in adverse environmental effects, as well as the paragraphs 14, but only to the extent that environmental, economic, technical and other they differ from those discussed in the benefits of the facility. The cost-benefit Applicant's Environmental Report previously analysis shall, to the fullest extent submitted in iccordance with paragraph I.
practicable, quantify the various factors The 'Applicant's Environmental considered. To the extent that such factors Report-Operating License Stage' may cannot be quantified, they shall be discussed incorporate by reference any information in qualitative terms. The Environmental contained in the Applicant's Environmental Report should contain sufficient data to aid Report previously submitted in accordance the Commission in its development of an with paragraph 1. With respect to the independent cost-benefit analysis covering operation of nuclear power reactors, the the factors specified in this paragraph. applicant, unless otherwise required by the Commission, shall submit the 'Applicant's Environmental Report-Operating License
"4. The Environmental Report required by paragraph I shall include a discussion of the Stage' only in connection with the first status of compliance of the facility with licensing action that would authorize applicable environmental quality standards full-power operation of the facility,3 except and requirements (including, but not limited that such report shall be submitted in to, thermal and other water quality standards connection with the conversion of a promulgated under the Federal Water provisional operating license to a full-term license."
Pollution Control Act) which have been imposed by Federal, State and regional agencies having responsibility for As is clear from the above paragraphs, two environmental protection. In addition, the Environmental Reports are required. The first is the environmental impact of the facility shall be "Applicant's Environmental Report-Construction fully discussed with respect to matters Permit Stage" which must be submitted in conjunction covered by such standards and requirements with the construction permit application. The second is irrespective of whether a certification from the "Applicant's Environmental Report-Operating the appropriate authority has been obtained License Stage," which must be submitted later in (including, but not limited to, any conjunction with the operating license application. The certification obtained pursuant to section second Report is, in effect, to be an updating of the
21(b) of the Federal Water Pollution Control first one and should:
Act 2 ). Such discussion shall be reflected in a. Discuss differences between currently projected environmental effects of the nuclear power plant
2No permit or license will, of course, be Issued with respect to an activity for which a certification required by section 21(b) of the Federal Water Pollution Act has not been sThis report is in addition to the report required at the obtained.
2 construction permit stage.
4
(including those which would degrade and those interval. The Draft Statement is made available to the which would enhance environmental conditions) general public in the same manner as the Report.
and the effects discussed in the Environmental Report submitted at the construction stage. As described in detail in paragraphs 6 through 9 of (Differences may result, for example, from Section A of the revised Appendix D, the regulatory changes in plans, changes in plant design, staff considers the comments on the Report and on availability of new or more detailed information, the Draft Statement received from the various Federal.
or changes in surrounding land use or zoning State, and local agencies and officials, from the classifications.)
applicant, and from private organizations and individuals, and prepares a "Final Detailed Statement b. Discuss the results of all studies which were not on the Environmental Considerations." The Final completed at the time of pre-construction review Statement is transmitted to the Council on and which were specified to be completed before Environmental Quality and is made "available to the pre.operational review. Indicate how the appropriate Federal, State and local agencies and State, results of these studies were factored into the regional, and metropolitan clearinghouses." A public design and proposed operation of the plant. announcement is made and a notice of availability published in the Federal Register.
c. Describe in detail the monitoring programs which have been and will be undertaken to determine the effects of the operating plant on the Subsequent hearings and action on the environment. Include the results of preoperational environmental aspects involved in issuance of a monitoring activities. A listing of types of construction permit or operating license are based on measurements, kinds, and numbers of. samples the Commission's Final Environmental Statement. The collected, frequencies, and analyses should be Environmental Statement takes into account provided and the locations described and information from many sources, including the indicated on a map of the area. applicant's Environmental Report and its supplements, and the comments of the various governmental d. Discuss those planned studies, that are not yet agencies, the applicant, and private organization- and completed, that may yield results relevant to the individuals.
environmental impact of the plant. The applicant's Environmental Report is an important document of public record. Therefore, the COMMISSION ACTION ON ENVIRONMENTAL applicant is urged to give full attention to the REPORTS
completeness of the Report.
As noted in paragraph 6 of Section A of the revised Appendix D to 10 CFR 50, the Commission places each applicant's Environmental Report in the PREPARATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTS
AEC's Public Document Room in Washington, D.C.
and in a local public document room near the The second Section of this Introduction, with proposed site. The Report is also made available to the particular reference to the paragraphs quoted from the public at the appropriate State, regional and revised Appendix D of 10 CFR 50, provides general metropolitan clearinghouses. At the same time, a information concerning the content of the applicant's public announcement is made and a summary notice Environmental Report. To provide specific and detailed published in the FederalRegister. guidance, the following "Standard Format and Content of Environmental Reports for Nuclear Power Plants"
The applicant's Environmental Report, relevant has been prepared. Each applicant should follow this published information, and any comments received format in detail.
from interested persons are considered by the Commission's regulatory staff in preparing a "Draft If any topics in the guide relate to information Detailed Statement of Environmental Considerations" not available at the time the Environmental Report is concerning the proposed licensing action. The prepared, the applicant should indicate when the regulatory staff's Draft Statement and the applicant's information will be available. If any topics are not Environmental Report are transmitted for comment to relevant to the particular plant under consideration, the Council on Environmental Quality, to certain the applicant should identify them.
Federal agencies, and "to the Governor or appropriate State and local officials, who are authorized to develop and enforce environmental standards, of any affected Descriptive and/or narrative text as well as tables, State." Comments on the Report and the. Draft charts, graphs, etc. should be used. Each subject should Statement are requested within a specified time be treated in sufficient depth and should be
3
documented 4 to permit a reviewer independently to The site for a nuclear power plant may already evaluate the extent of the environmental impact. The contain one or more "unr&' (i.e. steam-electric plants),
either in being or for which an application for a exact length of the Environmental Report will depnd not only on the format adopted but, also and more importantly, on the nature of the plant and its environment. Tables, line drawings, and photographs construction permit or operating license has been filed.
The applicant, in preparing the Environmental Report relating to such a site, should consider the effec's of
4 should be used wherever contributory to the clarity the proposed plant (and its in-service schedule) in and brevity of the Report. Descriptive and narrative conjunction with the effects of both pre-existing and passages should be brief and concise. The number of projected' plants. Further, if the site contains sources significant figures stated in numerical data should of environmental impact other than electric power plants, the environmental impact of these and their reflect the accuracy of the-data.
interactions with the proposed plant should be taken into account.
Pertinent published information relating to the site, the plant, and its surroundings should be CRITERIA AND TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
referenced. Where published information is essential to RELATING TO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
evaluate specific environmental effects of the plant construction and operation, it should be included, in Prior to issuance of a construction permit, the applicant summary or verbatim form, in the Environmental Report or as an appendix to the report. will be required to prepare and submit, where applicable, proposed criteria and technical specifications relating to environmental impact. The criteria should be those Some of the information to be included in the identified for use in construction and operation of the Environmental Report may have already been prepared facility to minimize environmental impact. The by the applicant during consideration of the safety technical specifications should specify the limits of aspects of the proposed facility. In such cases, this chemical and thermal releases to the environment information (whether in the form of text, tables or during construction and operation. Administrative figures) should be incorporated in the Environmental procedures, surveillance and controls to assure Report where appropriate to. avoid duplication of compliance with the proposed criteria and technical effort. specifications should also be identified.
4
4,,Documentation" as used in this Guide means presentation of evidence supporting data and stalements and Includes: (I) references to published Information, (2) citations from the applicant's experience, (3) references to unpublished information developed by the applicant or the applicant's consultants. Statements not supported by documentation are acceptable provided the applicant identifies them either as Information for which documentation Is not available or as 'Projected plants are those for which an application for a expressions of belief or judgment.
4 construction permit or operating license has been filed.
I
STANDARD FORMAT AND CONTENT OF
ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTS FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
1. OBJECTIVES OF THE PROPOSED FACILITY
This Section should discuss the objectives of the c) Load duration curves or information proposed facility - the power requirement to be derived from such curves to indicate satisfied, the system reliability to be achieved, any economic or other reasons for type other primary objectives to be met - and.should do of generation selected.
so in sufficient detail to make clear those aspects of the power requirement and system reliability, such 1.1.2 Power supply as date of readiness, that will directly influence the choice of alternatives as presented in subsequent This Section should discuss briefly the sections of the Environmental Report. applicant's bulk power supply planning and present actual and projected
1.1 Requirement for power generating capabilities, capacity purchases and capacity sales at the time of annual This Section should discuss the requirement system peak.hour demand for the five for the proposed nuclear unit(s) in the years preceding filing of this Report applicant's system and in the region, through at least two years beyond the considering the overall power supply situation, projected initial date of commercial present load and projected load growth, operation of the last nuclear unit with reserve margins, and consequences of delay in which the Environmental Report is providing the proposed new generation concerned.
capacity on adequacy and reliability of the bulk power supply. The data presented should 1.1.2.1 Capacity resources be consistent with that furnished to the Federal Power Commission and the Regional a) Capability assigned to each Reliability Council. category of generation:
hydroelectric, fossil, nuclear.
1.1.1 Demand characteristics pumped storage, etc.
b) Capacity sales.
The applicant should present data on the c) Capacity purchases.
past pattern of demand characteristics and d) New generating units and their a forecast of future market trends. The projected capabilities.
presentation should include summary e) Planned retirements of present results of an appropriate sensitivity capacities for economic, analysis indicating thi basis of demand environmental or other reasons.
forecasts, such as average income, present per capita consumption, or other 1.1.2.2 Reserve margin correlates of power demand. The data identified below should include the five The applicant's minimum system years preceding the filing of the reserve criterion should be described.
Environmental Report through at least The basis and justification for its two years beyond the projected initial adoption should be presented.
date of commercial operation of the last nuclear, unit with which the Report is Describe the method employed to concerned. determine the minimum system reserve criterion such as single largest a) Annual system peak-hour demand, unit, probability method based on b) Annual system peak-hour demand loss of load one day in ten years, or adjusted to reflect firm power historical data and judgment. if transactions with other power probabilistic studies are used as a suppliers, and planning tool the results should be
5
stated along with the significant input The block diagram should represent the data utilized, such as the load model, applicant's system capability resources generating unit characteristics (MWe), showing two categories of input:
(including forced outage rates and maintenance schedules), the duration of periods examined, and a general
(1) the applicant's system generating capabilities (MWe) according to type (fossil, hydro, nuclear, other), and (2) the
4 description of the methodology capacity transactions (MWe) and other employed. arrangements with outside organization(s).
(Identify each outside organization.)
Discuss the effect of operation of the proposed nuclear unit(s) on the The output of the block representing the applicant's minimum system reserve applicant's system capability resources should consist of: (1) the peak demand criterion. In addition, discuss the effects of present and planned (MWe) for each load market category interconnections on the minimum (industrial, commercial, residential, other),
system reserve criterion. and (2) the peak demand (MWe) for each wholesale market category (municipal, Describe the minimum reserve margin cooperative, other).
responsibility to other participants of the area coordinating group or power In addition, the output should show pool. system firm power transactions, approximate total system losses, and system reserve, all in MW
e. A separate
1.1.3 System demand and resource capability block diagram should be provided for each comparison generating unit with which the Environmental Report is concerned.
Show applicant's system demand, resource capability and reserve margin with and without the proposed nuclear unit(s). The 1.1.5 Report from Regional Reliability information should be presented on two Council graphs:
Submit the report by the appropriate Applicant's system demand or resources (MWe) versus yeai,: 5 curves showing capability resources with the proposed unit(s) in operation, capability resources Regional Reliability Council(s) which identifies the requirement for power in the affected area.
4 without the proposed unit(s), annual system peak demand, generating This report should include:
capability with the proposed unit(s), and a) Description of the minimum reserve generating capability without the criterion for the region or qubregion.
proposed unit(s). b) Identification. description and brief discussion of studies conducted by Applicant's reserve margin (as percent of the Council to determine the annual system peak demand) versus years: adequacy and reliability of power
2 curves showing reserve margin with the supply in the region or subregion for unit(s) and reserve margin without the the first three years of commercial unit(s). operation of the proposed nuclear In all graplis the years, plotted as unit(s) at the time of annual abscissae, should be from five years peak-hour demand.
preceding the date of filing of the c) The latest date the proposed nuclear Environmental Report through at least unit(s) can be placed in commercial two years after the scheduled initial date operation without endangering the of operation of the last unit. adequacy and reliability of the projected bulk power supply.
1.1.4 Input and output diagram
1.2 Other primary objectives A block diagram should be submitted showing the applicant's system power If other primary objectivws are to be met by input and output (power consumption) at the proposed facility, such as the production the time of peak-hour demand for for the of process steam for sale, or desalting water, first year of commercial operation.
6 an analysis of these should be made.
I
1.3 Consequences of delay compass directions identified by marked lines radiating from the reactor building location.
The economic and other consequences of The 10-mile map should have circles, centered delays in the proposed project should be at the reactor building location, of I, 2, 3. 4, discussed. Where the applicant has a legal 5, and 10 miles radius; on the 50-mile map, obligation to supply energy to meet the circles with radii of 5, 10. 20, 30, 40 and 50
demands of a specified area, the nature and miles should be drawn. The populations (1970
extent of this obligation should be made clear. census) of the towns and cities shown on the The role of the proposed facility in fulfilling maps should be indicated either on tlte maps the applicant's obligation should be discussed. or in a separate tabulation.
The applicant should discuss the effects of The above maps will show 22.5' segments delaying the scheduled in-service date of the bounded by arcs and compass lines. Prepare a proposed nuclear unit(s) on the adequacy and duplicate pair of maps, omitting the towns reliability of the power supply for the and cities, and bisect each angle formed by applicant's systems, subregion and region, as two adjacent compass lines with a broken line.
well as for other interconnected utilities in the This will generate sectors centered with subregion or region. respect to the compass directions. The permanent and transient populations within
2. THE SITE these sectors should be tabulated for the following: 1970 (census), year of proposed This Section should present the basic, relevant plant startup, and census years through the anticipated life of the plant.
information concerning those physical, biological, and human characteristics of the area environment that might be affected by the construction and Descriptive material should include tables operation of a nuclear power plant on the giving the population and visitor statistics of designated site. To the extent possible, the neighboring schools, plants, hospitals, sports information presented should reflect observations facilities, residential areas. parks, beaches, etc.,
and measurements made over a period of years. within 5 miles from the plant. Indicate the nature and extent of present land use
2.1 Site location and layout (agriculture, livestock raising, dairies.
residences, industries, recreation, Provide a map showing the coordinates of the transportation. etc.).
site and its location with respect to State, county and other political subdivisions. On Indicate the nature and extent of present detailed maps show location of the plant water use (water supplies, irrigation, perimeter, exclusion area boundary, utility recreatioti, transportation, etc.) with ihe plant property, abutting and adjacent properties, site and environs. The applicant should including water bodies, wooded areas, and provide data concerning any drawdown of farms, nearby settlements, industrial plants. ground water caused by withdrawals from parks and other public facilities, and neighboring major industrial and municipal transportation links (railroads, highways, wells and how they may result in the waterways). Indicate total acreage owned by transport of material from the site to those or the applicant and that part occupied or other wells. All points of water usage of a modified by the plant and plant facilities. stream or lake within 50 miles should be Indicate other uses, if any, of applicant's identified and the population associated with property and the acreage devoted to these each use point given. In addition, all uses. Describe any plans for site modifications, population centers taking water from waterwavs from the plant to the ocean should such as a visitor's center or park. A contour map of the site should also be supplied. be tabulated (distance and population).
Sources which are river bank wells should be
2.2 Regional demography, land and water use tabulated separately with their associated population.
Two maps indicating the locations and areas of towns and cities should be provided, with Note whether any other nuclear facilities are the first covering an area of 10-mile radius located within a 50-mile radius of the site.
centered at the proposed plant location and the second covering an area of 50-mile radius. The degree of detail to be provided will Each map should present the 16 cardinal generally depend upon distance from the
7
plant; that is, nearby activities (within 5 miles Monthly and daily maxima, averages, and from the plant) should be desc:ribed in greater minima of important parameters of ground detail than those at greater distances. and surface waters, such as temperature, flow
2.3 Regional historic Pnd natural landmarks Areas valued for either their historic or rate, velocity, water table height. gas and chemical stratification, circulation patterns, river and lake levels, tides, floods, currents, wave action, and flushing times, should be
4 natural significance may be affected. The presented. Vertical and areal variations should Environmental Report should include a brief be established on a regional basis as well as in discussion of the historic and natural the immediate vicinity of the site. If data are significance, if any, of the plant site and available, ground water contours (including nearby areas with specific attention to the seasonal variations) within 2 or 3 miles of the sites and areas listed in the National Register plant should be presented. (Note that water of Historic Places and the National Registry of use at the site is discussed in Section 2.2.)
Natural Landrnarks. (The 1972 cumulative revision of the National Register is in the 2.6 Meteorology Federal Register of March 15, 1972, 37 F.R.
5428; additions are published in the Federal Present data on site meteorology: (I) diurnal Register on the first Tuesday of each month.) and monthly averages and extremes of State and local historical societies should also temperature and humidity; (2) monthly wind be consulted. In addition, indicate whether or characteristics including speeds, directions.
not the site has any archaeological significance frequencies and joint wind speed, stability and explain how conclusions were reached. If category, wind direction frequencies; (3) data such significance or value is present, describe on precipitation; (4) frequency of occurrence plans to ensure its preservation. and effects of storms accompanied by high velocity winds including tornadoes and State whether the proposed transmission line hurricanes. (In the second item, the joint wind right-of-way from the plant to the hook-up speed-stability-direction frequencies should be with existing system (Section 3.9) will pass presented in tabular form, giving the through or near any area or location of frequencies as fractions when using 5-year known historic, natural, or archaeological U.S. Weather Bureau summaries, or as number significance.
2.4 Geology of occurrences when using only one or two years of onsite data. The data should be presented for each of the 16 cardinal compass directions, and the stability categories should
4 Describe the major geological aspects of the be established to conform as closely as site and its immediate environs. The discussion possible with those of Pasquill.)
should be limited to noting the broad features and general characteristics of the site and 2.7 Ecology environs (stratigraphy, soil and rock types, faults, seismic history). In this Section the applicant should identify the important local flora and fauna, their
2.5 Hydrology habitats and distribution as well as the relationship between species and their The effects of plant construction and environments. A species, whether animal or operation on any adjacent above-ground or plant, is "important" if it is commercially or below-ground bodies of water are of prime recreationally valuable, if it is rare or importance. Accordingly, describe the endangered, if it is of specific scientific physical, chemical, and hydrological interest or if it is necessary to the well-being characteristics (and their seasonal variations) of some significant species (e.g., a food chain of surface and ground waters (marshes, lakes, component) or to the balance of the streams, estuaries, bays, oceans, etc.) of the ecological system.
site and the immediate environs. Include a description of significant tributaries above and In cataloging the local organisms, the below the site and the pattern and gradients applicant should identify and discuss the of drainage in the area. Note that information abundance of the terrestrial vertebrates, relating to water characteristics should include provide a map that shows the dist1fibution of measurements made on or in close proximity the principal plant communities, and describe to the site.
I
the plant communities and animal populations
8
within the aquatic environments. The should appraise and discuss the reaction of discussion should include species that migrate interested citizen groups to locating the through the area or use it for breeding proposed facility at this site.
grounds.
3. THE PLANT
The discussion of species-environment relationships should include descriptions of The operating plant and transmission system are to area usage (e.g. habitat, breeding, etc.); it be described in this Section. Since the should- include life histories of important environmental effects are of primary concern in regional animals, tE.-ir normal population the Report, the plant effluents and plant.related fluctuations and their habitat requirements systems that interact with the environment should (e.g. thermal tolerance ranges); and it should be described in particular detail.
include identification of food chains and other interspecies relationships, particularly when 3.1 External appearance these are contributory to predictions or evaluations of the impact of the nuclear plant The building layout, plant perimeter, on the regional biota. exclusion boundary, and plant profile should be shown to scale. by line drawings or other Identify any definable pre-existing illustrative techniques.
environmental stresses from sources such as pollutants, as well as any ecological conditions The architectural design and efforts to make suggestive of such stresses. Describe the status the structures and grounds aesthetically of ecological succession. Discuss any pleasing should be noted.
important histories of disease occurring in the regional biota as well as vectors or reservoirs The location and elevation of release points of disease, or serious infestations by pest for liquid and gaseous wastes should be clearly spe'cies. indicated.
The sources of information should be 3.2 Reactor and steam-electric system identified. As part of this identification, present a list of any published material dealing The reactor type (BWR, PWR, HTGR, etc.),
with the ecology of the region. Locate and manufacturer, architect-engineer, number of describe any ecological or biological studies of units, and kind (make) of turbine generator the site or its environs now in progress. should be stated. The fuel (cladding, enrichment, etc.) should be describe
d. Rated
2.8 Background radiological characteristics and design electrical and thermal power of. the reactor as well as the in-plant electrical power Regional radiological data, including both consumption should be given.
natural background radiation levels and results of measurements of any concentrations of radioactive materials occurring in important 3.3 Plant water use biota, in soil and rocks and in regional surface waters should be reported. These data, A quantitative water-use diagram for the plant whether determined during the applicant's should be presented, showing water flows to preoperational surveillance program (see and from the various plant water systems Section 6.1.5) or obtained from other sources, (heat dissipation system, sanitary system, should be referenced. radwaste and chemical waste systems, process water system, etc.) The sources and condition
2.9 Other environmental features (quality) of the water in each input and output should be described. Show total For certain sites, some relevant information consumptive use of water by the plant. The on the plant environs may not clearly fall above data which quantify plant water use within the scope of the preceding topics. should be tabulated for various plant Additional information may be required with conditions including maximum power respect to some environmental features in operation, minimum anticipated power order to reflect the value of the site and site operation, temporary shutdown, with and environs to important segments of the without cooling towers and cooling ponds (if population. Such information should be seasonal usage is planned). To avoid excessive included here. Where relevant, the applicant detail on the diagram, cross-reference other
9
sections (e.g., Sections 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7) for estimated quantities, volumes and flow rates relevant data. from all sources, expected aecontamination factors, holding times, and expected frequency
3.4 Heat dissipation system Heat-removal facilities should be discussed in and magnitude of variations from normal operating conditions. (Accident conditions are to be discussed under Section 7.)
4 detail. Simplified flow diagrams, sketches of intake and outfall structures are essential. The Indicate which radwaste systems are used reasons for providing the particular facilities singly and which are used jointly with other (such as water resources limitations or units at the site, as applicable. List all reduction of thermal effects) should be noted. radionuclides (and their half-lives) that will be The source of the cooling water should be discharged with each effluent stream and give identified. (Its natural temperature, including the expected anoual average release rates. If monthly changes and stratification, should be the release rates are intermittent, give the described in Section 2.5.) maximum release rates and times involved.
Supply all pertinent supporting information, Topics to be covered include: quantity of heat including a description of assumptions and dissipated; quantity of water withdrawn, computational methods used. Identify the consumptive use, return: design, size, and physical characteristics of all radioactive location of cooling towers, cooling lakes or effluents-particulate. ionic, gaseous, etc.
spray ponds: air, water flow rates, pertinent temperatures, estimates of quantity of drift State the concentrations of all liquid effluent atid drizzle (and methods used in making radionuclides prior to mixing with receiving estimates) for cooling towers: blowdown water body (e.g.. stream, lake, estuary). These volume, ,ate of discharge and physical and concentrations should take into account chemical characteristics for towers and ponds; dilution by plant water bodies such as cooling temperature changes, rate of changes and ponds or canals which receive effluents prior holdup times in cooling ponds; rate of to mixing with the receiving water body.
evaporation of water from towers or ponds; Seasonal and operational variations in dilution information on dams or dikes where a cooling water usage in radwaste effluents should be reservoir is created; design and location of stated.
water intake structures, including water depth, flow and velocity, screens. number and capacity of pumps at intake structure;
Describe the orifices (high stacks or vents)
from which airborne or gaseous radioactive U
temperature differences between withdrawn materials are to be emitted, giving base and and returned water; time of travel across orifice elevations, inside diameter and shape.
condenser and to end of contained discharge In cases where the height of the emitting lines for different months and flows. details of orifice is less than 2.5 times that of outfall design including discharge flow and surrounding buildings, supply relevant velocity. Descriptions should include information on height, location, and shape of operational modes of important subsystems. nearby buildings and structures. (Cross Describe procedures for reducing the thermal reference to Section 3.1 as appropriate).
shock to aquatic biota during shutdown or Provide data on effluent velocity, volume flow refueling. rate from the orifice, and the temperature of the effluent gases if appreciably different from Procedures and schedules for removal and ambient.
disposal of blowdown of slimes and algal growth in the system, and of trash collected 3.6 Chemical and biocide systems at the intake structures, should be described.
Data on relevant chemical constituents should Describe chemical additives (including be presented in Section 3.6. corrosion inhibitors, chemical and biological antifouling agents), corrosion products, waste
3.5 Radwaste systems Provide a detailed description of the radwaste 'The information requested here is commonly called the
"source term." The applicant's attention is directed to the set systems including flow diagrams showing of questions in Appendix 2 of this Guide. The responses to origin, treatment, and disposal of all solid, these constitute the basic data required in calculating the source term. The set of questions may be used by the liquid, and gaseous radioactive waste generated applicant as a checklist to ensure the completeness of data by the plant under consideratio
n. List
10
presented in this Section of the Report.
11
streams or discharges from chemical processing Estimate the annual weight, volume and and water treatment that may enter the local activity of radioactive waste materials (e.g..
environment as a result of plant operation. spent resins and air filters) to be shipped from Maximum and average concentrations of the site. Categorize the wastes according to chemicals and solids in any brines or whether they are liquid, solid or gaseous. Any cooling-system effluents should be given. processing that may be required before Ground deposition of chemicals and solids shipment, such as compacting or consolidating entrained in spray fallout should be estimated. with vermiculite and cement, should he The discussion should include description of described.
procedures by which effluents will be treated, controlled and discharged, the expected 3.9 Transmission facilities nominal and maximum concentrations for each discharge, and the quantities that will be The Environmental Report should contain discharged in a specified time. Seasonal and sufficient information to permit evaluation of operational variations in discharges should be the environmental impact of transmission lines described. A flow diagram (which may also be and related facilities that must be constructed combined with the liquid radwaste system) to convey energy from the proposed nuclear should be included. installation to an interconnecting point or points on the existing distribution system. For material useful in preparing this subsection.
3.7 Sanitary and other waste systems the applicant is advised to consult the Department of Interiot/Department of Describe any other nonradioactive solid or Agriculture publication entitled liquid waste materials, such as sanitary and "Environmental Criteria for Electric chemical laboratory wastes, laundry and Transmission Systems" (U.S. Government decontamination solutions, that may be Printing Office, 1971) and the Federal Power created during plant operation. Describe the Commission publication "Electoic Power manner in which they will be treated and Transmission and the Environment."
controlled and describe procedures for disposal.
This portion of the Report should identify Describe any other gaseous effluents (i.e., and discuss parameters of possible from diesel engines, gas turbines, heating environmental significance, including radiated plants, incinerators) created during plant electrical and acoustic noise, induced or operation; estimate the frequency of release conducted ground currents, and ozone and describe how they will be treated before production.
release to the environment.
The applicant should supply contour maps and/or aerial photographs showing the
3.8 Radioactive materials inventory proposed right-of-way and identifying any existing substation(s) or other point(s) at The transportation of radioactive materials has which the transmission line(s) will connect potential environmental effects (to be with the existing distribution system. The discussed in Section 5.3). In this Section the lengths and widths of the proposed radioactive materials to be transported to and rights-of-way should be specified. Any access from the site should be described. roads, maintenance roads and new facilities located on or near the right-of-way should be Describe the type of fresh fuel to be used and shown. The applicant should indicate whether the quantity to be shipped to the site each the land adjacent to the right-of-way has year. The form of fuel, enrichment, cladding, residential, agricultural, industrial or total weight per shipment, and expected form recreational uses. Any area where construction of packaging should be discussed. of the transmission line(s) will require permanent clearing of vegetation, changes in Estimate the weight of irradiated fuel to be topography, or removal of manmade shipped from the site per year, the number of structures should also be indicated as well as shipments per year, the average and maximum areas where the transmission line(s) will be burnup for each shipment, the cooling time placed underground. Indicate the degree to required prior to each shipment, and the which the above-ground lines will be visible expected form of packaging to be used. from frequently traveled public roads.
II
Adequate descriptions of proposed line-related In the land use discussion, describe how facilities, such as substations, should be construction activities may disturb the existing included in the Report. This portion of the Report should provide detailed profile drawings of the various types of transmission structures, including dimensions and specifying terrain and wildlife habitats. Consider the effects of such activities as creating building material supply areas; building temporary or permanent roads, bridges, service lines;
I
their color and finish. The type, number and disposing of trash, excavating and land filling.
configuration of conductors and the color, Provide information bearing on suL.h questions number and configuration of insulators should as: How much land will be torn up? For how be described and illustrated as appropriate. long? Will there be dust or smoke problems?
What explosives will be used? Where and how
4. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF SITE often? Indicate proximity of human PREPARATION, PLANT AND TRANSMISSION populations and identify undesirable impacts FACILITIES CONSTRUCTION on their environment arising from noise, from inconvenience due to the movement of men, The construction of a nuclear power plant and material, machines, including activities related faci.ities will inevitably affect the associated with any provision of housing, environment; some of the effects will be adverse. transportation, educational facilities for Effects are considered adverse if environmental workers arI their families. Describe any change or stress causes some biotic population or expected changes in accessibility of historical nonviable resource to be less safe, less healthy, less and archaeological sites in the region. Discuss abundant, less productive, less aesthetically or measure!. designed to mitigate or reverse culturally pleasing, as applicable; or if the change undesirable effects, such as erosion control, or stress reduces the diversity and variety of dust stabilization, landscape restoration, individual choice, the standard of living, or the control of truck traffic, restoration of affected extent of sharing of life's amenities; or if the animal habitat.
change or stress tends to lower the quality of renewable resources or to impair the recycling of The discussion should also include any effects depletable resources. The severity of unavoidable of site preparation and plant construction adverse effects should be reduced to minimum activities whose consequences may be practicable levels.
In the applicant's discussion of adverse environmental effects, it should be made clear beneficial to the region, as, for example, the use of spoil to create playgrounds and/or recreational facilities.
I
which of these are considered unavoidable and subject to later amelioration and which are The discussion of water use should describe regarded as unavoidable and irreversible. Those the impingement of site preparation and effects which represent an irretrievable construction activities on regional water commitment of resources should receive detailed (lakes, streams, ground water, etc.). Such consideration in Section 4.3. (In the context of activities would include the construction of this discussion, "irretrievable commitment of cofferdams, and/or storm sewers, dredging resources" alludes to natural sources and means a operations, placement of fill material in the permanent impairment of these, e.g., loss of water, and the creation of shoreside facilities wildlife habitat; destruction of nesting, breeding or involving bulkheads, piers, jetties, basins or nursing areas; interference with migratory routes; other structures enabling ingress or egress loss of valuable or aesthetically treasured natural from the plant by water. Examples of other areas; as well as expenditure of directly utilized pertinent activities are the construction of resources.) intake and discharge structures for cooling water or other purposes, straightening or
4.1 Site preparation and plant construction deepening a water channel and operations affecting water levels (flooding), etc. The The applicant should organize the discussion applicant should describe the effects of these in terms of the effects of site preparation and activities on navigation, fish and wildlife plant construction on (a) land use and (b) resources, water quality, water supply, water use. The applicant should consider aesthetics and so on as applicable. Measures to consequences to both human and wildlife mitigate undesirable effects, such as flood and populations and indicate which ate pollution control, installation of fish ladders unavoidable, reversible, etc. according to the or elevators and other procedures for habitat categorization set forth earlier in this Section.
12 improvement should be described.
I
4.2 Transmission facilities construction the applicant should avoid repeating the material presented in Sections 2 and 3. Measures planned The effects of construction and installation of to reduce any undesirable effect of plant operation transmission line towers and facilities on the on the environment should be described in detail.
land and on the people, including those living in and those visiting or traveling through the In the discussion of environmental effects, as in adjacent area, should be discussed in this Section 4. effects that are considered unavoidable Section. (Refer to Section 3.9 for the basic but either inherently temporary or subject to later information.) amelioration should be clearly distinguished from those regarded as unavoidable and irreversible.
The following topics may serve as guidelines Those effects which represent an irretrievable for this discussion but the applicant should commitment of resources should receive detaill.d include additional material if it is relevant: consideration in Section 5.8.
a) Any permanent changes that will be The impacts of operation of the proposed facility induced in the physical and biological should be, to the fullest extent practicable.
processes of plant and wild life through quantified and systematically presented.' In the the changes in the hydrology, topography discussion of each impact. the applicant should or ground cover during construction and make clear whether the supporting evidence is installation of the transmission lines. based on theoretical, laboratory, on-site, or field b) Total length of new lines and number of studies undertaken on this or on previous towers through and in various categories occasions. The source of each impact-the plant of visually sensitive land .(that is sensitive subsystem, waste effluent-and the population or to presence of transmission lines and resource affected should be made clear in each towers) such as natural shoreline, case The impacts should be distinguished in terms marshland, wildlife refuges, parks, of their effects on surface water bodies, national and state monuments, scenic ground water, air, and land.
areas, recreation areas, historic areas, national forests and/or heavily timbered Finally, as directed by the Guidelines of the Council areas, shelter belts, steep slopes, on Environmental Quality (36 F.R. 7724, April 23, wilderness areas. 1971), the applicant should discuss the relationship c) Number and length of new access and between local short-term uses of man's environment service roads required. and the maintenance and enhancement of long-term d) Erosion directly traceable to construction productivity. In accordance with this directive, the activities. applicant should assess the action for cumulative e) Plans for protection of wildlife, for and long-term effects from the point of view that disposal of slash and unmerchantable each generation is trustee of the environment for timber, and for cleanup and restoration of each succeeding generation. This means considering, area affected by clearing and construction for example, the commitment of a water source to activities. use as a cooling medium in terms of impairment of other actual or potential uses, and any other
4.3 Resources committed long-term effects to which the operation of this facility may contribute.
Discuss any irreversible and irretrievable commitments of resources (loss of land, S.1 Effects of operation of heat dissipation system destruction of biota, etc.) which are expected should site preparation and plant and Waste heat, dissipated by the system described transmission facilities construction proceed. in Section 3.4, alters the thermal conditions of Such losses should be evaluated in terms of the environment. In all cases the heat is their relative and long term net, as well as eventually transferred to the atmosphere.
absolute, impacts. (See Section 5.8 of this Guide for more detailed consideration.) Since the transfer is usually effected through the surface of a river, pond, lake, estuary or
5. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF PLANT ocean or by the evaporation of water in a OPERATION cooling tower, the hydrology of the This Section describes the interaction of the plant (discussed in Section 3) and the environment *'Quantincation of environmental costs is discussed in (discussed in Section 2). To the extent possible, Section 10.
13
environment (Section 2.5) and thd aquatic as immature fish and the resultant implications ecology (Section 2.7) are of primary for the important species and functional groups importance in determining what effects the should be discussed.
released heat will have on the environment.
Describe the effect that the heated effluent will have on the temperature of the receiving body The applicant should discuss the potential biological effects of modifying the natural circulation of the water body, especially where
4 of water with respect to space and time. water is withdrawn from one region or zone Describe changes in temperature caused by and discharged into another. This includes such drawing water from one depth and discharging factors as dissolved oxygen, nutrients, scouring, it at another. The predicted characteristics of and suspended sediments.
the mixing zone and temperature changes in the receiving body of water as a whole should be Plant-inJuced changes in the temperature of the covered. Include seasonal effects. Discuss any discharged water subsequent to environmental model studies that have been performed to stabilization, can affect aquatic life in the determine these characteristics, giving receiving body. Accordingly, the applicant references to reports that provide supporting should discuss the possible effects of reactor details. Indicate whether the discharge could shutdown (and other temporary related affect the quality of the waters of any other conditions) including the dependence of effects State or States. on the season in which shutdown occurs. An estimate of the number of scheduled and Describe the thermal standards applicable to unscheduled shutdowns per year should be the water source (including maximum given. Refueling schedules should be indicated, permissible temperature, maximum permissible particularly where temperature cycling in the increase, mixing zones, and maximum rates of receiving waters is likely to be large (e.g.,
increase and decrease) and whether, and to refueling in winter). Discuss steps to be taken what extent, these standards have been to mitigate the effects of shutdown.
approved by the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency in Discuss the expected environmental effects, if accordance with the Federal Water Pollution any, of heat dissipation facilities such as cooling Control Act, as amended. towers, lakes, spray ponds, or techniques such Describe the effects of released heat on marine and fresh.water life. Give basis for prediction of as dilution with additional water or diffuser systems on the local environment and on agriculture, housing, highway safety, airports,
4 effects. In this discussion, appropriate or other facilities with respect to references to the baseline ecological data meteorological phenomena including fog or presented in Section 2.7 should be made. icing, cooling tower blowdown and drift, noise.
Expected thermal effects should be related to If fog or icing may occur, the estimated hours the optimum and tolerance temperature ranges per year, distances, directions, and for important (as defined in Section 2.7) transportation arteries potentially affected aquatic species and the food base which should be presented. Consider possible supports them. The evaluation should consider synergistic effects that might result from not only the mixing zone, but the entire mixing with other effluents in the atmosphere.
regional aquatic habitat potentially affected by (Environmental effects of chemicals discharged operation of the proposed plant. from cooling tower blowdown Ind drift should be discussed in Section 5.4).
Potential hazards of the cooling water intake and discharge structures (described in Section
3A) to fish species and food base organisms 5.2 Radiological impact on biota other than man should be identified and steps planned to measure and minimize the hazards should be In this Section the applicant should consider discussed. Diversion techniques should be the impact on biota other than man discussed in light of information obtained from attributable to the release of radioactive ecological studies on fish population, size, and materials from the facility. Specifically, the habitats. discussion should include an estimate of typical maximum dose rates (rad/year) for species of The effects of passage through the condenser local flora and local and migratory fauna on zooplankton, phytoplankton, considered to be "important" as defined in Section 2.7i I
meroplankton, and small nektonic forms such
14
5.2.1 Exposure pathways the estimates should be based on site.specific data if available- otherwise, The various possible pathways for radiation exposure of the important local flora and values from the literature may be used. The applicant should tabulate and reference the local and migratory fauna should be values of bioaccumulation factors used in identified and described in textual and the calculations.
flowchart format. (An example of an exposure pathway chart is given in Appendix 3.) The pathways should include Since the region may contain many the important routes of radionuclide important specics, the applicant should translocation (including food chains limit the calculations to estimating the leading to important species) to organisms dose rates experienced by selected species (indicator organisms) from habitats or sites.
(terrestrial and/or aqueous) having the
5.2.2 Radioactivity in environment highest potential for radiation exposure.
In Section 3.5, the radionuclide 5.3 Radiological impact on man concentrations in the liquid and gaseous effluents from the facility are listed. In this In this Section the applicant should consider Section, the applicant should consider how the radiological effects of facility operation and these effluents are quantitatively transportation of radioactive materials on manl.
distributed in the environment. Estimates of the radiological impact on man via Specifically, estimates should be provided various exposure pathways should be provided.
for the radionuclide concentrations in any surface waters (including the water that receives any liquid radioactive effluents), 5.3.1 Exposure pathways on land areas, and on vegetation (on a per unit area basis) in the environs. If there are The various possible pathways for radiation other components of the physical exposure of man should be identified and environment that may become described in textual and flowchart format.
contaminated and thus cause the exposure (An example of an exposure pathway chart of living organisms to nuclear radiations, is given in Appendix 3.) As a minimum, the they should be identified and their following pathways should be evaluated:
radioactivity burden estimated. In drinking; swimming; fishing: eating fish.
addition, information concerning any invertebrates, and plants.
cumulative buildup of radionuclides in the environment, such as in sediments, should be presented and discussed. 5.3.2 Liquid effluents
5.2.3 Dose rate estimates Estimate the expected annual average concentrations of radioactive nuclides From considerations of the exposure (listed in Section 3.5) in receiving water at pathways and the distribution of locations where water is consumed or facility-derived radioactivity in the otherwise used by human beings or where environs, the applicant should estimate the it is inhabited by biota of significance to maximum radionuclide concentrations that human food chains. (if discharges are may be present in important local flora and local and migratory fauna and the resultant intermittent, concentration peaks as well as dose rates (rad/year). Values of annual averages should be estimated.)
bioaccumulation factors 2 used in preparing Specify the dilution factors used in preparing the estimates and the locations where the dilution factors are applicable.
2The bloaccumulation factor is the equilibrium ratio:
(concentration in organLsm)/(concentratIon in water). Values of bioaccumulation factors can be obtained from such references Provide data on recreational and similar use as: of receiving water and its shoreline, e.g.,
W. H. Chapman, H. L. Fisher, M. W. Pratt, "Concentration swimming, fishing, picnicking, hunting, factors of chemical elements in edible aquatic organisms", clam digging. Include any persons who University of California Radiation Laboratory report UCRL,- 50564 (December 30, 1968). derive the major parts of their incomes from water adjacent to the site and A. M. Freke, "A Model for the Approximate Calculation of Safe Indicate the amount of time spent per year Rates of Discharge of Radioactive Wastes Into Marine Environments" Health Physic, 13, 734 (1967). in this activity.
i5
Data on irrigation usage of the receiving 5.3.4 Direct radiation water should be included, such as the
5.3.4.1 Radiation from facility number of acres irrigated, points at which irrigation water is drawn (downstream from the site), what type(s) of crops are produced within 50 miles of the site and The applicant should provide, an estimate of the total external dose
4 the yield of each crop per acre. (rem/year) anC the total population external dose (man-rem/year) received Provide data on the commercial fish and seafood catch (number of pounds per year by individuals outside the facility from of each species within the region). Include direct radiation, e.g., gamma radiation any harvest and usage of seaweed or other emitted by turbines and radioactive aquatic plant life. waste vessels. In particular, the applicant should estimate the expected Determine the expected radionuclide external dose rates received by concentrations in aquatic and terrestrial individuals in nearby schools, organisms significant to human food hospitals. or other publicly used chains. Use the bioaccumulation factors facilities.
given in Section 5.2.3 or supply others as necessary. 5.3.4.2 Transportation of radioactive materials Calculate the following, using the above information and any other necessary Radioactive materials to be shipped to supporting data (provide details and and from the plant during its models of the calculation as an appendix): operation have been identified and described in Section 3.8. In this Total body and significant organ doses Section the direct radiation exposure (rem/year) to individuals in the of man attributable to the population from all receiving transportation of these materials water-related exposure pathways, i.e., should be estimated.
all sources of internal and external exposure.
5.3.3 Gaseous effluen:.
The applicant should identify the supplier of the fresh fuel and the most likely route to be taken by the carrier I
from the point of supply to the plant.
From release rates of radioactive gases and The distance, most likely mode of meteorological data (Sections 3.5 and 2.6, transport and details of shipment respectively), estimate total body and should be described. The latter significant organ doses (rem/year) to discussion should include information individuals exposed at the point of on the number of fuel elements per maximum ground-level concentrations package, number of packages per off-site. Assume annual average vehicle (truck, barge, railroad car)and meteorological conditions for a BWR and the probable number of shipments per limiting meteorological conditions for a year. The applicant should estimate PWR. Identify locations of points of the radiological dosage, if any, to release (stack, roof vent, etc.) used in drivers, helpers and population along calculations. the transport route.
Estimate deposition ot radioactive halogens and particulates on food crops and pasture Similar information concerning grass. Consider maximum ground-level shipments of irradiated fuel should be deposition on pasture grass, even though ,upplied by the applicant. In milk cows may not be grazing there at the connection with the description of present time. Estimate total body and shipment details, the applicant should thyroid doses (rem/year) and significant indicate the method of in-transit doses received by other organs via such cooling and the methods used to potential pathways (include, in particular, contain leaking fuel assemblies. The the air-grass-milk pathway). applicant should estimate the radiological doses in man-rem per trip Provide an appendix describing the models used in these calculations.
16 and per year to drivers, helpers and population along the transport route. 4
For other radioactive wastes to be distances from the point of discharge should be shipped from the plant, the applicant provided. The effects on terrestrial and aquatic should identify the disposal site and its environments from chemical wastes which distance from the plant, the most contaminate ground water should be included.
likely route of transport, mode of transport as well as the type of The effects of chemicals in cooling tower packaging, the number, weight and blowdown and drift on the environment should activities of packages to be shipped also be considered in this Section.
each year. The applicant should estimate the radiological doses in 5.5 Effects of sanitary and other waste discharges man-rem per trip and per year to driver, helpers and population along Sanitary and other waste systems have been the transport route. described in Section 3.7. Treat the expected discharges as in Section 5.4.
5.3.5 Other exposure pathways Provide estimates of individual total body 5.6 Effects of operation and maintenance of the doses (rem/year) and population total transmission system body doses (man-rein/year) that could be received via pathways other than those The environmental effects of operation and previously discussed. Discuss any exposure maintenance of the transmission system pathways. if they exist, involving required to tie in the proposed facility to the radionuclides accumulated in sediments or pre-existing network must be evaluated. The in other components of the environment. evaluation of effects should make clear the (See Section 5.2.2.) applicant's plans for maintenance of the right-of-way and required access road
s. Plans
5.3.6 Summary of annual radiation doses for use of herbicides and pesticides should indicate types, volume, concentrations, and The applicant should present a table that manner and frequency of use.Resulting effects summarizes the estimated radiation dose to on plant life, wildlife habitat, land resources, the regional population from all and scenic values should be evaluated.
plant-related sources using values calculated in previous Sections. The This Section of the Report should also tabulation should include (a) the total reference the applicant's estimate of any body doses to the population electrical effects of potential environmental (man-rem/year) from all receiving significance which were, previously identified water-related pathways and (b) the total and discussed in Section 3.9.
body doses to the population (man-rem/year) atitributable to gaseous 5.7 Other effects effluents out to a distance at least of 50
miles from the site. The applicant should discuss any effects of plant operation that do not clearly fall under
5.4 Effects of chemical and biocide discharges any single topic of Sections 5.1 to 5.6. These may include changes in land and water use at Chemical and biocide discharges have been the plant site, interaction of the plant with described in Section 3.6. Water resources and other neighboring plants, and disposal of solid use are discussed in Sections 2.5 and 3.3. In this and liquid wastes other than those discussed in Section, the specific concentrations of these Sections 5.3 through 5.5.
wastes at the points of discharge should be compared with natural ambient concentrations without the discharge and also compared with 5.8 Resources committed applicable water standards. The projected effects of the effluents for both acute and Discuss any irreversible and irretrievable chronic exposure of the biota (including any commitments of resources due to plant long-term buildup in sediments and in the operation. This discussion should include both biota) should be identified and discussed. direct commitments,. such as depletion of Dilution and mixing of discharges into the uranium resources, and Irreversible receiving waters should be discussed in detail environmental losses, such as destruction of and estimates of concentrations at various wildlife habitat.
17
In this discussion the applicant should consider pre-operational. A given characteristic or parameter lost resources from the viewpoints of both may or may not require assessment prior to site relative impacts and long-term net effects. As preparation and plant construction, depending on an example of relative impact assessment, the loss of two thousand fish of a given species could represent quite different degrees of whether that particular characteristic may be altered at these stages. Second, in most instances this Guide indicates the specific environmental effects to be
4 significance, depending on the total population evaluated; consequently, the parameters to be in the immediate region. Such a loss however, measured will be apparent. In some cases, it may be in the case of a small local population, could be necessary for the applicant to establish a monitoring less serious if the same species were abundant in program based on his own identification of neighboring regions. Similarly, the loss of a potential or possible effects and to provide his given area of highly desirable land should be underlying rationale for such. Accordingly, the evaluated in terms of the total amount of such applicant should carefully review the plans for land in the environs. These relative assessments measurement of pre-existing conditions to ensure should accordingly include statements that these plans include all factors which must be expressed in percentage terms in which the subsequently monitored during plant operation, as amount of expected resource loss is related to discussed in Section 6.2.
the total resource in the immediate region and in which tile total in the immediate region is Sampling design, frequency, methodology related to that in surrounding regions. The (including calibration and checks with standards)
latter should be specified in terms of areas and and instrumentation for both collection and analysis distances from the site. are to be discussed and justified as applicable.
Information should be provided on instrument In evaluating long-term effects for their net consequences, the applicant may consider, as an sensitivity and, especially for highly automated example, the impact of thermal and chemical systems, reliability.
discharges on fish. There may be severe losses in the local discharge area. However, the slight 6.1 Applicant's pre-operational environmental temperature elevation of neighboring regions programs of the water body, together with possible synergistic effects of diluted chemical The programs for collection of environmental discharges, may augment the spawning rate. In such a case the local population change may or may not be a net loss. Therefore, changes in population of important species, caused by, or data prior to operation should be described in sufficient detail to make it clear that the applicant has established a thorough and comprehensive approach to environmental
4 assessment. The description of these programs expected to be caused by, the operation of the should be confined principally to technical plant should be examined with the view of descriptions of instrumentation, technique, and determining whether they represent long-term procedures. Organizational aspects such as net losses or long-term net gains. The scheduling or validation are relevant only as considerations are also applicable to Sections 9 they may bear upon technical program and 10 of the Report. characteristics.
6. EFFLUENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURE- Where information from the literature has been MENTS AND MONITORING PROGRAMS used by the applicant, it should be concisely The purposes of this Section are to describe in detail summarized and documented by reference to the means by which the applicant collected the original data sources. Where the availability of baseline data presented in other Sections and to original sources that support important describe the applicant's plans and programs for conclusions is limited, the applicant should monitoring the environmental impacts of site provide either extensive quotations or preparation, plant construction and operation. references to accessible secondary sources.' In all cases, information derived from published Section 6.1 is addressed to the measurement ot results should be clearly distinguished from pre-existing characteristics of the site and the information derived from the applicant's field surrounding region. This program will establish a measurements.
reference framework for assessing subsequent environmental effects attributable to the activity. 'Any reports of work (e.g., ecological surveys) supported by The applicant's attention is directed to two the applicant that are of significant value in assessing the environmental impact of the proposed action should be included considerations pertinent to this Section. First, the as appendices or supplements to the Environmental Report, term "pre-existing" means, in all cases, at least
18 unless the reports are otherwise generally available.
!
6.1.1 Surface waters the ecological characteristics identified in Section 2.7. Those portions of the When a body of surface water may be program concerned with determining affected by the proposed facility or a the presence and abundance of species practicable alternative, the applicant should be detailed in terms of should describe the programs by which the frequency, pattern and duration of background condition of the water and the observation. The applicant should related ecology were determined. In cases describe how taxonomic where a natural water body has already determinations were made and been subjected io environmental stress validated. In this connection, the from pollutant sources, the nature of this applicant should discuss its reference stress and its consequences should be collection of voucher specimens or evaluated. The applicant should then other means whereby consistent estimate the potential quality of the identification will be assured.
affected water body, assuming removal of the existing pollutant ,,ources; knowledge Describe the methods used or to be of this quality level will permit evaluation used for observing natural variations of of any adverse effect of the proposed ecological parameters. If these facility. methods will involve indicator organisms, the criteria for their
6.1.1.1 Physical and chemical parameters selection should be presented.
The programs and methods for The applicant should discuss the measuring physical and chemical rationale for predicting which parameters of potentially affected non-lethal physiological and behavioral surface waters should be described. responses of important species may be The sampling program should be affected because of construction and presented in sufficient detail to operation of the facility. This demonstrate its adequacy with respect discussion should be appropriately both to spatial coverage (surface area correlated with the description of the and depth) and to temporal coverage monitoring program.
(duration and sampling frequency),
giving due consideration to seasonal Sources of parameters of lethality for changes in effluent. This description of organisms potentially affected by data collection programs should plant discharges should be identified.
include methods used in determining The methodology for determining the pre-existing condition of the such parameters should be reviewed surface waters with respect to any with respect to applicability to actual parameters which might change as a local conditions to be anticipated result of plant operation. This during operation, including interactive discussion should include a description effects among multiple effluents and of the techniques used to identify any existing constituents of the surface condition that might lead to water body concerned.
interactions with plant discharges, for example, the presence of impurities in 6.1.2 Ground water a water body which may react synergistically with heated effluent. In those cases in which the proposed facility or a practicable design alternative In addition to describing the programs may potentially affect local ground water, for obtaining the data, the applicant the program leading to assessment of should also describe the computational potential effects should be described.
models used in predicting effects. The applicant should indicate how the 6.1.2.1 Physical and chemical parameters models were verified and calibrated.
The properties and configuration of
6.1.1.2 Ecological parameters the local aquifer will have been defined in sufficient detail (in Section The applicant should describe the 2.5) to permit a reasonable projection preoperational program used to assess of effects of plant operation on the
19
ground water. Methods for obtaining
- 6.1.4.1 Geology and soils information on ground water levels and ground water quality should be Geological studies conducted in described.
6.1.2.2 Models support of safety analyses should be briefly summarized and reference made to the rulevant safety reports for a more detailed presentation. The
4 Models may be used to predict effects, applicant should describe the such as changes in ground water levels, collection of data on any soil dispersion of contaminants, and conditions that may be altered by eventual transport through aquifers to plant construction and operation. The surface water bodies. The models description should include should be described and supporting identification of the sampling pattern evidence for their reliability and and the justification for its selection, validity presented. the sampling method, holding periods and pre-analysis treatment, and
6.1.3 Air analytic techniques.
The applicant ,!-ould describe the program 6.1.4.2 Land use and demographic surveys for obtaining information on local air quality, if wIlcv:,nt, and local meteorology. The applicant should describe his The description should show the basis for program for identifying the actual land predicting such effects as the dispersion of use in the site environs and for gaseous effluents and alteration of local acquiring demographic data for the climate (e.g., fogging and icing) as well as region.
present the methodology for gathering baseline data. Sources of information should be identified and their accuracy assessed.
6.1.3.1 Meteorology Methods used to forecast from data should be described.
The applicant should identify sources of meteorological data relevant to such effects as the dispersion of water vapor, dissolved solids and particulates
6.1.4.3 Ecological parameters In this Section the applicant should
4 carried by droplets. Locations of observation stations, instrumentation, discuss the program used to assess the and frequency and duration of ecological characteristics of the site measurements should be specified with primary reference to important both for the applicant's measuring terrestrial biota. In general, the activities and for activities of considerations involved are similar to governmental agencies or other those suggested in connection with organizations on whose information aquatic biota (Section 6.1.1.2).
the applicant intends to rely. However, the difference in habitat, differences in animal physiology and
6.1.3.2 Models other pertinent factors will, of necessity, influence the design of the Any models used by the applicant assessment program. The applicant either to derive estimates of basic .ý.,ould present, as in Section 6.1.1.2, meteorological information or to an analysis of the program in terms of estimate the effects of effluent taxonomic validation, rationale for its systems should be described and their predictive aspects and the details of its validity and accuracy discussed. methodology.
6.1.4 Land 6.1.5 Radiological surveys Data collection programs concerning the terrestrial environment of the proposed This Section of the Environmental Report facility should be described and justified should discuss the methods used to with regard to both scope and determine the pre-operational radiation methodology.
4 levels at the site and environs and the
20
concenlrations of any radioactive materials specific allention given to lhe types of occurring in important local and regional samples to be collected, sampling biota, as well as in soil, rocks and surface locations and frequency, and tlhe waters (see Section 2.8). analyses to be performed on each sample. The analytical sensitivity The methods used should be thoroughly (detection threshold) for e.jclh analysis described and documented. The discussion and tile schedule for reporting data should include identification of sampling collected froni the surveillance or collection sites, sampling methods, program should be discussed.
duration and frequency, and analytical procedures (including pre-analysis 6.2.2 Chemical effluent monitoring treatment, instruminentation and mininiuni sensitivities) as applicable. The proposed measurement program, including instrumentation, locations and
6.2 Applicant's proposed operational monitoring frequencies, and analytical techniques, programs should be fully described. The description of the program should include Tile applicant should present the proposed inst r u me ntation sensitivity and.
operational monitoring program for the facility. particularly in the case of automated Review of this description will be facilitated if systems, reliability. Monitoring procedures the applicant includes maps of observation sites prescribed by local. State. or Federal and tabnlar presentation of summary agencies as conditions placed upon descriptors of such facto:s as frequency, type operation should be so identified.
of sampling, method of collection, analytic method, holding times and pre-analysis The criteria for setting threshold levels for treatment, instrumentation, and minimum corrective action should be presented. In sensitivities. The program description should be the case of prescribed quantitative explidt with respect to the parameter limits standards set by agencies, the applicable that are not to be exceeded under normal regulation should be cited. In the case of operating conditions and with regard to the quantitative limits set by tile applicant to actions planned in the event th'! limits are conform to qualitative standards or exceeded. rest rictions, the applicant's rationale should be presented. In either case, the
6.2.1 Radiological monitoring action to be taken if measurements exceed thresholds should be specified.
The applicant's operational monitoring program for radiological effects should be described both for the plant monitoring If the program for monitoring chemical system and the environmental monitoring effluents does not include monitoring program. substances which are naturally present in the intake water and are routinely
6.2.1.1 Plant monitoring system discharged from the facility, the bases for these omissions should be verified.
Describe, in general, in-plant monitoring systems for radioactive 6.2.3 Thermal effluent monitoring liquid and gaseous effluents. Discuss the sensitivity limits for detecting The proposed program for monitoring radioactivity corresponding to thermal effluents should be described and rc:,,drnely expected release rates. List sampling sites located on maps or diagrams.
the effluent streams, if any, that wili Sampling procedures, schedules, and not be monitored and provide brief instrumentation sensitivity and reliability rationale for the absence of should be described.
monitoring.
Applicable water quality standards should
6.2.1.2 Environmental radiological be cited. It should be made clear how monitoring conformance to such standards is verified.
In particular, if conformance is inferred by The operational surveillance program extrapolation from measurements using a should be described in detail, with computational model, the validity of the
21
model should be reviewed. The applicant which environmental measurement and/or should present the criteria used to monitoring programs are carried out by public or other agencies not directly supported by the
4 determine the action to be taken when surveillance indicates non-conformance: applicant, these programs should be identified the specific remedial actions should be and discussed. Relevance of such independent identified. findings to the proposed facility's effects should be described and plans for exchange of Obligations for reporting results should be information should be presented. Agencies stated and schedules presented. responsible for the programs should be identified and. to the extent possible, the
6.2.4 Meteorological monitoring procedures and methodologies employed should be described in the same manner as for The applicant's program for monitoring the applicant's own programs.
meteorological phenomena should be described. In cases where possible fogging 7. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF ACCIDENTS
and icing in the environs are predicted. the quantitative levels of the phenomena to be The applicant should discuss thie environmental observed should be specified. The applicant effects of possible accidents which may occur should describe plans for compiling data, within the plant or during transportation of verifying models, and accumulating results radioactive materials.
useful in planning other facilities. Means by which the meteorological effects of plant operation can be isolated from natural 7.1 Plant accidents'
meteorological phenomena should be described. (This may include correlation of Postulated accidents are discussed in another data with observations made at a site context in applicant's safety analysis reports.
nearby, but out of range of significant The principal line of defense is accident effects originating within the site.) The prevention through correct design, applicant should indicate the action manufacture, and operation, and a quality planned to mitigate adverse effects (e.g., assurance program is used to provide and maintain the necessary high integrity of the Ihghway icing) in the event a real hazard develops.
6.2.5 Ecological monitoring reactor system. Deviations that may occur are handled by protective systems to place and hold thie plant in a safe condition.
4 Notwithstanding all this, the conservative In the pre-operational surveillance program postulate is made that serious accidents might the applicant will have established occur, in spite of the fact that they are methodology for determining the extremely unlikely, and engineered safety ecological characteristics of the region. In features are installed to mitigate the principle, this methodology should be consequences of these unlikely postulated appropriate for the subsequent monitoring events.
program to be maintained during plant operation. However, the applicant may In the consideration of the environmental risks choose to modify some aspects of his associated with the postulated accidents, the methodology in view of the requirement probabilities of their occurrence and their for protracted monitoring. Such aspects, consequences must both be taken into account.
may include frequency, observation sites Since it is not practicable to consider all and so forth. These should be described possible accidents, the spectrum of accidents, and justified. Also, the applicant should, in ranging in severity from trivial to very serious, this Section, indicate how changes in the is divided into classes.
physiological and behavioral characteristics of the observed biota will be ascribed Each class can be characterized by an either to specific effects of plant operation occurrence rate and a set of consequences.
or to natural variation.
6.3 Related environmental measurement and Standardized examples of classes of accidents to be considered by applicants in preparing the monitoring programs
'The text of this Section was published in 36 F.R.
I
When the applicant's site lies within a region for 228S5-22854, December 1, 1971.
22
section of Environmental Reports dealing with surveillance and testing, and conservative design accidents are set out in tabular form below. The are all applied to provide and maintain the spectrum of accidents, from t(ie most trivial to required high degree of assurance that potential the most severe, is divided into nine classes, accidei.:s in this class are, and will remain.
sorne of which have subclasses. The accidents sufficiently remote in probability tha tile stated in each of the first eight classes tabulated environmental risk is extremely low. For these below are representative of the types of reasons, it is riot fcccssar, to discuss such accidents that must be analyzed by the events in the Enviiitomiental Reptrt.
applicant in Environmental Reports: however, other accident assumptions may be more Furthermore, it is not necessary it) take into suitable for individual cases. Where assumptions account those Class 8 accidents for which the as not specified, or where those specified are applicant can demonstrate that the probability deemed unsuitable, assumptions as realistic as has been reduced and thereby the calculated the stale of knowledge permits shall be used, risk to the environment made equivalent It) that taking into account the specific design arid which might be hypothesized for a Class 9.
operational characteristics of tile plant under event.
consideration.
The applicant may substitute other accident For each class, except Class I and 9, the class breakdowns and alternative values of environmental consequences shall be evaluated radioactive material releases and analytical as indicated. Those classes of accidents, other assumptions, if such substitution is justified in than Classes I and 9, found to have significant the Environmental Report.
adverse environmental effects shall be evaluated as to probability, or frequency of occurrence, ACCIDENT ASSUMPTIONS
to permit estimates to be made of environmental risk or cost arising from ACCIDENT- 1.0 Trivial itcidents accidents of tile given class.
These incidents shall be included and evaluated Class I events need not be considered because under routine releases in accordance with of their trivial consequences. proposed Appendix I of 10 CFR Part 50 [Sec Appendix 4 of this Guide] .
Class 8 events are those considered in safety analysis reports and AEC staff safety A CCIDEN T- 2.0 Small Release Outsile evaluations. They are used, together with highly Contaiwnent conservative assumptions, as the design-basis events to establish the performance These releases shall include such things as requirements of engineered safety features. The releases through steamline relief valves and highly conservative assumptions and small spills and leaks of radioactive materials calculations used in AEC safety evaluations are outside containment. These releases shall be not suitable for environmental risk evaluation, included and evaluated under routine releases in accordance with proposed Appendix I of 10
because their use would result in a substantial CFR Part 50. [See Appendix 4 of this Guide.]
overestimate of the environmental risk. For this reason, Class 8 events shall be evaluated ACCCIDEANT-3.0 Radwaste Svstem 1ailure realistically. Consequences predicted in this way will be far less severe than those given for
3.1 Equipment leakage or malfunction the same events in safety analysis reports where (Includes operator error)
more conservative evaluations are used.
(a) Radioactive gases and liquids: 25% of average inventory in the larges storage The occurrences in Class 9 involve sequences of tank shall be assumed to be released.
postulated successyive failures more severe than (b) Meteorology assumptions: xIQ values those postulated for the design basis for are to be 1/10 of those given in AEC
protective systems and engineered safety Safety Guide No. 3 or 4.
features. Their consequences could be severe.
However, the probability of their occurrence is so small that their environmental risk is 2 Copies of these Guide(s), dated November 2, 1970. are extremely low. Defense in depth (multiple available at the Commission's Public Document Room. 1"17 1i Street, N. W. Washington, D.C. and (in request to the Director.
physical barriers), quality assurance for design, Division of Reactor Standards, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.
manufacture, and operation, continued Washington, D.C. 20545.
23
(c) Consequences should be calculated by (d) Radioactivity shall be assumed to weighting the effects in different carry over to the condenser where 10%
directions by the frequency the wind of the halogens shall be assumed to be blows in each direction. available for leakage from the condenser to the environment at
3.2 Release of waste gas storage tank contents 0.5%/day for the course of the (Includes failure of release valve and accident (24 horus).
rupture disks) (e) Meteorology assumptions: x]Q values (a) 100% of the average tank inventory shall be 1/10 of those given in AEC
shall be assumed to be released. Safety Guide No. 3.
(b) Meteorology assumptions: y/Q values (f) Consequences should be calculated by shall be 1/10 of those given in AEC weighting the effects in different Safety Guide No. 3 or 4. directions by the frequency the wind (c) Consequences should be calculated by blows in each direction.
weighting the effects in different directions by die frequency of the .4CCIDENT-5.0 Fission Products to Primary wind blows in each direction. and Secondary Systems (Pressurized Water Reactor]
3.3 Release of liquid waste storage tank contents 5.1 Fuel cladding defects and steam generator leak (a) Radioactive liquids: 100% of the Release from these events shall be included average storage tank inventory shall be and evaluated under routine releases in assumed to be spilled on the floor of accordance with proposed Appendix I of the building. 10 CFR Part 50. [See Appendix 4 of this (b) Building structure shall be assumed to Guide.]
remain in[,,A.
(c) Meteorol.,gy assumptions: xJQ values 5.2 Off-design transients that induce fuel shall be 1/10 of those given in AEC failure above those expected and steam Safety Guide No. 3 or 4. generator leak (such as flow blockage and (d) Consequences should be calculated by flux maldistributions)
weighting the effects in different directions by the frequency the, wind blows in each direction.
(a) 0.02% of'the core inventory of noble gases and 0.02% of the core inventory and halogens shall be assumed to be
4 released into tlhe reactor coolant.
ACCIDENT-4.0 Fission Products to Primary (b) Average inventory in the primary System (BIVR) system prior to the transient shall be based on operation with 0.5% failed
4.1 Fuel cladding defects fuel.
Release from these events shall be included (c) Secondary system equilibrium and evaluated under routine releases in radioactivity prior to ftie transient accordance with proposed Appendix I of shall be based on a 20 gal/day steam
10 CFR Part 50. [See Appendix 4 of this generator leak and a 10 gpm Guide.] blowdown rate.
(d) All noble gases and 0.1% of the
4.2 Off-design transients that induce fuel halogens in the steam reaching the failures above those expected (Such as flow condenser shall be assumed to be blockage and flux maldistributions) released by the condenser air ejector.
(a) 0.02% of the core inventory of noble (e) Meteorology assumptions: X]Q values gases and 0.02% of the core inventory shall be 1/10 of those given in AEC
of halogens shall be assumed to be Safety Guide No. 4.
released into the reactor coolant. (f) Consequcnces should be calculated by (b) 1% of the halogens in the reactor weighting the effects in different coolant shall be assumed to be released directions by the frequency the wind into the steam. blows in each direction.
(c) The mechanical vacuum pump shall be assumed to be automatically isolated 5.3 Steam generator tube rupture by a high radiation signal of the steam (a) 15% of the average inventory of noble line. gases and halogens in the primary
24 0
coolant shall be assumed to be released (e) A realistic fraction of the containment into the secondary coolant. The volume shall be assumed to leak to the average primary coolant activity shall atmosphere prior to isolating the be based on 0.5% failed fuel. containment.
(b) Equilibrium radioactivity prior to (1) Meteorology assumptions: y]Q values rupture shall be based on a 20 gallon shall be 1/10 of those given in AEC
per day steam generator leak and a 10 Safety Guide No. 3 or 4.
gpm blowdown rate. (g) Consequences should be calculated by (c) All noble gases and 0.1% of the weighting the effects in different halogens in the steam reaching the directions by the frequency the wind condenser shall be assumed to be blows in each direction.
released by the condenser air ejector.
(d) Meteorology assumptions: X/Q values ACCIDENT- Z70 Spent Fuel Handling Accident shall be 1110 of those given in AEC
Safety Guide No. 4. 7.1 Fuel assembly drop in fuel storage pool (e) Consequences should be calculated by (a) The, gap activity (noble gases and weighting the effects in different halogens) in one row of fuel pins shall directions by the frequency the wind be assumed to be released into the
,blows in each direction. water. (Gap activity shall be 1% of total activity in a pin).
ACCIDENT- 6. 0 Refuieling Accidents (b) One week decay time before accident occurs shall be assumed.
(c) Iodine decontamination factor in
6.1 Fuel bundle drop water shall be 500.
(a) The gap activity (noble gases and (d) Charcoal filter efficiency for iodines halogens) in one row of fuel pins shall shall be 99%.
be assumed to be released into the (e) Meteorology assumptions: xIQ values water. (Gap activity is 1% of total shall be 1/10 of those given in AEC
activity in a pin). Safety Guide No. 3 or 4.
(b) One week decay time before the accident occurs shall be assumed.
(0 Consequences shall be calculated by weighting the effects in different (c) Iodine decontamination factor in directions by the frequency the wind water shall be 500. blows in each direction.
(d) Charcoal filter efficiency for iodines shall be 99%. 7.2 Heavy object drop onto fuel rack (e) A realistic fraction of the containment (a) The gap activity (noble gases and volume shall be assumed to leak to the halogens) in one average fuel assembly atmosphere prior to isolating the shall be assumed to be released into containment. the water. (Gap activity is 1%of total (f) Meteorology assumptions: xjQ values activity in a pin).
shall be 1/10 of those given in AEC (b) 30 days decay time before the Safety Guide No. 3 or 4. accident occurs shall be assumed.
(g) Consequences should be calculated by (c) Iodine decontamination factor in weighting the effects in different water shall be 500.
directions by the frequency the wind (d) Charcoal filter efficiency for iodines blows in each direction. shall be 99%.
(e) Meteorology assumptions: xJQ values
6.2 Heavy object drop onto fuel in core shall be 1/10 of those given in AEC
Safety Guide No. 3 or 4.
(a) The gap activity (noble gases and (f) Consequences should be calculated by halogens) in one average fuel assembly weighting the effects in different shall be assumed to be released into directions by the frequency the wind the water. (Gap activity shall be 1%of blows in each direction.
total activity in a pin).
(b) 100 hours0.00116 days <br />0.0278 hours <br />1.653439e-4 weeks <br />3.805e-5 months <br /> of decay time before object 7.3 Fuel cask drop is dropped shall be assumed. (a) Noble gas gap activity from one fully (c) Iodine decontamination factor in loaded fuel cask (120 day cooling)
water shall be 500. shall be assumed to be released. (Gap (d) Charcoal filter efficiency for iodines activity shall be 1% of total activity in shall be 99% the pins).
25
ACCIDENT--8.0 Accident Initiation Events (d) For the effects of plateout, Conshiercd in Design Basis Evaluation in containment sprays, core sprays the Safety Analysis Report (values based on 0.5% of halogens in organic form) the following reduction
8.1 Loss-of-coolant accidents factors shall be assumed:
Small Pipe Break (6-in. or less) For pressurized water reactors: 0.05 with chemical additives in sprays, 0.2 for no chemical additives.
(a) Source term: the average radiocictivity inventory in the primary coolant shall For boiling water reactors: 0.2.
be assumed. (This inventory shall be based on operation with 0.5% failed (e) A realistic building leak rate as a fuel).
function of time and including design (b) Filter efficiencies shall be 95% for leakage of steamline valves in BWRs internal filters and 99% for external shall be assumed.
filters.
(f Meteorology assumptions: XJQ values (c) 50% building mixing for boiling water reactors shall be assumed. shall be 1/10 of those given in AEC
Safety Guide No. 3 or 4.
(d) For the effects of plateout, sprays, decontamination factor in pool, and (g) Consequences should be calculated by core sprays the following reduction weighting the effects in different factors shall be assumed: directions by the frequency the wind blows in each direction.
For pressurized water reactors: 0.05 with chemical additives in sprays, 0.2 8.1(a) Break in instrument line from primary for no chemical additives. system that penetrates the containment (Lines not provided with isolation For boiling water reactors: 0.2. capability inside containment).
(a) The primary coolant inventory of (e) A realistic building leak rate as a noble gases and halogens shall be based function of time shall be assumed.
(f) Meteorology assumptions: YQ values shall be 1/10 of those given in AEC
Safety Guide No. 3 or 4.
on operation with 0.5% failed fuel.
(b) Release rate through failed line shall be assumed constant for the four hour duration of the accident.
I
(g) Consequciwes should be calculated by (c) Charcoal filter efficiency shall be 99%.
weighting the effects in different (d) Reduction factor from combined directions by the frequency the wind plateout and building mixing shall be blows in each direction. 0.1.
(e) Meteorology assumptions: >/Q values Large Pipe Break shall be 1/10 of those given in AEC
Safety Guide No. 3.
(a) Source term: The average radioactivity (f) Consequences shall be calculated by inventory in the primary coolant shall weighting the effects in different be assumed (This inventory shall be directions by the frequency the wind based on operation with 0.5% failed blows in each direction.
fuel), plus release into the coolant of:
For pressurized water reactors: 2% of 8.2(a) Rod ejection accident (pressurized water the core inventory of halogens and reactor)
noble gases. (a) 0.2% of the core inventory of noble gases and halogens shall be assumed to For boiling water reactors: 0.2% of the be released into the primary coolant core inventory of halogens and noble plus the average inventory in the gases. primary coolant based on operation (b) Filter efficiencies shall be 95% for with 0.5% failed fuel.
internal filters and 99% for external (b) Loss-of-coolant accident occurs with filters. break size equivalent to diameter of (c) 50% building mixing for boiling water rod housing (See assumptions for I
reactors shall be assumed. Accident 8.1).
26
8.2(b) Rod drop accident (boiling water (e) Meteorology assumptions: x/Q values reactor) shall be 1/10 of those given in AEC
Safety Guide No. 4.
Radioactive material released (f) Consequences shall be calculated by (a) 0.025% of the core inventory of noble weighting the effects in different gas and 0.025% of the core inventory directions by the frequency the wind of halogens shall be assumed to be blows in each direction.
released into the coolant.
(b) 1% of the halogens in the reactor Large break coolant shall be assumed to be released (a) Primary coolant activity shall be based into the condenser. on operation with 0.5% failed. fuel.
(c) The mechanical vacuum pump shall be The primary system contribution assumed to be automatically isolated during the course of the accident shall by high radiation signal on the be based on a 20 gal/day tube leak.
streamline. (b) A halogen reduction factor of O.5 shall (d) Radioactivity shall be assumed to be applied to the primary coolant carry over to the condenser where 10% source during the course of the of the halogens shall be assumed to be accident.
available for leakage from the (c) Secondary coolant system condenser to the environment at radioactivity prior to the accident shall
0.5%/day for the course of the be based on:
accident (24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br />). (a) 20 gallons per day (e) Meteorology assumptions: X/Q values primary-to-secondary leak.
shall be i/10 of those given in AEC (b) Blowdown to 10 gpm.
Safety Guide No. 3. (d) Volume of one steam generator shall (f) Consequences should be calculated by be assumed to be released to the weighting the effects in different atmosphere with an iodine partition directions by the frequency the wind factor of 10.
blows in each direction. (e) Meteorology assumptions: x/Q values shall be 1/10 of those given in AEC
8.3(a) Steamline breaks (pressurized water Safety Guide No. 4.
reactors-outside containment) (f) Consequences shall be calculated by weighing the effects in different directions by the frequency the wind Break size equal to area of safety valve blows in each direction.
throat
8.3(b) Steamline breaks (boiling water reactor)
Small break Small pipe break (of ' ft2 )
(a) Primary coolant activity shall be based (a) Primary coolant activity shall be based on operation with 0.5% failed fuel. on operation with 0.5% failed fuel.
The primary system contribution (b) The main steamline shall be assumed during the course of the accident shall to fail releasing coolant until 5 seconds be based on a 20 gal/day tube leak. after isolation signal is received.
(b) During the course of the accident a (c) Halogens in the fluid released to the halogen reduction factor of 0.1 shall atmosphere shall be at 1/10 the be applied to the primary coolant primary system liquid concentration.
source when the steam generator tubes (d) Meteorology assumptions: XJQ values are covered; a factor of 0.5 shall be shall be 1/10 of these in AEC Safety used when the tubes are uncovered. Guide No. 3.
(c) Secondary coolant system (e) Consequences shall be calculated by radioactivity prior to the accident shall weighting the effects in different be based on: directions by the frequency the wind (a) 20 gallons per day blows in each direction.
primary-to-secondary leak.
(b) Blowdown of 10 gpm. Large break (d) Volume of one steam generator shall (a) Primary coolant activity shall be based be released to the atmosphere with an on operation with 0.5% failed fuel.
iodine partition factor of 10. (b) Main steamline shall be assumed to fail
27
releasing that amount of coolant may also be discussed in this Section. Such effects corresponding to a 5 second isolation would include attraction of industrial or other time.
(c) 50% of the halogens in the fluid exiting the break shall be assumed to be released to the atmosphere.
activities. The discussion of these effects should include both beneficial and adverse social and economic consequences. 0
(d) Meteorology assumptions: x/Q values The Commission recognizes that some effects shall be 1/10 of those in AEC Safety cannot be monetized, particularly in the area of Guide No..`% social impact. The applicant may, accordingly, elect (e) Consequences shall be calculated by to use other than monetary measures. Where weighting the effects in different monetary measures are used, dollar estimates should directions by the frequency the wind be discounted to their present value using a blows in each direction. prescribed rate of 10% as suggested by OMB for Federally sponsored project
s. The applicant may
.7.2 Transportation accidents 3 select a different rate; if so, the choice should be justified and well documented. In any case, The potential environmental effects from a documentation of the analysis should be provided in transportation accident involving radioactive sufficient detail to permit the AEC to make an materials should be evaluated. Even though the independent calculation of present value.
probability of such an accident may be low and AEC Form provides for the summary display of its consequences small, the applicant should identify the environmental effects that might benefit measures.1 result. Adequate documentation should be presented to provide assurance that all safety 8.1 Value of delivered products requirements will be met prior to transportation of radioactive materials. In this Section the applicant may, in presenting the value to society of the proposed facility,
7.3 Other accidents provide a breakdown of the distribution of the plant products (electric energy, steam, etc.) to In addition to accidents that can release the various sectors of customers served. The radioactivity to the environs, there may be accidents that, although radioactive materials are not involved, do have consequences that affect the environment. Such accidents as discussion should include present and projected values of electrical energy and any by-products generated by the facility. In addition, the applicant may detail expected end uses of the
0
chemical explosions or fires, steam boiler products. In the case of electrical energy, it failures, leakage or ruptures of vessels would be appropriate to quantify, where containing toxic materials can have significant possible, such uses in terms of major consumer environmental impacts. These possible applications. Residential applications might accidents and associated effects should be include examples of ways in which electric identified and evaluated. power contributes to raising the standard of living, i.e., improved lighting and heating,
8. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL EFFECTS OF PLANT frostless refrigeration and air conditioning, CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION home entertainment, air cleaners, trash compactors. Particular attention may be given Social and economic effects of a nuclear power to any significant public benefit such as might plant may be mixed. Some may be beneficial, as be associated with security, safety, general exemplified by increased employment opportunities convenience including adequate street lighting, and augmented commerce. Other effects may be power for hospitals, rapid transit systems and adverse, such as the loss or displacement of local other public facilities. Conversely, the agricultural or residential property. discussion may include consideration of any important regional deficiencies which would be The applicant should assess the social, cultural and ameliorated by operation of the proposed economic consequences of achieving the objectives facility. This might include retirement of of the facility. Any additional effects resulting from polluting industrial facilities through the proposed plant which are not in themselves substitution of electric power or use of power direct objectives of the facility and its operation for operating water treatment or pollution
3The radiological impact of transportation In the absence of accidents if to be. discussed in Section 5.3.4.2.
28
'This and other forms appear after Section 13 of this Guide.
11
control facilities. Dis-benefits associated with 8.5 Externalities thie projected benefits should be identified and discussed. The production of more, and perhaps lower cost electricity, could induce local industry to
8.2 Income increase the production of goods and services, thereby increasing the region's gross product Expenditures for the construction and and employment. This increment would he in operation of a nuclear power plant represent an addition to the increase resulting from the addition to national as well as regional income. construction and oper'tion of the proposed While the total expenditure would add to plant. Conversely, increased industrial activities national income, expenditures within a could lead to adverse environmental effects in particular region would constitute a local themselves, such as increased air pollution. The income gain. Thus, the applicant -should applicant should estimate both favorable and identify the 'amount of outlay for labor, unfavorable effects.
materials and equipment that will be expended in the region in which the plant will be There could be other adverse effects on a constructed and that which will be expended region's economy. While the proposed facility nationally. Successive rounds of local income, would increase a region's tax base, it would also beyond the direct plant expenditure, will be add an additional burden to local services, such generated by the construction and continued as water, sewage, education, and transportation.
operation of the facility, so that the total The applicant should therefore estimate such addition to regioml income will be much adverse effects as well as the benefits.
greater than the initial expenditure. The applicant may therefore estimate an income 8.6 Other effects multiplier for tIle region.
The applicant may wish to consider other
8.3 Employment economic and social effects beneficial to the region, such as increased recreational activity, The construction and operation of a nuclear improvements in navigation in adjacent waters, power plant will have an impact on regional and increased educational and environmental employment. It may create jobs in the national research benefits.
economy, as well as in local industrial and service sectors in addition to those jobs directly Recreational benefit may be projected on the created by the construction and operation of basis of expected annual user-days or the the plant. As in the case of income, a local present value in dollars of future use.
multiplier is involved and the applicant may Evaluation of benefits achieved by facilitating estimate an employment multiplier for the navigation in affected water bodies may follow region in which it is proposed to construct the the guidelines of the Army Corps of plant in order to determine the total effect on Engineers.' The applicant should select and regional employment. justify appropriate measures for evaluating these and any other benefits described.
Conceptually this may be regarded as a form of The applicant should summarize information double-counting, because the incremental from Section 2.2 concerning present and regional income is roughly proportional to the projected land and water use in the region and incremental regional employment. However, should supply a documented "qualified this approach may be useful because opinion" of the associated economic and social incremental employment may be easier to consequences.
estimate.
Additional benefits may be discussed by the
8.4 Taxes applicant and presented to AEC Form I. Both Local tax revenues may be significantly quantitative measurements and qualitative increased by the construction and operation of assessments should be used in deriving an a nuclear power plant. The tax base would be evaluation of the net of the benefits and increased by the addition of the plant itself, adverse effects caused by the plant construction other new commercial property, and by new and operation.
residential property as required. The applicant should estimate the addition to the region's tax Department of the Army. Office or the Chief of Engineers.
Regulation No. 1120-114, dated June I. 1968, entitled "Survey base and revenues and provide the basis for the Investigations and Reports: Water Improvement'
estimates. Studies-Navigation Benefits."
29
9. ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES AND SITES 9.2.1 Selection of candidate regions In this Section of the Environmental Report the Meaii ngful evaluation of site-plant applicant's choice of a particular proposed nuclear facility at a particular proposed site will be supported through a comparative evaluation of alternatives can be made only after a selection process which identifies realistic candidate choices within the larger group
4 available alternatives. The AEC will consider of technically feasible site-plant available alternatives which may reduce or avoid combinations. In the initial screening, the adverse environmental effects expected to result applicant should identify geographical from construction and operation of a proposed regions (both within and outside of the nuclear facility. The AEC will not specify in applicant's franchise service area) which advance which alternatives should be selected by the may contain potential site locations. It is applicant for consideration: rather, the applicant expected that these regions will be small should make this selection and also make clear the enough so that any site developed within a basis for the choices in regard to number, given region would have approximately the availability and suitability, as well as factors limiting same type of environmental relationship the range of alternatives. (i.e., thermal discharge to some body of water, proximity to urban areas, etc.):
Two classes of alternatives should be considered: however, actual sites may not be owned those which can meet the power demand without within these areas; detailed land availability requiring the creation of new generating capacity may not be known; detailed transmission and those which do require the creation of new line routings will be unspecified.
generating capacity.
In this Section the applicant should
9.1 Alternatives not requiring the creation of new appraise the identified regions with respect generating capacity. to power network considerations, environmental considerations and energy Practicable means which meet the projected type and source considerations. This power demand with adequate system reliability appraisal will result in the elimination of and which do not require the creation of certain geographical regions because of additional generating capacity should be identified and evaluated. Such alternatives may include purchased energy, reactivation or upgrading an older plant, and/or base load such disadvantages as poor location with respect to the applicant's power network, lack of cooling water, or obvious environmental incompatibilit
y. The I
operation of an existing peaking facility. Such remaining regions will be those in and from alternatives should be analyzed in terms of cost, which candidate site-plant alternatives will environmental impact, adequacy, reliability and be selected. (The latter selection process is other pertinent factors. The applicant is advised discussed in Section 9.2.2.)
that this analysis is of major importance because it provides the basis for justifying the As an initial step in appraising the creation of a new generating capability. identified regions, the applicant should prepare two sets of maps, one of which will be related to power network considerations
9.2 Alternatives requiring the creation of new and the other to environmental generating capacity. considerations. Each map should clearly show all regions considered. (The regions In this Section an alternative requiring new should be numbered and the same generating capacity is termed a "site-plant numbering system used on all maps in combination" in order to emphasize that the which they appear.)
alternatives to be evaluated should include both site and energy source options. By site-plant Power network considerations.2 The map combination is meant a combination of a or maps related to power network specific site (which may include the proposed considerations should show the following:
site) and a particular category of energy source a. The applicant's total service area.
(nuclear, fossil-fueled, hydroelectric, geothermal) together with the transmission As used ia Section 9, the term "region" is defined as hook-up. A given site considered in several square.:.piles (large enough to contain several sites).
combination with two different energy sources
.4
'To avoid repetition, the applicant should refer, as is regatded as providing two alternatives. appropriate, to material presented in Section 1.1,
30
b. Relevant service subareas. h. Dedicated land-use areas (parks, c. Regions considered by applicant. historical sites, wilderness areas, d. Major urban areas, water bodies, and testing grounds, airports, etc.).
political boundaries such as county lines where significant. and any other environmental factors.
e. Primary generating plants, together suitable for display, which are appropriate with effective operating capacity in to the discussion under 9.2.2 below.
megawatts, both electrical and thermal, and indication of fuel type The number of maps to be furnished will (all plants of same type at same depend on the number of geographical location should be lumped together). regions considered during the selection f. Transmission lines of 115 kV or process.
higher, and termination points on the system for proposed and potential Maps of regions outside the service area lines from the applicant's proposed should include the likely transmission facility. corridor to the applicant's system g. Major interconnections with other interconnection.
power suppliers.
Supplementary important environmental If other generating additions to the information should be included with the network are to be installed before the environmental maps for completeness.
proposed facility goes on-line, these should also be shown. The supplementary information should include:
Where the following considerations affect a. Prevailing meterological conditions, the decision process. separate tables should b. General environmental characleristics indicate, for each of the subareas shown of rivers, lakes (capacity, biota, under (b) above: applicable standards),
a. The estimated peak and average power c. Local habitat (animal population, demand; vegetation, bird migration or nesting),
b. The generating capacity; d. Prevailing and projected land use.
c. Firm net power to be exported or imported at major interconnections Suitable cross-referencing may be made (transient load swinging and between the maps. For example, one or through-power transfers should be more of the environmental maps may be to eliminated). the same scale as the power map; or, current generation sites and major All amounts should be estimated for load transmission lines may be overlaid on the conditions during initial year of full environmental maps, where this is operation of the applicant's proposed appropriate to the discussion of 9.2.2.
facility, using data consistent with power projections. Energy type and source considerations.
The applicant should present a summary Environmentalconsiderations. The map or analysis of the availability of fuel or other maps related to environmental energy source actually assumed in the considerations should show the following: planning process. It is recognized that a. The applicant's total service area, conditions with regard to alternatives to b. Adjacent service areas, nuclear fuel will vary greatly for different c. Regions considered by the applicant, applicants. Oil and coal may be readily d. Major areas of population density available in many areas, although (urban, high, medium, low density or limitations on maximum sulfur content or similar scale), transportation costs may restrict or prevent e. Water bodies suitable for use in their use. Natural gas may be an available cooling systems. alternative in some areas. The applicant f, Railroads, highways, and waterways should make clear at what point suitable for fuel and waste considerations of reliable fossil fuel supply transportation, and facilities for its transportation, as well g. Unsuitable topographic features (such as of hydroelectric and geothermal sources, as mountains marshes, fault lines), entered the planning process. The
31
discussion should clearly establish the can thus be regarded as a screening energy source alternatives. procedure.
Using the materials prepared as described above, the applicant should provide a condensed narrative description of the major issues which led to the elimination
9.2.2 Selection alternatives of candidate site-plant At this point the applicant should identify,
4 of certain regions and to the final selection within each of the selected regions, of the candidate regions. practicable potential site(s) and the associated energy source(s) considered The following remarks may apply in suitable for each site. From these identified specific instances: site-plant combinations the applicant a. It is anticipated that the first general should then select those regarded as most geographic selection will be based on suitable, i.e., those whose construction and power load and transmission operation would result in incurring considerat ions: minimal environmental and other costs b. In selecting candidate regions, the without compromising the projected applicant may consider expansion of benefits.
currently used and/or owned sites: The criteria to be used in selecting the c. Certain promising regions may be candidate site-plant alternatives from all pinpointed early in the decision the identified site-plant combinations are process and, because of transportation essentially the same as the criteria already or geophysical characteristics, may be used in selecting candidate regions. The suitable for only one type of fuelk criteria, however, must now be applied in d. Other regions may be rather broadly greater depth because the differences in defined at this stage of analysis (e.g., a desirability of the various site-plant stretch of coast line) and may admit several fuel type solutions: combinations will be less obvious than e. Not all regions will receive the same those of the initially identified regions.
detailed consideration in the selection Furthermore, while the unsuitability of a process; for example, some regions will rejected identified region could be be eliminated early in the selection process by consideration of environmental impacts or transmission or operating costs. Other regions may established by noting one major overriding disadvantage, the suitability of a given site-plant combination must be determined by balancing both favorable and
4 be preferred in the final selection unfavorable factors (benefits versus because their dominance over other environmental and other costs).
possibilities is based on a mixture of environmental and engineering factors. The range of candidate site-plant alternatives selected by the applicant f. Only salient characteristics of the identified regions need be considered. should include other energy source options (coal, oil, gas, hydro, geothermal) as Specific tracts need not be identified, practicable.
unless already owned by the applicant.
g. If regions outside the service area were The applicant should discuss in detail the not considered during this phase of the process of selection used and clearly decision process, the reasons for their identify the bases for the choice or elimination should be discussed. rejection of each candidate site-plant h. If certain fuel types are eliminated in alternative.
selecting candidate regions because of predicted nonavailability or economic The applicant's discussion should include factors, appropriate supporting consideration of the compatibility of the evidence should be provided. proposed development of the site with sound principles of land use planning.
The applicant is reminded that the purpose Views of cognizant local planning groups of this Section is to exclude from further and interested citizens should be solicited consideration those identified regions and summarized. Areas of both consistency having less desirable characteristics which and conflict of the proposed site use with are readily recognizable without extensive any regional development program should analysis. This stage v' the selection process be specified and discussed.
32 4
In addition to criteria already cited; the by accompanying documentation. Where applicant should note: possible, operating experience from nearby a. If considerations of alternative plants may be helpful in appraising the nature transmission hook-ups are required by of environmental impacts to be anticipated.
other local, State, or Federal agencies, This guideline does not make mandatory any or if the applicant has made a choice between practicable alternative specific list of criteria with respect to which alternatives and the proposed facility must be hook.ups, these alternatives should be identified and describea. compared. The factors presented should be b. In eliminating a fuel source at a site on those used by the applicant in a selection the grounds of cost, the applicant process which weighs the projected benefits should make clear that the excess costs against environmental and other3 costs. While over a preferred alternative outweigh the comparative analysis should clearly set any potential advantages of the forth the general environmental and other eliminated fuel with respect to relevant features, it is not expected that the environmental protection. applicant will conduct extensive field studies at each of the alternative site
s. The following list
9.3 Comparisen of practicable alternatives and the of additional evaluatory considerations is proposed facility offered for further guidance.
Benefits:
The purpose of this Section is to show, by Contributions to generating capacity direct comparison of realistic alternatives, in and system reliability.
terms of both economic and environmental Possibilities for the beneficial delivery criteria, why the proposed site and nuclear fuel of waste heat.
are preferred over any other alternatives for Creation of additional benefits such as meeting the power demand. added park land and recreational facilities, reductions in air In presenting the results of comparison of pollutant emissions where existing site-plant alternatives, the applicant should old capacity is partially or entirely utilize, in so far as posrible, a tabular format replaced.
showing side-by-side comparison of alternatives with respect to relevant factors. It is Engineering Constraints of the Site:
recommended that comparisons first be made separately between fossil-fueled alternatives, Geology nuclear-fueled alternatives, and other Seismology alternatives (including those discussed in Hydrology Section 9.1), if any exist. The comparison Population density in site environs should clearly indicate, in terms of economic Access to road, rail, and water and environmental factors, the basis for the transportation preferred site-plant alternative in each energy Fuel supply and waste disposal routes source category. Cooling water supply A further tabular presentation should then be Constraints of Transmission Hook-Up:
made, demonstrating the balanced preference of the proposed site with nuclear fuel over the Access to transmission system in place best fossil fuel and best other, if any, Problems of routing new transmission alternatives (including those discussed in lines Section 9.1). Tabular presentations should be Problems of transmission reliability supplemented with brief resumes of the factors Minimization of transmission losses which ruled out alternatives other than the applicant's preferred choice. Construction Constraints:
Quantification, while desirable, is not Access for equipment and materials mandatory for all factors used when it can be Access, housing, etc., for construction made clear that data are not reasonably workers available for comparison. Under such circumstances, qualitative and general SThe applicant may use, if the necessary data are available, comparative statements are permissible. The the method for calculating generating cost discussed in Section basis for such statements should be made clear t0.
33
Land Use Constraints The following should be considered in preparing the discussion:
Costs:
Construction costs Costs of transmission hook-up a. Range of alternatives-The applicant's discussion should emphasize those alternative plant systems that appear promising in terms of
4 Operating costs environmental protection. Different designs for systems that are essentially identical with Environmental Constraints: respect to environmental effects should be considered only if their costs are appreciably Sensitivity of aquatic and terrestrial different. The applicant should include habitats affected alternatives which provide levels of Risks and uncertainties with regard to environmental protection above those of the potential impacts proposed facility when, although not Commitment of resources necessarily econormically attractive, they are Projected recreational usage practicable on technological grounds.
Scenic values Operating Constraints: b. Normalization of cost comparison-Alternatives should be compared on the basis of assuming a Load-following capability fixed amount of energy generated for Transient response. distribution outside the plant. (Thus, any effect of an alternative on plant power consumption
10. PLANT DESIGN ALTERNATIVES should be discussed.)
Most of the environmental effects of a nuclear c. Effect of capacity factor-Where the cost of power plant will be associated with the operation of operation affects the plant capacity factor, the certain identifiable systems. The applicant's effect of alternatives on the plant capacity proposed plant should incorporate a combination of factor should be documented.
these identifiable systems each of which has been selected, through evaluation of environmental. d. Monetized costs-The acquisition and operating economic and other costs, as the optimal choice within its category. In some instances, the interaction of these systems may be such as to require their selection on the basis of an optimal costs of individual systems and their alternatives (as well as costs of the total plant and transmission facility and alternatives) are to be expressed as power generating costs. The
.4 combination rather than on the basis of individual latter will be derived from cost elements optimal systems. For example, an alternative compounded or discounted (as appropriate) to cooling system may have to be evaluated in their present values as of the date of initial combination with a preferred chemical effluent commercial operation and will be converted to system that would be used with it, their annualized values. The method of computation is shown in Table I and t[ie The applicant should, in this Section, show how the individual cost items in this table are to be used proposed plant design was arrived at through as applicable. The total cost will be the sum of:
consideration of alternative designs of identifiable systems and through t'e;r comparative assessment. Capital to be expended between the date The applicant's discussion shauld be organized on of submission of the Environmental Report the basis of plant systems, arranged a,.cording to the and the scheduled date of operation.
following list:
Interest to the date of operation on all I. Cooling system (exclusive of intake and expenditures prior to that date.
discharge)
2. Intake system Expenditures subsequent to the scheduled
3. Discharge system date of operation discounted to that date.
4. Chemical systems In calculations, the applicant should
5. Biocide systems assume a 30-year plant life.'
6. Sanitary waste system
7. Liquid radwaste systems
8. Gaseous radwaste systems Use 30-year life for steam-electric generating plants. For
9. Transmission facilities other types of electric generating plants, use generally accepted
1'
0. Other systems I
values.
34
In computing thie annualized present value of adjustment for effects computed in other plant systems and their alternatives, the blocks for the sFai, p'pulation or resource following cost elements are suggested as affected. How,,.c,. nrovision is made in allowable: Table 2 (i.e.. 1.9 and 4.9) to account for combined effects that may be either less Engineering design and planning costs. than or greater than the sum of individual effects.
Construction costs.
In discussing environmental effects, the applicant Interest on capital expended prior to should specify not only the magnitude of the effect operation. (e.g., pounds of fish killed, acres of a particular habitat destroyed) but also the relative effect, that Operating, maintenance and fuel (if is the fraction of the population or resource that is applicable) costs over the 30-year life of affected. See discussion in Section 5.8.
the plant.
Cost of modification or alteration of any In some specific cases, accurate estimation of an other plant system if required for accom- effect which the applicant believes to be very small modation of alternatives. may require a data collection effort that would not be commensurate with the value of the infomation Maintenance costs for the transmission to be obtained. In such cases, the applicant may facility (if applicable). substitute a preferred measure which conservatively estimates environmental costs for the effect in Cost of supplying make.up power during a question, provided the substituted measure is clearly delay resulting from an alternative design documented and realistically evaluates the choice which will not meet tile power potentially detrimental (i.e., worst case) aspects of requirement by the scheduled in-service the effect, and provided the measure is applied date. consistently to all alternatives.
e. Environmental costs. Environmental effects of In the following subsections, the applicant is to alternatives should be fully documented. To the discuss design alternatives for each of the relevant extent practicable, the magnitude of each effect plant systems (i.e., cooling system, intake system.
should be quantified. Where' quantification is etc.). The discussion should describe each not possible, qualitative evaluations should be alternazive and should present estimates of the expressed in terms of comparison to the effects difference between its environmental impact and of the subsystem chosen for the proposed that of the proposed system. The assumptions and design. In either case, the derivation of the calculations on which the estimates are based should evaluations should be completely documented. be presented, and the results should be entered in the appropriate forms. In the columns headed Both short-term and long-term environmental "Page," the applicant should cite the appropriate effects should be reported by the applicant. references to the text of his Report. Note that, in Table 2 provides three key elements of the forms, the categorization and numerical environmental cost evaluation: identification of each environmental effect corresponds to that of Table
2. In each of the forms
(1) A description of each effect to be used in the subsections 10.1 to 10.9 the applicant measured (column 3). must include, in the first "A" column, data on the
(2) Suggested units to be used for system selected in the applicant's proposed design.
measurement (column 4) The AEC
recognizes the difficulty, if not the Each supplemental form provides space for the impossibility, of using the assigned units display of data regarding four alternatives; however, for every item in Table 2 in each case, the applicant is neither obligated to consider, nor given the current state-of-the-art. The limited to, any precise number. The applicant applicant may elect to use other units, should limit the discussion to those alternatives provided they are meaningful to the which the current state-of-the-art indicates are informed public and adequately reflect the technically practicable.
impact of the listed environmental effects.
(3) A suggested methodology of computation The monetized costs of the proposed systems and (column 5). Computation of effects in alternatives to be entered in the supplemental forms response to each block in Table 2, e.g., 1.1, are to be presented on an incremental basi
s. This
1.2 etc., should be given without means that the costs of the proposed systems would
35
appear as zeroes in the "A" columns of the forms impacts to entrained organisms at their points and that the costs of' the other alternative systems of exposure as well as the impacts beyond the (B, C, D, etc.) should appear as cost differences, i.e., point of discharge. Estimates of environmental B-A, C-A, etc., with the appropriate sign. Tihe environmental costs are not incremental and the supplemental forms should therefore show these as the total costs, whether monetized or not. (If an effects should be prepared and presented on AEC Form
4 environmental effect is considered beneficial, the 10.5 Biocide systems entry should be preceded by a negative sign.)
The applicant should describe alternative In addition to the infolmation displayed on forms, systems for control of fouling organisms, the applicant should provide a verbal description of including both mechanical and chemical the process by which the trade-offs were weighed methods where such alternative systems may and balanced in arriving at the propos-d design. This be expected to have less severe environmental discussion may include any factors not provided for effects than the proposed system. The on the forms supplied. treatment of chemical biocides should be similar to that specified above for chemical
10.1 Cooling system (exclusive of intake and effluent treatment. Estimates of discharge) environmental effects should be prepared and presented on AEC Form The applicant should identify and describe cooling system alternatives to the proposed
10.6 Sanitary waste system design. Estimates of environmental effects should be prepared and presented on AEC
Alternative sanitary waste systems should be Form identified and discussed with regard to the
10.2 Intake system environmental implications of both waste products and chemical additives for waste The applicant should identify and describe treatment. Estimates of environmental effects intake system alternatives to the proposed should be prepared and presented on AEC
design. Estimates of environmental effects Form should be prepared and presented on AEC
Form
10.3 Discharge system
10.7 Liquid radwaste systems 4 For proposed light-water cooled reactor The applicant should identify and describe installations in which the quantities of discharge system alternatives to the proposed radioactive material in effluents will be limited design. Estimates of environmental effects to levels that are within the numerical guides should be prepared and presented on AEC for design objectives and limiting conditions Form of operation set forth in the Commission's proposed amendments (dated June 9, 1971)
10.4 Chemical systems to 10 CFR Part 50 and embodied in a new Appendix I (reproduced in Appendix 4 of this Alternative chemical systems that have the Guide), no further consideration need be given potential for reduced adverse environmental to the reduction of radiological impacts in effects should be described and the formulating alternative plant designs. If the environmental impacts of effluents should be reactor is not a light-water cooled reactor, the fully identified. Corrosion products as well as possibility must be explored of an alternative corrosion inhibitors should be considered. radwaste system which reduces the level of radioactivity in the effluents and direct The description should include specification radiation to the levels proposed in Appendix 1.
of both maximum and average concentrations In any case, for reactors to which the and dilution sources. (Where a discharge is not proposed Appendix I does not apply, the continuous, the discharge schedule should be applicant should demonstrate sufficient spiecified.) Any toxicity and lethality to consideration of alternative radwaste systems affected biota should be documented for all and of their radiological output to assure that potential points of exposure. Specifically, releases from the proposed facility will be as information should be sufficient to define the low as practicable.
36
10.8 Gaseous radwaste systems The applicant will have to develop criteria for assessing and comparing benefits and costs where Consideration of systems for the disposal of these are expressed in nonmonetary or qualitative gaseous radwaste is subject to the qualifying terois. The rationale for the selection among condition noted under 10.7 above. site-plant alternatives, as well as am0ong subsystem alternatives, should be presented. In any case, the
10.9 Transmission facilities applicant should carefully describe any aggregation of effects and discuss in detail the trade.offs that The applicant will discuss the cost and were made in order to justify the proposed plant. If environmental effects of alternative routes for any of the benefits or costs are deleted from the new transmission facilities required for tie-in applicant's analysis. the rationale for doing so of the proposed facility to the applicant's should be explained. The applicant should key all system. The documentation should include the terms used in the summary benefit-cost analysis maps of the alternative routes. These maps to the relevant Sections of the Environmental should clearly indicate topographic features Report.
important to evaluation of thie routes and boundaries of visually sensitive areas. The 12. ENVIRONMENTAL APPROVALS AND
applicant may find thie documents cited in CONSULTATION
Section 3.9 helpful in this analysis. Estimates of environmental effects should be prepared List all licenses, permits and other approvals of and presented on AEC Form plant construction and operations required by Federal. State, local and regional authorities for the protection of the environmen
t. List those Federal
10.10 Other systems and State approvals which have already been received, and indicate the status of matters Any plant system, other than those specified regarding approvals yet to be obtained. ' For above, which is associated with an adverse general background, submit similar information environmental effect, should be discussed in regarding approvals, licenses and contacts with local terms of practicable and feasible alternatives authorities..
that may reduce or eliminate this environmental effect. List all licenses, permits and other approvals and cite laws and regulations applicable to the
10.11 The proposed plant transportation of fresh fuel, irradiated fuel, and radioactive wastes. Include restrictions on routes or Having identified the preferred alternative specification of routes imposed by cognizant local, system, the applicant should now provide the State or other authorities.
cost description of the proposed facility and transmission hook-up. AEC Form is List all laws or ordinances applicable to the provided for this purpose. In addition to those proposed transmission system and the status of elements previously suggested as allowable in approvals that must be obtained. Indicate any computing plant system costs, the applicant public hearings held or to be held with respect to may include the cost of site and right-of-way the proposed transmission system.
acquisition and preparation.
The listing should cite the relevant statutory or Note that the generating and transmission cost other authority requiring approvals with respect to entries on AEC Form are not to be the construction and/or operation of the plant and incremental and, hence, should appear as total should be categorized by the environmental impact values. to which the approval is addressed. These categories could include, for example, air, land and water use
11. SUMMARY BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS and planning, fish diversion, and construction effects.
In this Section the applicant's summary bcnefit-cost statement will be presented. The presentation should be made in the form of a narrative with accompanyiag tables and charts. The presentation 'Includes. for example. the status of applications to should make clear what the applicant considers to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for permits to dredge, to be the important benefits and costs of the proposed discharge or deposit materials into navigable waters or their tributaries as required by Sec. 10 (33 U.S.C. 403) and Sec. 13 facility and why in the judgment of the applicant, (33 U.S.C. 407. "The Refuse Act") of the Rivers & Harbhors Act the former outweigh the latter. of 1899.
37
10.8 Gaseous radwaste systems The applicant will have to develop criteria for assessing and comparing benefits and costs where Consideration of systems for the disposal of these are expressed in nonmonetary or qualitative gaseous radwaste is subject to the qualifying terms. The rationale for the selection among condition noted under 10.7 above. site-plant alternatives, as well as among subsystem alternatives, should be presented. In any case, the
10.9 Transmission facilities applicant should carefully describe any aggregalion of effects and discuss in detail the trade-offs that The applicant will discuss the cost and were made in order to justify the proposed plant. If environmental effects of alternative routes for any of the benefits or costs are deleted from the new transmission facilities required for tie-in applicant's analysis, thie rationale for doing so of the proposed facility to the applicant's should be explained. The applicant should key all system. The documentation should include the terms used in the summary benefit-cost analysis maps of the alternative routes. These maps to the relevant Sections of the Environmental
- hould clearly indicate topographic features Report.
important to evaluation of the routes and boundaries of visually sensitive areas. The 12. ENVIRONMENTAL APPROVALS AND
applicant may find the documents cited in CONSULTATION
Section 3.9 helpful in this analysi
s. Estimates
- of environmental effects should be prepared List all licenses, permits and other approvals of and presented on AEC Form plant construction and operations required by Federal, State, local and regional authorities for [ie protection of the environmen
t. List those Federal
10.10 Other systems and State approvals which have already been received, and indicate the status of matters Any plant system, other than those specified regarding approvals yet to be obtained. ' For above, which is associated with an adverse general background, submit similar information environmental effect, should be discussed in regarding approvals, licenses and contacts with local terms of practicable and feasible alternative" authorities.
that may reduce or eliminate this environmental effect. List all licenses, permits and other approvals and cite laws and regulations applicable to the
10.11 The proposed plant transportation of fresh fuel, irradiated fuel. and radioactive wastes. Include restrictions on routes or Having identified the preferred alternative specification of routes imposed by cognizant local, system, the applicant should now provide the State or other authorities.
cost description of the proposed facility and transmission hook-up. AEC Form is List all laws or ordinances applicable to the provided for this purpose. In addition to those proposed transmission system and the status of elements previously suggested as allowable in approvals that must be obtained. Indicate any computing plant system costs, the applicant public hearings held or to be held with respect to may include the cost of site and right-of.way the proposed transmission system.
acquisition and preparation.
The listing should cite the relevant statutory or Note that the generating and transmission cost other authority requiring approvals with respect to entries on AEC Form are not to be the construction and/or operation of the plant and incremental and, hence, should appear as total should be categorized by the environmental impact values. to which the approval is addressed. These categories could include, for example, air, land and water use
11, SUMMARY BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS and planning, fish diversion, and construction effects.
In this Section the applicant's summary benefit-cost statement will be presented. The presentation should be made in the form of a narrative with accompanying tables and charts. The presentation Includes, for example, the status of applications to should make clear what the applicant considers to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for permits to dredge, to be the important benefits and costs of the proposed discharge or deposit materials into navigable waters or their tributaries as required by Sec. 10 (33 U.S.C. 403) and Sec. 13 facility and why in the judgment of the applicant, (33 U.S.C. 407," "The Refuse Act") of the Rivers & Harhors Act the former outweigh the latter. of I 899.
37
Discuss the status of efforts to obtain a water State, metropolitan, and regional clearinghouses quality certification under Section 21(b) of the that should be contacted as appropriate. (A listing Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended. If of applicable clearinghouses may be obtained from not already obtained, indicate when ce tification is expected. If certification is not required, explain.
the AEC.)
Cite meetings held with environmental and other citizen groups with reference given to specific
4 If the discharge could alter the quality of the water of another State, indicate the State or States that instances of the applicant's compliance with citizen may be affected and their applicable water quality group recommendations.
standards.
1
3. REFERENCES
In view of the effects of the plant on the economic development of the region in which it is located, the The applicant should provide a bibliography of applicant should also note the State, local, and sources used in preparation of the Environmental regional planning authorities contacted or Report. References cited should be keyed to the consulted. The OMB Circular A-95 identifies the specific sections to which they apply.
4
38
Table I-MONETIZED BASES FOR GENERATING COSTS*
ITEM SYMBOL UNITS ITEM DESCRIPTION
4. 1 .4 Total Outlay Required CI All capital outlays including interest expense to be invested to Bring Facility to in completion of the facility compounded to present value Operation as of the scheduled in-service date of operation.
Annual Operating Cost Ot This is the total operating and maintenance cost of plant operation in year t.
Annual Fuel Cost Ft This is the total fuel cost in year t.
Cost of Make-up Power Pt Cost of power purchased or supplied internally in year t to Purchased or Supplied make up deficiency of power associated with any in Year t alternative which introduces delay.
Discount Factor v = (I + ij' where i is the applicant's estimated average cost of capital over the life of this plant.
30 30
Total Generating GCp GCP = C1 + FLvt (01 + Ft) + ;tI
Cost-Present Value Total Generating GCa GCa= G,~ X
Cost-Present Value Annualized
- For conventionalI (niuclear or fossil fuel) ste~am-electric plants.
39
Table 2-GUIDANCE FOR DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
Population or Description Unit of Method of Primary impact Measure' Computation Resources Affected
1. Natural surface water (Specify natural water body body affected)
1.1lmpingement. or 1.1.1 Fish' Juveniles and adults are subject to Pounds per year Identify all important species. Estimate the annual weight entrapment by cooling attrition. (as adults by of each species that will be destroyed. For water intake structure species of young-of-the-yeax destroyed, only the expected interest). population that would have survived naturally need be considered.
1.2 Passage through or 1.2.1 Phytoplankton and Plankton population may be reduced Net effect in Field measurements are required to establish the average retention in cooling zooplankton due to mechnical, thermal and chemical pounds per year weight of organisms per unit volume by group (e.g.,
systems effects. (as adult fish by diatoms, green algae, zooplankton, etc.).
species of interest).
Determine the mortality of organisms passing through the condenser and pumps. Include indirect3 effects which affect mortality. Translate loss to pounds of fish.
All life stages (eggs. larvae, etc.) which Net effect in Identify all important species. Estimate the annual weight
1.2.2 Fish reach the condenser are subject to pounds per year of each species that will be destroyed. For larvae, eggs, attrition. (as adult fish by and young-of-the-ycar destroyed, only the expected species of population that would have survived naturally need be interest). considered.
1.3 Discharge area and 1.3.1 Water quality, excess The rate of dissipation of the excess Acres and Estimate the average Btu's per hour dissipated to the thermal plume heat heat, primarily to the atmosphere, will acre-feet. receiving water at full power. Estimate the water volume depend on both the method of discharge and surface areas within differential temperature and the state of the receiving water, in isotherms of 2%, 30, and 5VF under conditions that would respect to ambient temperature and tend, with respect to annual variations, to maximize the water currents. extent of the areas and volumes.
1.3.2 Water quality, oxygen Dissolved oxygen concentration of Acre-feet. Estimate volumes of affected waters with concentrations availability receiving waters may be modified as a below 5, 3, and I ppm under conditions that would tend consequence of changes in the water to maximize the impact.
temperature, the translocation of water of different quality, and aeration.
1.3.3 Aquatic organisms Primary producers and consumers Net effect in Field measurements are required to establish the average (including fish) may be affected directly pounds per year weight of organisms per unit volume by group. Estimate or indirectly due to adverse conditions in (as adult fish by the mortality of organisms in the receiving water from the plume. species of direct and indirect effects. Translate loss to pounds of interest). fish.
'Applicant may substitute an alternative unit of measure, where appropriate. Such a measure should be applied consistently to all alternatives for the effect being measured.
I "Fish" as used In this table Includes shellfish and other aquatic invertebrates harvested by man.
5 Indirect effects could Include increased disease Incidence, increased predation. interference with spawning, reduced metabolic rates, hatching of fish out of phase with food organisms.
w w Lw Table 2-GUIDANCE FOR DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS-Continued Population or Unit of Method of Primary Impact Resources Affected Description Measure' Computation
1.3.4 Wildlife (including Suitable habitats for wildlife may be Acres. Determine the area of wet land or water surface impaired birds, aquatic and affected. as a wildlife habitat because of thermal discharges, amphibious mammals including effects on food resources. Document estimates and reptiles). of affected population by species.
1.3.5 Fish, migratory A thermal barrier may inhibit migration, Pounds per year Estimate the fraction of the stock that is prevented from both hampering spawning and (as adult fish by reaching spawning grounds because of plant operation.
diminishing the survival of returning species of Prorate this directly to a reduction in current and immature fish. interest). long-term fishing effort supported by that stock. Justify estimate on basis of local migration patterns, .xperience at other sites, and applicable State standards.
1.4 Chemical effluents 1.4.1 Water quality, chemical Water quality may be impaired. Acre-feet, %. The volume ,f water required to dilute the average daily discharge of eachchcemical to meet applicable water quality standards should be calculated. Where suitable standards do not exist, use the volume required to dilute each chemical to a concentration equivalent to a selected lethal concentration (e.g.. LDI .) for the most sensitive organism of commercial or ecological significance in the receiving waters. The ratio of this volume to the annual minimum value of the daily net flow, where applicable, of the receiving waters should be expressed as a percentage, and the largest such percentage reported. Include the total solids if this is a limiting factor. include in this calculation the blowdown from cooling towers.
1.4.2 Aquatic organisms Aquatic populations may be affected by Pounds per year Total chemical effect on aquatic biota should be toxic levels of discharge chemicals or by (by species as estimated. Biota exposed within the facility should be reduced dissolved oxygen fish). considered as well as biota in receiving waters. Supporting concentrations. documentation should include reference to applicable standards, chemicals discharged and Ib'.r toxicity to the aquatic populations affected.
1.4.3 Wildlife (Including Suitable habitats for wildlife may be Acres. Estimate the area of wet land or water surface impaired as birds, aquatic and affected. a wildlife habitat because of chemical contamination amphibious mammals, including effects on food resources. Document estimates and reptiles). of affected population by species.
1.4.4 People Recreational water uses may be Lost annual user Volume of the net flow to the receiving waters required inhibited. days and area for for dilution to reach established water quality standards dilution. must be determined on the basis of daily discharge and converted to either surface area or miles of shore. Cross section and annual minimum flow characteristics should be incorporated where applicable. User density for the locality must be obtained.
'Applicant may substitute an alternative unit of measure., where appropriate. Such a measure should be applied consistently to all alternatives for the effect being measured.
Table 2-GUIDANCE FOR DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS-Continued Population or Description Unit of Method of Primary Impact Resources Affected Measure' Computation This permits estimation of lost user-days on an annual basis. Indirect recreation losses due to eutrophication and decrea3.-d fishing shall be included.
l.SRadionuclides 1-5.1 Aquatic organisms Radionuclide discharge may introduce a Rad per year. Sum dose contributions from radionuw!ides expected to discharged to water radiation level which adds to natural be released.
body background radiation.
1.5.2 People, external Radionucide discharge may introduce Rem per year for Sum annual dose contributions from nuciidie; expected to radiation level which adds to natural individual; be released. Calculate for above-water activities (skiing, background radiation for water users. man-rem per fishing, boating), in-water activities (swimming), and year for estima- shoreline activities.
ted population as of the Irust scheduled year of plant opera- tion.
1.5.3 People, ingestion Radlonuclide discharge may introduce a Rem per year for Estimate biological accumulation in foods, and intake by radiation level which adds to natural individuals individuals and population. Calculate doses by summing background radiation for ingested food (whole body and results for expected radionuclides.
and water. organ); man-rem per year for population as of first scheduled year of plant operation.
1.6Consumptive use 1.6.1 People Drinking water supplies drawn from the Gallons per year. Where users withdraw drinking water supplies from the (evaporative losses) water body may be diminished. affected water body, lost water to users should be estimated.
1.6.2 Property Water may be withdrawn from Acre-feet per Where users withdrawing irrigation water are affected, the agricultural usage and use of remaining year. loss should be evaluated as the sum of two volumes: the water may be degraded. volume of the water lost to agricultural users and the volume of dilution water required to reduce concentrations of dissolved solids in remaining water to an agriculturally acceptable level.
1.7 Plant construction 1.7.1 Water quality, physical Turbidity, color or temperature of Acre-feet and The volume of dilution water required to meet applicable (including site natural water body may be altered. acres. water quality standards should be calculated. The real preparation) extent of the effect should be estimated.
1.7.2 Water quality, chemical Water quality may be impaired. Acre-feet, %. To the extent possible, the applicant should treat problems of spills and drainage during construction in the same manner as 1.4.1.
'Applicant may substitute an alternative unit of meaure, where appropriate. Such a measure should be. applied consistently to alt alternatives for the effect being measured.
w w w Table 2-GUIDANCE FOR DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS-Continued Population or Unit of Method of Primary Impact Resources Affected Description Measure, Computation
1.8 Other impacts The applicant should describe and quantify any other environmental effects of the proposed plant which are significant.
1.9Co mbined or Where evidence indicates that the combined effects of a interactive effects number of impacts on a particular population or resource is not adequatety indicated by measures of the separate impacts, the total, combined effect should be described.
1.10 Net effects See discussion in Section 5.8.
1Applicant may substitute an alternative unit of measure. where appropriate. Such a measure should be applied consistently to all alternatives for the effect being measured.
Table 2-GUIDANCE FOR DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS-Continued Primary Impact Population or Description Unit of Method of Resources Affected Measure' Computation I. Ground Water
2.1 Raising/lowering of 2.1.1 People Availability or quality of drinking water Gallons per year. Volume of replacement water for local wells actually ground water levels may be decreased and the functioning of affected must be estimated.
existing wells may be impaired.
2.1.2 Plants Trees and other deep-rooted vegetation Acres. Estimate the area in which ground water level change may may be affected. have an adverse effect on local vegetation. Report this acreage on a separate schedule by land use. Specify such uses as recreatioiual. agricultural and residential.
2.2C h e m i c a I 2.2.1 People Drinking water of nearby communities. Galloas per year. Compute annual loss of potable water.
contamination of ground water (excluding salt)
2.2.2 Plants Trees and other deep-rooted vegetation Acres. Estimate area affected and report separately by land use.
may experience toxic effects. Specify such uses as recreational, agricultural and residential.
2.3 R a d i o n u c Ii d e 2.3.1 People Radionuclides which enter ground water Rem per year for Estimate intakes by individuals and populations. Sum contamination of may add to natural background radiation individ uals dose contributions for nuclides expected to be released.
ground water level for water and food supplies. (whole body and organ); man-rem per year for population as of year of first scheduled year of plant opera- tion.
2.3.2 Plants and animals Radionuclides which enter ground water Rad per year. Estimate uptake in plants and transfer to animals. Sum may add to natural background radiation dose contributions for nuclides expected to be released.
level for local plant forms and animal population.
2.4 Other impacts on The applicant should describe and quantify any other ground water environmental effects of the proposed plant which are significant.
'Applicant may substitute an alternative unit of measure, where appropriate. Such a measure should be applied consistently to all alternatives for the effect being measured.
w MW
Table 2-GUIDANCE FOR DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS-Continuwd Primary Impact Population or Unit of Method of Resources Affected Description Measuret Computation
3. Air
3.1 Fogging and icing 3.1.1 Ground transportation Safety hazards may be created in the Hours per year. Compute the number of hours per year that driving (caused by evaporation nearby regions in all seasons. hazards will be increased on paved highways by fog and and drift) ice from cooling towers and ponds. Documentation should include the visibility criteria used for defining hazardous conditions on the highways actually affected.
3.1.2 Air transportation Safety hazards may be created in the Hours per year. Compute the number of hours per year that commercial nearby regions in all seasons. airports will be closed because of fog from cooling towers.
3.1.3 Water transportation Safety hazards may be created in the Hours per year. Compute the number of hours per year ships will need to nearby regions In all seasons. reduce speed because of fog from cooling towers or ponds or warm water added to the surface of the river, lake or sea.
3.1.4 Plants Damage to timber and crops may occur Acres by crop. Estimate the acreage of potential plant damage by crop.
through introduction of adverse conditions.
tl.A
3.2 Chemical discharge to 3.2.1 Air quality, chemical Pollutant emissions may diminish the % and pounds or The actual concentration of each pollutant in ppm for ambient air quality of the local ambient air. tons. maximum daily emission rate should be expressed as a percentage of the applicable emission standard. Report weight for expected annual emissions.
3.2.2 Air quality, odor Odor in gaseous discharge or from Statement. A statement must be made as to whether odor originating effects on water body may be in plant is perceptible at any point off-site.
objectionable.
3.3 R a d i o n u c lid e s 3.3.1 People, external Radionuclide discharge or direct Rem per year for Sum dose contributions from nuclides expected to be discharged to ambient radiation may add to natural background individuals released.
air and direct radiation radiation level. (whole body and from radioactive organ); man-rem materials (in-plant or per year for being transported). population as of year of first scheduled operation.
3.3.2 People, ingestion Radionuclide discharge may add to the Rem per year for For radionuclides expected to be teleased estimate natural radioactivity in vegetation and in in divi duals deposit and accumulation in foods. Estimate intakes by soil. (whole body and individuals and populations and sum results for all organ); man-rcm expected radionuclides.
per year for
'Applicant may substitute an alternative unit of measure, where appropriate. Such a measure should be applied consistently to all alternatives for the eifect being measured.
Table 2-GUIDANCE FOR DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS-Continued Description Unit of Method of Primary Impact Population or Computation Resources Affected Measure'
population as of year of fisst scheduled operation.
3.3.3 Plants and animals Radionuclide discharge may add to Rad per year. Estimate deposit of radionuclides on, and uptake in plants natural background radioactivity of local and animals. Sum dose contributions for radionuclides plant and anjmal life. expected to be released.
"Re applicant should describe and quantify any other
3.4 Other impacts on air envixonmental effects of the proposed plant which are significant.
1Applicant may substitute an altemalive unit of measure, where appropriate. Such a measur- ihodld be applied consistently to all alternatives for the effect being measured.
JOE
w W W
Table 2-GUIDANCE FOR DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS-Continued Primary Impact Population or Unit of Method of Resources Affected Measure' Computation
4. Land
4.1 Site selection 4.1.1 Land,amount Land will be preempted for construction Acres. State number of acres preempted for plant. exclusion of nuclear power plant, plant facilities, zone, and accessory facilities such as cooling towers and and exclusion zone. ponds. By separate schedule slate the type and class of land preempted (e.g.. scenic shoreline, wet land, forest land, etc.).
4.2 Construction activities 4.2.1 People (amenities) There will be a loss of desirable qualities Number by The disruption of community life (or alternatively the (including site in the environment due to the noise and category, years. degree of community isolation from such irritations.
preparation) movement of men, material and should be estimated. Estimate the number of residences, machines. schools, hospitals, etc., within area of visual and audio impacts. Estimate the duration of impacts.
4.2.2 People (accessibility of Historical sites may be affected by Visitors per year. Determine historical sites that might be displaced by historical sites) construction generation facilities. Estimate effect on any other sites in plant environs. Express net impact in terms of annual number of visitors.
4.2.3 People (accessibility of Construction activity may impinge upon Qualified Summarize evaluation of impact on archeological archeological sites) sites of archaeological value. opinion. resources in terms of remaining potential value of the site.
Referenced documentation should include statements from responsible county, State or Federal agencies, if available.
4.2.4 Wildlife Wildlife may be affected. Qualified Summarize qualified opinion including views of cognizant opinion. local and State wildlife agencies when available, taking into account both beneficial and adverse affects.
4.2.5 Land (erosion) Site preparation and plant construction Cubic yards and Estimate soil displaced by construction activity and will involve cut and fill operations with acres. erosion. Beneficial and detrimental effects should be accompanying erosion potential. reported separately.
4.3 Plant operation 4.3.1 People (amenities) Noise may induce stress. Number of Use the Proposed !!UD Criterion Guideline for residents, school Non-Aircraft Noise to establish areas receiving noise in the populations, categories of "Cleariy Unacceptable," "Normally hospital beds. Unacceptable" and "Normally Acceptable." For each area report separately the number of residences, the total school population, and the total number of hospital beds.
4.3.2 People (aesthetics) The local landscape as viewed from Qualified Summarize qualified opinion including views of cognizant adjacent residential areas and opinion. local and regional authorities when available.
neighboring historical, scenic, and recreational sites may be rendered Applicant may substitute an alternative unit of measure, where appropriate. Such a measure should be applied consistently to all alternatives for the effect being measured.
Table 2-GUIDANCE FOR DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS-Continued Population or Description Unit of Method of Primary Impact Resources Affected Measure' Computation aesthetically objectionable by the plant facility.
4.3.3 Wildlife Wildlife may be affected. Qualified Summarize qualified opinion including views of cognizant opinion. local and State wildlife agencies when available, taking into account both beneficial and adverse effects.
4.3.4 Land, flood control Health and safety near the water body Reference to Reference must be made to regulations of cognizant may be affected by flood control. Flood Control Flood Control Agency by use of one of the following District approv- terms: Has NO IMPLICATIONS for flood control, al. COMPLIES with flood control reguL-tion.
4.4 Salts discharged from 4.4.1 People Intrusion of salts into groundwater may Pounds per Estimate the amount of salts discharged as drift and cooling towers affect water supply. square foot per particulates. Report maximum deposition. Supporting year. documentation should include patterns of deposition and projection of possible effect on water supplies.
4.4.2 Plants and animals Deposition of entrained salts may be Acres. Salt tolerance of local affected area vegetation must be detrimental in come nearby regions. determined. That area, if any, receiving salt deposition in excess of tolerance (after allowance for dilution) must be estimated. Report separately an appropriate tabulation of acreage by land use. Specify such uses as recreational.
agricultural and residential. Where wildlife habitat is affected identify populations.
4.4.3 Property resources Structures and movable property may Dollars per year. If salt spray impinges upon a local community, then suffer degradation from corrosive property damage may be estimated by applying to the effects. local value of buildings, machinery, and vehicles a differential in average depreciation rates between this and a comparable sea-coast community.
4.5 Transmission route 4.5.1 Land, amount Land will be preempted for construction Miles, acres. State total length and area of new rights-of-way.
selection of transmission line systems.
4.S.2 Land use and land value Lines may pass through visually sensitive Miles, acres. Total length of new transmission lines and area of (that is sensitive to presence of right-of-way through various categories of visually transmission lines and towers) areas, thus sensitive land.
impinging on their present and potential use and value.
4.5.3 People (aesthetics) Lines may present visually undersirable "!umber of such Estimate total number of visually undesirable features.
features. teatures. such as: Number of major road crossings in vicinity of intersection or interchanges. Number of major waterway crossings. Number of crest, ridge, or other high point crossings. Number of "long views" of transmission lines perpendicular to highways and waterways.
'Applicant may substitute an alternative unit of measure, where appropriate. Such a measure should be applied consistently to all alternatives for the effect being measured.
w W
Table 2-GUIDANCE FOR DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS-Continued Primary I mpact Population or Description Unit of Method of Resources Affected Measure' Computation
4.6 Transmission facilities 4.6.1 Land adjacent to Constructing new roads for access to Miles. Estimate length of new access and service roads required construction right-of-way right-of-way may have environmental for alternative routes.
impact.
4.6.2 Land, erosion Soil erosion may result from Tons per year. Estimate area with increased erosion potential traceable construction activities. to construction activities.
4.6.3 Wildlife Widlife may be affected. Qualified opinion.
4.7 Transmission line 4.7.1 Land Use Land preempted by right-of-way may be %6 Estimate percent of right-of-way for which no multiple operation used for additional beneficial purposes use activities are planned.
such as orchards, picnic areas, nurseries.
hiking and riding trails.
4.7.2 Wildlife Modified wildlife habitat may result in Qualified Summarize qualified opinion including views of cognizant changes. opinton. local and State wildlife agencies when available.
4.8 Other land impacts The applicant should describe and quantify any other environmental effects of the proposed plant which are significant.
4.9Co mbined or Where evidence indicates that the combined effects of a interactive effects number of impacts on a particular population or resource are not adequately indicated by measures of the separate impacts, the total combined effect should be described.
q.10 Net effects See discussion in Section 5.8.
1Applicant may substitute an alternative unit of measure, where appropriate. Such a measure should he applied consistently to all alternatives for the effect being measured.
AEC FORM_
BENEFITS FROM THE PROPOSED FACILITY
Direct Benefits Expected Average Annual Generation in Kilowatt-Hours ......................
Capacity in Kilowatts .................................................
Proportional Distribution of Electrical Energy Expected Annual Delivery in Kilowatt-Hours:
Industrial ...................................................
Com m ercial .................................................
Residential ..................................................
Other ......................................................
Expected Average Annual Btu (in millions) of Steam Sold from the Facility .......
Expected Average Annual Delivery of Other Beneficial Products (appropriate physical units) ...................................................
Revenues from Delivered Benefits:
Electrical Energy Generated ........................................
Steam Sold .....................................................
O ther Products ..................................................
Indirect Benefits (as appropriate)
Taxes (Local, State, Federal) ...........................................
Research ...........................................................
Regional Product ....................................................
Environmental Enhancement:
Recreation ......................................................
Navigation ......................................................
Air Quality:
S0 2 .......................................................
NOX ..................................................
Particulates ..................................................
O thers .....................................................
Employment ...
Education ......... ........
O thers ............................................................
50
COST DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED FACILITY AND TRANSMISSION HOOK-UP
(All monetized costs expressed in terms of their present and annualized values)
Present Worth Generating Cost Annualized Present Worth Transmission and Hook.up Cost Annualized Environmental Costs UNITS MAGNITUDE ] PAGE
1. Natural surface water body
1.1 Impingement or entrapment by cooling water intake structure
1.1.1 Fish
1.2 Passage through or retention in cooling systems
1..-1 Phytoplankton and zooplankton
1.2.2 Fish
1.3 Discharge area and thermal plume
1.3.1 Water quality, excess heat
1.3.2 Water quality, oxygen availability
1.3.3 Aquatic biota
1.3.4 Wildlife (including birds, aquatic and amphibious mammals, and reptiles)
1.3.5 Fis
h. migration
1.4 Chemical effluents
1.4.1 Water quality, chemical
1.4.2 Aquatic organisms
1.4.3 Wildlife (including birds, aquatic and amphibious mammals, and reptiles)
1.4.4 People
1.5 Radionuclides discharged to water body
1.5.1 Aquatic organisms
1.5.2 People, external
1.5.3 Peopl
e. ingestion
1.6 Consumptive use (evaporative losses)
1.6.1 People
1.6.2 Property
1.7 Plant construction lincluding site preparation)
1.7.1 Water quality, physical
1.7.2 Water quality, chemical
1.8 Other Impacts
1.9 Combined or intrractive effects
1.10 Net effect
51
COST DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED FACILITY AND TRANSMISSION HOOK-UP
(Continued)
Environmental Costs ] UNITS MAGNITUDE I PAGE
2. Ground water
2.1 Raising/lowering of ground water levels
2.1.1 People
2.1.2 Plants
2.2 Chemical contamination of ground water lexcluding salt)
2.2.1 People
2.2.2 Plants
2.3 Radionuclide contamination of ground water
2.3.1 People
2.3.2 Plants and animals
2.4 Other impacts on ground water
3. Air
3.1 Fogging and icing (caused by evaporation and drift
3.1.1 Ground transportation
3.1.2 Air transportation
3.1.3 Water transportation
3.1.4 ":I., s
3.2 Cl-ori.*-i :* charge to ambient air
1 2.1 Ai, u jalit
y. chemical
3.2.2 Air teualit
y. odor
3.3 Radionuclldes discharged to ambient air and direct radiation from radioactive materials
3.3,1 People, external
3.3.2 People, ingestion
3.3.3 Plants end animals
4. Land
4.1 Site selection
4.1.1 Land, amount
4.2 Construction activities (including site preparation)
4.2.1 People (amenitles)
4.2.2 People (accessibility of historical sites)
4.2.3 People (accessibility of archeological sites)
4.2.4 Wildlife
4.2.6 Land
52 I
COST DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED FACILITY AND TRANSMISSION HOOK-UP
(Continued)
Environmental Costs 4.3 Plant operation
[ UNITS I MAGNITUDE PAGE
4.3.1 People lamenities)
4.3.2 People (aesthetics)
4.3.3 Wildlife
4.3.4 Lan
d. flood control
4.4 Salts discharged from cooling towers
4.4.1 People
4.4.2 Plants and animals
4.4.3 Property resources
4.5 Transmission route selection
4.5.1 Land, amount
4.5.2 land use and land value
4.5.3 People (aesthetics)
4.6 Transmission facilities construction
4.6.1 Land adjacent to right-of-way
4.6.2 Land, erosion
4.6.3 Wildlife
4.7 Transmission line operation
4.7.1 Land use
4.7.2 Wildlife
4.8 Other land impacts
4.9 Combined or Interactive effects
4.10 Net effects
53
COST DESCRIPTION-ALTERNATIVE COOLING SYSTEMS
(exclusive of intake and discharge)
ALTERNATIVES A B C o INCREMENTAL GENERATING COST Present Worth Annualized CAPACITY FACTOR
ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS UNITS Magnitude Page Magnitude Page Magnitude Page Magnitude Page
1. Natural Surface Water Body
1.1 Impingement or entrapment by cooling water intake structure
1,1.1 Fish
1.2 Passage through or retention in cooling systems
1.2.1 Phytoplankton and zooplankton
1.2.2 Fish
1.3 Discharge area and thermal plume
1.3.1 Water quality, excess heat
1.3.2 Water quality, oxygen availability
1.3.3 Aquatic organisms
1.3.4 Wildlife lincluding birds, aquatic and amphibious mammals. and reptiles)
1.3.5 Fish, migratory
1.4 Chemical effluents
1.4.1 Water quality, chemical
1.4.2 Aquatic organisms
1.4.3 Wildlife (including birds, aquatic and amphibious mammals. and reptiles)
1.4.4 People
1.5 Radlonuclides discharged to water body
1.5.1 Aquatic organisms
1.5.2 People, external
1.5.3 People, ingestion
COST DESCRIPTION-ALTERNATIVE COOLING SYSTEMS (Continued)
ALTERNATIVES
A a C I D
ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS UNITS Magnitude Pogp Magnitude Pagp Magnitude Page Magnitude Page
1.6 Consumptive use (evaporative losses)
1.5.1 People
1.6.2 Property
1.7 Plant construction (including esie preparation)
1.7.1 Water qualit
y. physical
1.7.2 Watr quality, chemical
18 Other Impacts
1,9 Combined or interacthe effects
1.10 Not effects
2. Groundwater
2.1 Rl*lglalowring of ground water levels
2.1.1 People
% 2.1.2 Plants
2.2 Chemical contamination of ground water (excluding salt)
2.2.1 People
2.2.2 Plants
2.3 Radionuclide contamination of ground water
2.3.1 People
2.3.2 Plants and animals
2.4 Other impects on ground woe
3. Air
3.1 Fogging and icinglcaused by evaporation and drift)
3.1.1 Ground transportation
3.1.2 Air transportation
3.1.3 Waewr transportation
COST DESCRIPTION-ALTERNATIVE COOLING SYSTEMS (Continued)
ALTERNATIVES
A B C D
___________ I * I I
UNITS Magnitude Page Magnitude Page Magnitude Page Magnitude Page ENVIRONMENTAL. COSTS
ENIOMNA
COSTS__________ -
3.1.4 Plants
3.2 Chamical discharge to ambient air
3.2.1 Air quality, chemical
3.2.2 Air quality, odor
3.3 Radlonuclides discharged to amtbent air and direct radiation from radioactive materials (in-plant or being transported)
3.3.1 People, external
3.3.2 People, Ingestion
3.3.3 Plants and animals
3.4 Other impacts on air
4. Land
4.1 Site selection
4.1.1 Land, amount oA
4.2 Construction activities (including site preparation)
4.2.1 People (amenities)
4.2.2 People (accessibility of historical sites)
4.2.3 People (accessibility of archeological site,)
4.2.5 Land (erosion)
4.3 Plant operation
4.3.1 People (amenities)
4.3.2 People (asthetics)
4.3.3 Wildlife
4.3.4 Land, flood control
4.4 Salts discharged from cooling towers
4.4.1 People
4.4.2 Plants and animals
COST DESCRIPTION-ALTERNATIVE COOLING SYSTEMS (Continued)
ALTERNATIVES
A 1 C 0
ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS UNITS Magnitude Page Magnitude Page Magnitude Page Magnitude Page
4.4.3 Property resources
4.5 Not applicable
4.6 Not applicable
4.7 Not applicable
428 Other land Impacts
4.9 Combined or interactive effects
4.10 Net effects UI
-.J
I
COST DESCRIPTION-ALTERNATIVE COOLING INTAKE SYSTEMS
ALTERNATIVES A B C D
INCREMENTAL GENERATING COST 'Present Worth Annualized CAPACITY FACTOR
ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS UNITS I Magnitude Page Magnitude Page Magnltude Page Magnitude Page
1. Natural Surface Water Body
1.1 Impingement or enrtenpment by cooling water Intake sructure
1.1.1 Fish
1.2 Passage through or retention in cooling systems
1.2.1 Phytoplenkton and zooplankton
1.22 Fish
1.3 Discharge area and thermal plume
1.3.1 Water quality, excess heat
1.3.2 Water quality, oxygen availability
1.3.3 Aquatic urganisms td'
0o 1.3A Wildlife (including birds, aquatic and amphibious mammals, and reptiles)
1.3.5 Fish, migratory
1.4 Chemical effluents
1.4.1 Water quality, chemical
1.4.2 Aquatic organisms
1.4.3 Wildlife (including birds, aquatic and amphibious mammals, and reptiles)
1.4.4 People
1.5 Not applicable
1.6 Consumptive use (evaporative losses)
1.6.1 People
1.6.2 Property
1.7 Plant construction (including site preparation
1.7.1 Water quality, physical
W w__ W
COST DESCRIPTION-ALTERNATIVE COOLING INTAKE SYSTEMS (Continued)
ALTERNATIVES
A _ _B. 1___ 1 C I__ D _
ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS UNITS Magnitude Page Magnitude Page Magnitude Page Magnitude Page I J. 4. & 4 I 4
1.7.2 Water qualit
y. chemical
1.8 Other impacts
1.9 Combined or interactive effects
1.10 Net effects
2. Ground Water
2.1 Ralsing/lowering of ground water levels
2.1.1 People
2.1.2 Plants
2.2 Chemical contamination of ground water (excluding salt)
2.2.1 People
2.2.2 Plants
2.3 Not applicable
2.4 Other impacts on ground water
3. Air
3.1 Fogging and Icing (caused by evaporation and drift)
3.1.1 Ground transoortation
3.1.2 Air transportation
3.1.3 Water transportation
3.1.4 Plants
3.2 Chemical discharge to ambient air
3.2.1 Air quality, chemical
3.2.2 Air quality, odor
3.4 Other impacts on air
COST DESCRIPTION-ALTERNATIVE COOLING INTAKE SYSTEMS (Continued)
ALTERNATIVES
A B C 0
ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS UNITS Magnitude Page Magnitude Page Magnitude Page Magnitude Page
4. Land
4.1 Site selection
4.1.1 Landamount
4.2 Construction activities (including site preparation)
4.2.1 People (amenities)
4.2.2 People (accessibility of historical sites)
4.2.3 People (accessibility of archeological sites)
4.2.4 Wildlife
4.2.5 Land (erosion)
4.3 Plant operation
4.3.1 People (smenities)
a', 4.3.2 People (eesthb.,:s)
4.3.3 Wildlife
4.3.4 Land, flood control
4.4 Salts discharged from cooling towers
4.4.1 People
4.4.2 Plants and animals
4.5 Not eplicable
4.6 Not applicable
4.7 Not applicable
4.2 Other land impacts
4.9 Combined or interactive effects
4.10 Net effects
COST DESCRIPTION-ALTERNATIVE COOLING DISCHARGE SYSTEM
ALTERNATIVES A B C D
INCREMENTAL GENERATING COST
Present Worth Annualized CAPACITY FACTOR
ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS UNITS Magnitude Page Pag Magnitude Page Magnitude Page
1. Natural Surface Water Body
1.1 Impingement or entrament by cooling woter intake structure
1.1.1 Fish
1.2 Passage through or retention in cooling systenm
1.2.1 Phytoplankton and zooplankton
1.2.2 Fish
1.3 Discharge was and thermal plume
1.3.1 Water quality, exam heat
1.3.2 VWter quality, oxygen availability
1.3.3 Aquatic organium
1.3.4 Wildlife (induding birds, aquatic and asaphiblous nmrmals, and reptiles$
1.3.5 Fish, migratory
1.4 Chermical effluents
1.4.1 Water quality, chemical
1.4.2 Aquatic organisms
1.4.3 Wildlife lincluding birds, aquatic and amphibious mammals, and reptiles)
1.4.4 People
1.5 Not applicable
1.6 Consumptive use (evaporative lossesi
1.6.1 People
1.6.2 Property
1.7 Plant construction (including site -
preparation
1.7.1 Water quality, physical
COST DESCRIPTION-ALTERNATIVE COOLING DISCHARGE SYSTEM (Continued)
ALTERNATIVES
A T.. _ _c _ _ D
Mnonitude Pn t*,en~t,,Rk Pm ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS UNITS Magnitude Page Magnitude Page
_____ -- I - 4 Magnitude -wI it o
1.7.2 Water quality, chemical
19 Other impacts
1.9 Combined or intaractrw affects
1.10 Nut effects
2. Ground Water
2.1 Raising/iowering of ground water kosy
2.1.1 People
2.1.2 Plants
2.2 Chemical cntamination of ground water lexcdudng salt)
2.2.1 People t.J 2.2.2 Plants
2.3 Not appicable
2.4 Other inpects on ground vat
3. Air
3.1 Fogging and Icing (caused by evaporation and drift)
3.1.1 Ground transportation
3.1.2 Air transportation
3.1.3 Water transportation
3.1.4 Plants
3.2 Chemical discharge to mbiaent air
3.2.1 Air quality, clemijcl
3.2.2 Air quality, odor
3A Other Impacts on air
COST DESCRIPTION-ALTERNATIVE COOLING DISCHARGE SYSTEM (Continued)
ALTERNATIVES
A B C D
ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS UNITS Magnitude Page Magnitude Page Magnitude Page Magnitude Page
4. Land
4.1 Site selection
4.1.1 Land, amount
4.2 Construction activities (including site preparation)
4.2.1 People (amenities)
4.2.2 People (accessibility of historical sites)
4.2.3 People leccessibility of archeological site%)
4.2.4 Wildlife
4.2.5 Land (erosion)
4.3 Plant operation
4.3.1 People (amenities)
Cs W 4.3.2 People (aesthetics)
4.3.3 Wildlife
4.3.4 Land, flood control
4.4 Salts disdtuai from oooling towers
4.4.1 People
4.4.2 Plants and animals
4.5 Not applicable
4.6 Not applicable
4.7 Nc: applicable
4.8 Other land impacts
4.9 Combined or interactive effects
'..,0 Net effects
COST DESCRIPTION-ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL SYSTEMS
ALTERNATIVES A 6 C D
Present Worth INCREMENTAL GENERATING COST Pres CAPACITY FACTOR
ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS UNITS Magnitude Page Magnitude Pger Magnitude 1 P-ge Magnitude P*
CHEMICAL SPECIES DISCHARGED (LIST
BELOW) (indicate concentrations at point of discharge)
1. Natural Surface Water Body
1.1 Impingement or entrapment by cooling water intake structure
1.1.1 Fish
1.2 Passage through or retention in cooling systems
1.2.1 Phytoplankton and zooplankton
1,2.2 Fish
1.3 Discharge area and thermal plume
1.3.1 Water quality, excess heat
1.3.2 Water quality, oxygen availability
1.3.3 Aquatic organisms
1.3.4 Wildlife (including birds, aquatic and amphibious mammals, and reptiles)
1.3.5 Fis
h. migratory
1.4 Chemical effluents
1.4.1 Water quality, chemical
1.4.2 Aquatic organisms
COST DESCRIPTION-ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL SYSTEMS (continued)
ALTERNATIVES
A B3 I C jI 0D
ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS UNITS Magnitude Page Magnitude Page Magnitude Page Magnitude Page
1.4.3 Wildlife (including birds, aquatic and amphibious mammals, and reptiles)
1.4A4 People
1.6 Consumptive use (evaporative losses)
1.6.1 People
1.6.2 Property
1.7 Plant construction (including site preparation)
1.7.1 Water quality, physical
1.7.2 Water quality, chemical
1.8 Other impacts
1.9 Combined or interactive effects
1.10 Net elfects Ln
2. Ground Water
2.1 Raising/lowering of ground water levels
2.1.1 People
2.1.2 Plants
2.2 Chemical contamination of ground water (excluding salt)
2.2.1 People
2.2.2 Plants
2.3 Not applicable
2.4 Other impacts on ground water
3. Air
3.1 Fogging and icing (caused by evaporation and drift)
3.1.1 Ground transportation
3.1.2 Air transportation
COST DESCRIPTION-ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL SYSTEMS (Continued)
ALTERNATIVES
A _ I _ B C I 0
D
ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS UNITS Magnitude Page Magnitude Page M*anitud** P*D IUl*n; e, irtn P*n*
- - Mantd P e'__ 1 n+ud _ e
3.1.3 Water transportation
3.1.4 Planis
3.2 Chemical discharge to ambient air
3.2.1 Air quality, chemical
3.2.2 Air qualit
y. odor
3.3 Not applicable
3.4 Other impacts on air
4. Land
4.1 Site selection
4.1.1 Land, amount
4.2 Construction activities (including site preparation)
4.2.1 People (amenities)
4.2.2 People (accessibility of historical sites)
4.2.3 People (accessibility of archeological sites)
4.2.4 Wildlife
4.2.5 Land (erosion)
4.3 Plant operation (including site preparation)
4.3.1 People (amenities)
4.3.2 People (aesthetics)
4.3.3 Wildlife
4.3.4 Land, flood control
4.4 Salts discharged from cooling towers
4.4.1 People
4.4.2 Plants and animals
4.4.3 Property resources
COST DESCRIPTION-ALTERNATIVE CHEMICAL SYSTEMS (Continued)
ALTERNATIVES
A B C D
ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS UNITS Magnitude Page Magnitude Page Magnitude Page Magnitude Page
4.8 Other land Impacts
4.9 Combined or interactive effects
4.10 Net effects
COST DESCRIPTION-ALTERNATIVE BIOCIDE SYSTEMS
ALTERNATIVES A 8 C D
Present Worth INCREMENTAL GENERATING COST
.Annualized CAPACITY FACTOR
ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS UNITS Magnitude Page Magnitude Page Magnitude Page Magnitude Page CHEMICAL SPECIES DISCHARGED ILIST
BELOW) (indlcate conmntrations at point of dschagme)
1. Natural Surface Water Body
1.1 Inpingement or entrapment by cooling vow Intake suructure
1.1.1 FIsh
00
1.2 Passage through or retention in cooling Systems
1.2.1 Phytoplankton and zooplankton
1.2.2 Fish
1.3 DIscharge area and thernml plume
1.3.1 Water quality, exces heat
1.3.2 Water quality, oxygen availability
1.3.3 Aquatic organisms
1.3.4 Wildlife lincluding birds, aquatic and amphibious mammals, and reptiles)
1.3.5 Fish, migratory
1.4 Chemical effluents
1.4.1 Water quality, chemical
1.4.2 Aquatic organisms
4w COST DESCRIPTION-ALTERNATIVE BIOCIDE SYSTEMS (Continued)
ALTERNATIVES
A 1 8 1 C I D
ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS UNITS Magnitude Page Magnitude Page Magnitude Page Magnitude Page
1.4.3 Wildlife (including birds, aquatic and amphibious mezrunalso and reptiles)
1.4A People
1.6 Consumptiv use (evaporative losse)
1.6.1 People
1.62 Pirp*Wsty
1.7 Plant conainction (including site preparation)
1.7.1 Water quality, physical
1.7.2 Watw quality, dchmlcal
1.8 Other impacts
1.9 Combined or Intoac*iv effects
1.10 Net effects
2. Ground Water
2.1 RaisinglowJering of ground watr levls
2.1:1 People
2.1.2 Plants
2.2 Chemical contamination of ground water (excluding walt)
2.2.1 People
2.2.2 Plants
2.3 Not appllcable
2A Other impacts on ground watr
3I Air
3.1 Fogging and Icing (caused by evaporation and drift)
3.1.1 Ground transportation
3.1.2 Air transportation
COST DESCRIPTION-ALTERNATIVE BIOCIDE SYSTEMS (Continued)
ALTERNATIVES
A e C D
ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS UNITS Magnitude Page Magnitude Page Magnitude Page Magnitude Page
3.1,3 Water transportation
3.1.4 Plants
3.2 Chemical discharge to ambient air
3.2.1 Air quality, chemical
3.2.2 Air quality, odor
3.3 Not applicable
3.4 Other Impacts on air
4. Land
4.1 Site selection
4.1.1 Lan
d. amount
4.2 Construction activities (Including site
4.2.1 People (emenities)
4.2.2 People (aaceubillty of historical sit")
4.2.3 People (accessibility of archeological sites)
4.2.4 Wildlife
4.2h5 Land (erosion)
4.3 Plant opration (Including site preparation)
4.3.1 People (emenities)
4.3.2 People (aesthetics)
4.3.3 Wildlife
4.3.4 Land, flood m-ntvo
4.4 Salts discharged from cooling towers
4.4.1 People
4.4.2 Plants and animals
4.4.3 Property resources
COST DESCRIPTION-ALTERNATIVE BIOCIDE SYSTEMS (Continued)
ALTERNATIVES
A B C D
ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS UNITS Magnitude Page Magnitude Page Magnitude Page Magnitude Page
4.8 Other land impacts
4.9 Combined or interactive effects
4.10 Net effects
-.J
COST DESCRIPTION-ALTERNATIVE SANITARY WASTE SYSTEM
ALTERNATIVES A 8 C 0
Present Worth INCREMENTAL GENERATING COST
Annualized CAPACITY FACTOR
ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS UNITS Magnitude Page Magnitude Page Magnitude j Page Magnitude I Page CHEMICAL SPECIES DISCHARGED (LIST
BELOW) (indicate concentrations at point of discharg)
1. Natural Surface Water Body
1.1 Inipingement or entrapinent by cooling
~vater intake structure
1.1.1 Fish
1.2 Passage through or retention in cooling systerM
1.2.1 Phytoplankton and zooplankton
1.2.2 Fish
1.3 Discharve area and thermal plume
1.3.1 Water qualit
y. excess heat
1.3.2 Water quality, oxygen availability
1.3,3 Aquatic organiuss
1.34 Wildlife (including birds. aquatic and amphibious mammals, and reptiles)
1.3.5 Fis
h. migratory
1.4 Chemical effluents
1.4.1 Water quality, chemical
1.4,2 Aquatic organisms
COST DESCRIPTION-ALTERNATIVE SANITARY WASTE SYSTEM (Continued)
ALTERNATIVES
A B C D
ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS UNITS Magnitude Page Magnitude Page Magnitude Page Magnitude Page
1.4.3 Wildlife (including birds, aquatic and amphibious mammals. and reptiles)
1.4.4 People
1.6 Consumptive use (evaporative losses)
1.6.1 People
1.6.2 Property
1.7 Plant construction (including site preparation)
1.7.1 Water quality, physical
1.7.2 Water qualit
y. chemical
1.8 Other impacts
1.9 Combined or interactive effects
1.10 Net effects
2. Ground Water
2.1 Raising/lowering of ground water levels
2.1:1 People
2.1.2 Plants
2.2 Chemical contamination of ground water (excluding salt)
2.2 1 People
2.2.2 Plants
2.3 Not applicable
2.4 Other impacts on ground water
3. Air
3.1 Fogging and icing (caused by evaporation and drift)
3.1.1 Ground transportation
3.1.2 Air transportation
COST DESCRIPTION-ALTERNATIVE SANITARY WASTE SYSTEM (Continued)
ALTERNATIVES
A ____ j C ___ 0 __D
ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS UNITS Magnitude Page Magnitude Page Magnitude Page Magnitude Page
3.1.3 .Water transportation
3.1.4 Plants
3.2 Chemical discuarge to ambient air
3.2.1 Air quality, chemical
3.2.2 Air quality, odor
3.3 Not applicable
3.4 Other impacts on air
4. Lad
4.1 Site selection
4.1.1 Land, amount
4.2 Construction activities (including site prep*ration)
4.2.1 Pe:op (amenities)
4.2.2 People (acasaubility of historical sites)
4.2.3 People (accessiblllty of archeological sites)
4.2.4 Wildlife
4.2.5 Land (erosion)
4.3 Plant operation lincluding site preparation)
4.3.1 People (amenities)
4.3.2 People (aesthetics)
4.3.3 Wildlife
4.3.4 Land, flood control
4.4 Salts discharged from cooling towers
4.4.1 People
4.4.2 Plants and animals
4A.3 Property resources
COST DESCRIPTION-ALTERNATIVE SANITARY WASTE SYSTEM (Continued)
ALTERNATIVES
A B C D
ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS UNITS Magnitude Page Magnitude Page Magnitude Page Magnitude Page
4.8 Other land impacts
4.9 Combined or interactive effects
4.10 Net eftectm
COST DESCRIPTION-ALTERNATIVE GASEOUS RADWASTE SYSTEMS
ALTERNATIVES A B C o Present Worth INCREMENTAL GENERATING COST
Annualized CAPACITY FACTOR
UNITS Magnitude Paegnitude - Magnitude Page ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS
5 1" i S .4 .4 .5
5 RADIONUCLIDES EMITTED (List on separate sheet for each alternative)
1. Natural Surface Water Body
1.5 Radionuclides Discharged to Water Body
1.5.1 Aquatic Organisms
1.5.2 People, external
1.5.3 People, ingestion
1,8 Other Impacts
1.9 Combined or interactive effects
1.10 Net effects
2. Ground Water
2.3 Radionuclide ontemination of ground water C' 2.3.1 People
2.3:2 Plants and animals
2.4 Other impacts on ground water
3. Air
3.3 Radionuclides discharged to ambient air
3.3.1 Peopl
e. external
3.3.2 People, ingestion
3.3.3 Plants and animals
3.4 Other impacts on air
4. Land
4.8 Other land impacts
4.9 Combined or interactive effects
4.10 Net effects
COST DESCRIPTION-ALTERNATIVE LIQUID RADWASTE SYSTEMS
ALTERNATIVES A B C
INCREMENTAL GENERATING COST
Present Worth 1
- _
Annualized CAPACITY FACTOR
ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS UNITS Magnitude Page Magnizude = Page Magnitude Page Magnitude Page RADIONUCLIDES EMrT'ED (List onseparate sheet for each alternative)
1. Natural Surface Water Body
1.5 Radionuclides Discharged to Water Body
1.5.1 Aquatic Organisms
1.5.2 People, external
1.5.3 Peopl
e. ingestion
1.8 Other impacts
1.9 Combined or interactive effects
1.10 Net effects
2. Ground Water
2.3 Radionuclide contamination of ground
-4 water
2.3.1 People
2.3.2 Plants and animals
2.4 Other impacts on ground water
3. Air
3.3 Radionuclides discharged to ambient air
3.3.1 Peopl
e. external
3.3.2 Peopl
e. ingestion
3.3.3 Plants and animals
3.4 Other impacts on air
4. Land
4 8 Other land impacts
4.9 Combined or interactive effects
4.10 Net effects
COST DESCRIPTION-ALTERNATIVE TRANSMISSION ROUTES
ALTERNATIVES A B C D
Present Worth INCREM61ENTAL GENERATING COST Annualized CAPACITY FACTOR
ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS. UNITS Magnilude Pge Magnitude P9e Magnitude I Page Magnitude POW
1. Land Use (R;xnk alternative routes in terms of amount of conflict with present and planned land usel
2. Property Values (Rank alternative rou.es in terms of total loss in property values)
3. Multiple Use (Rank alternative routes in terms of envisioned multiple use of land preempted by rights-of- way)
4. Length of rew rights-o
f. way required
-J
5. Number end length.0f new access and service roads required
6. Number of major road crossings in vicinity of intersection or interchanges
7. Number of major waterway crossings
8. Number of crest, ridge, or other high point crossings
9. Number of -long views" or tran*.tission lines perpendicular to highways and waterways
10. Length of above transmission line in or through the following visually sensitive areas
10.1 Natural water body shoreline
10.2 Marshland
10.3 Wildlife refuges
10.4 Parks M
COST DESCRIPTION-ALTERNATIVE TRANSMISSION ROUTES (Continued)
ALTERNATIVES
A B C D
ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS UNITS Magnitude Page Magnitude Page Magnitude Page Magnitude Page
10.5 National and state monuments
10.6 Scenic areas
10.7 Recreation areas
10.8 Historic areas
10.9 Residential areas
10.10 National forests and/or heavily timbered areas
10.11 Shelter belts
10.12 Steep slopes
10.13 Wilderness areas
10.14 [Other sensitive or critical areas, specify)
10.15
10.16
-- .
10.17
10.18
10.19
10.20
10.21 Total length through sensitive areas (sum 10.1-10.20)
10.22 Total net length through sensitive areas (sum 10.1-10.20 eliminate duplication)
COST DESCRIPTION-ALTERNATIVE SYSTEMS
ALTERNATIVES A a C D
Present Worth INCREMENTAL GENERATING COST
Annualized CAPACITY FACTOR
ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS UNITS Magnitude Page Magnitude tude P age Magnitude Page
1. Natural Surface Water Body
1.1 Impingement or entrapment by cooling water intake structure
1.1.1 Fish
1.2 Passage through or retention in cooling systems
1.2.1 Phytoplankton and zooplankton
1.2.2 Fish
1.3 Discharge area and thermal plume
1.3.1 Water qualit
y. excess heat
1.3.2 Water quality. oxygen availability cc
0 1.3.3 Aquatic organisms
1.3.4 Wildlife (including birds, aquatic and amphibious mammals, and reptiles)
1.3.5 Fish, migratory
1.4 Chemical effluents
1.4.1 Water quality, chemical
1.4.2 Aquatic organisms
1.4.3 Wildlife (including birds, aquatic and amphibious rnannals, and repitles)
1.4.4 People
1.5 Radionuclides discharged to water body
1.5.1 Aquaticorganisus
1.5.2 People, external
1.5.3 People, ingestion
1.6 Consumptive use (evaporative losses)
1.6.1 People
1.6.2 Property
COST DESCRIPTION-ALTERNATIVE SYSTEMS (Continued)
ALTERNATIVES
A B _____ ________ ____ _______ D ___
ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS UNITS Magnitude Page Magnitude Page Magnitude Pa
g. Magnitude Page
1.7 Plant construction (including site preparation)
1.7.1 Water quality, physical
1.7.2 Water qualit
y. chemical
1.8 Other impacts
1.9 Combined or interactive effects
1.10 Net effects
2. Ground Water
2.1 Ralsing/iowerlng of ground water levels
2.1.1 People
2.1.2 Plants
2.2 Chemical contamination of ground water
00 (including salt)
2.2.1 People
2.2.2 Plants
2.3 Radionuclide contamination of ground water
2.3.1 People
2.3.2 Plants and animals
2.4 Other impacts on ground water
3. Air
3.1 Fogging and icing (caused by evaporation and drift)
3.1.1 Ground transportation
3.1.2 Air transportation
3.1.3 Water transportation
3.1.4 Plants
3.2 Chemical discharge to ambient air
3.2.1 Air quality, chemical
COST DESCRIPTION-ALTERNATIVE SYSTEMS (Continued)
ALTERNATIVES
A B C D
ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS UNITS Magnitude Page Magnilude Page Magnitude Page Magnitude Page
3.3.2 Air quality, odor
3.3 Radlonuclides discharged to ambient air and direct radiation from radioactive materials (in-plant or being transported)
3.3.1 Peopl
e. external
3.3.2 People, ingestion
3.3.3 Plants and animals
3.4 Other Impacts on air
4. Land
4.1 Site selection
4.1.1 Land, amount
4.2 Construction activities (including site preparation)
4.2.1 People (amenities)
00 4.2.2 People (accoesibility of historical site)
4.2.3 People (accessibility of archeological sites)
4.2.4 Wildlife
4.2.5 Land (erosion)
4.3 Plant operation
4.3.1 People (amenities)
4.3.2 People (aesthetics)
4.3.3 Wildlife
4.3.4 Lan
d. flood control
4.4 Salts discharged from cooling towers
4.4.1 People
4.4.2 Plants and animals
4.4.3 Property resources
COST DESCRIPTION-ALTERNATIVE SYSTEMS (Continued)
ALTERNATIVES
A B C D
ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS UNITS Magnitude Page Magnitude Page Magnitude Page Magnitude Page
4.5 Transmission route selection
4.5.1 Land, amount
4.5.2 Land use and land value
4.5.3 People (aesthetics)
4.6 Transmission facilities construction
4.6.1 Land adjacent to right-of-way
4.6.2 Land, erosion
4.6.3 Wildlife
4.7. Transmission tine operation
4.7.1 Land use
4.7.2 Wildlife
4.8 Other lend impects
4.9 Combined or interactive effects
4.10 Net effects
Appendix 1. Appendix D of 10 CFR Part 50
be considered which wouinld affect the l)ai- exteliL practicable. ilatlitify tie various ra;c- Title I1O-ATOMIC ENERGY IiileJis.
i: Of vale
4. NEPA review, and apprmpriate action trur.Li cun'itlderd. 'I'0 the extent that Such factors cinlsot be lturuiut1lied. they siall bo disc tlisiu.d inrqu:illtaIt ve iternm. Ilie E.:nviron- Chapter k-Atomic Energy after such revlew. fur cotnstructlitU pieriLts issued prior to Januiary I. 1070, iln cases nmental rt,'po-t shouild contali usllicileit duta Commission where anittratinlig liecnuse htis not its yet to alti thie t*'nnmiL- lual lio Ii* developmtlenit iof been iissued. The coort's opluion lso sutstcs uit I tidepentieiet cost-beinelt anuly',l-j cover- PART 50-LICENSING OF PRODUC- thatO. in order that this review be us circe- LugL tile farLoii s5peclifd Lit tlhis p.uragrapuh.
TION AND UTILZATION FACILITIES tlie 1its possibile. the COltIInKioIu rhittild con- *1. ih- lEnivironmenhtal Report requtired by
!;Ider the reii*ilrniiettt of it telloritriy hialt partgr.tagah i li ll Incliide aI Let'su.iui of Implementation of the National InI conirtrtic tiol peldidln1f Ithi review nlid tihe 0h1 IsLtllt L Of Coill pl a *ie of til e fiLtlit)' with Environmental-flicy Act of 1969 batikiittilig of lechinological iiiitVlition.i. alipillc tlch eivirolsohctlinl t
u. litky italtitdrdS
iand requilremenlt :;lli lri;(,dir.i ' but otl 1iIIlilte'd As Sitirnnuilry hal-k ru*ti td, the Niutlollitl En- virniniental Policy Art of 19`9 i'unblic Law tU). thcrniiti unid ot, her water q lla li' .titnt Ui'ds
91. 190) became effectii'e oil JaiLtuury 1. prwirniillarc'ti inderFederatl Witter lol- t c Lite
11,70. The Commitsion published on April 2. htitihll Coirlrol Act) whlicih have been Irniptied
1970. in Its initial Iniplementutitol of thel by Fedrtral. Stlae. tutid rloIIiiil aRg-iicles huav- Act, an Appendix D to Part 50 stailiig geU- lng re.uponsibility fur envirwitcnmeilil priitec- eral Coinnillsloti p.'licy and procedure fur ex- thlia. il addihtitn. the en'vi rotinenital Inipact ercisinul AEC responsibiiltles inder the Act Of the facillty *hall be fuilly dlicusced with respect tx, .uilttcrs covered by such ntatndards Ii its licensinr proceedinirs (35 F.R. 546i3).
Substantial ainendments to Appendilx D uLid reqltirewenis irrep4,vctivo of wiethlier a certitlelation, frotni the appropriato authority were publLshed on December 4. 1970 135 P.R.
has been obUlined (Iniclding. but not Imi- lR4ri9ti. and further minor amendmentts on lt*-l t1. any cerillr.ation obtained puruiant.
k)/*lr:*P
cq, l i971, .l July 7, 1071 (30 F.R. 127311.
to ts<ctIon 21Wib of the Federal Water Vol- The amenidments to Appendix D isSetid ltlion Control Act '). Such dizacusion hall herewith have been adopted by the Com- be reliected In the csut-beiucflt analysis pre- J- -lucr, , /Ii. ) nli.ýq1oil to make interim changes in Its reg- serltxitd ti paragraph 3. Wille a*atLfactclon of ulations for implement atiloll of NEPA in
!.ectiorn'-I i..uc:- AEC licensilng proceedings in light of the AEC tanda.rdn and criterla pertaining to end loiohleal elff ctA will be necessary wo meiect Court of Appeals' decision. the ticeuwuig requirements of the Atomic A. Bcsic procedures. 1. Each applicant I for Energy Act. the ca,ýt-bcleeflt au'tlyiAs pro- a permit to constnict a nuclear power reac- scrib'*d In paragrph 3 shall, for the purposes tor. testing facility, or fuel repricesI-ing of t*e N'&tionul Elivironmenteal Policy Act, plant, or such other production or utiliza- con.sider the radiological effocta. together tion facility whosie constructloli or opera- with the therumal effects and the other on- tion may be determined by the ComnIssioni viroinietitnl elfects. of the Licllity.
to have a signilfCicat impact on the environ-
5. Fitch aiplicalnt for ai !I,-,.--I! "'T
rt'e A
nieait, shall submit with Ils application three production or utitleattioin fitcý:l" :i- i,' .b' e III
hundred (3001 copies. in the case of a nu- paragraph i. shall submit wlhh hn :,l)iica- clear power reactor. testing facility, or fuel tIon three hundred (300) copies. In tinc caso reprocessing plant. or two hundred (200) of a nuclear power reactor, testing furility, copies, In the ca-se of such other produc- or fuel reprocessing plant, or two hundred tion or uti'lization facility, of a separate doc- (2001 copies, In the case of any other pro- uiment, entitled "Applicant's Environmental duction or utilization facility described In Report-Constriction Permit Stage." which paragraph 1. of a separate document, to be di;cuIese the following environmental con- entitled "Applicant's Environmental Re- siderations: port-Operating License Stage." which APrzENtix D--lNTsrrM STATEMENT Or OE.?-
(a) The environmental impact of the discusses the same environmental considera- rRtrL4 POLICy AND PROCDURE: IMPLZMtNTA-
proposed action. tions described iU paragraphs 1-4. but only to TION O(F THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL
(b) Any adverse environmental effects the extent that they differ from those dis- POLICY ACT or 19630 .PclILIC LAW 91-100) which Cannot be avoided should the proposal cussed In the Applicant's Environmental INTRODUC'ION be Implemented, Report previously submitted In accordance (CI Alternatives to the proposed action, with paragraph 1. The "Applicant's Environ- On July 2.1. 1971, the U.S. Court of Appeals (d) The relationship between local short- mental Report--Operating License Stage- for tile District of Columbia Circuit rendered term uses of man's environment and the Its decision in Calvert Cliffs' Coordinating may Incorporate by reference any Informa- maintentace and enhancement of long-term tion contained In the Applicant's Environ- Committee. Inc., et ao. v. United States productivity, and Atomic Ensrgy CommLission. et al.. Nos, 24.839 mental Report previously submitted in (el Any Irreversible and irretrievable com- accordance with paragraph 1. With respect and 24,871. holding that Atomic Energy Com- mitments of resources which would be in- mlssion regulations for the Implementation to the operation of nuclear power reactors, volved in the propesed action should It be the applicant, unless otherwise required by of the National Environmental Policy Act of Implemented.
IU69 iNEPA) in AEC licensing proceedings the Commission, shall submit the "Appll-
2. The discu.eson of alternatives to the cant's Environmental Report--Operating
,did not comply In several specified respects proposed action in the Environmental Report with the dictates of that Act, and remanding License Stage" only In connection with the required by paragraph I shall be sufficiently first licensing action that would authorize the proceedings to the Commission for rule complete to aid the Commission In develop- making consistent with the court's opinion. full-power operation of the facility.' except ing and exploring. pursuant to section 102 that such report shall be submitted In con-.
The Court of Appeals' decision required. In (2) (D) of the National Environmental Policy summary, that the Commisslon's rules make nection with the conversion of a provisional Act. "appropriate alternatives I
- I in any operating license to a full-term license.
provision for the following: proposal which Involves unresolved conflicts I. Independent substantive review of en- 6. After receipt of any Applicant's Environ- concerning alternative uses of available vironmental matters in uncontested as well resources." mental Report. the Director of Regulation rau contested cases by presidinit Atomic Safety or his designee will cause to be published In snd Licensing Boards.
3. the EnvIronmental Report required by the F=CML, RsCtS'"xa a summary notice of
2. Consideration of NEPA environmental paragrmph I shall Include a cost-benefit analysis which considers and balances the the availability of the report, end the report lirues In connection with all nuclear power environmentai effects of the fac:1lity end will be placed In the AEC's Public Document reactor licensing actions which took place after January 1, 1970 (the effective date of the alternativcs available for reducing or Rooms at 1717 H Street ;crw., Washington.
N EPA). avoiding adveybo environmental effects, as DC. and In the vicinity of the proposed site.
3. Independent evaluation and balancing well.as the environmental, economic, tech- and will be made available to the public at of certain environmental factors, such as nilol and other benefits of the facility. The thermal effects, notwithstanding the fact cost-beneflt analysis shall, to the fullest that other Federal or State agencies have s No permit cc license wili. of course, be already certified that their own environ- 'Where the "applicant", as used in this Issued with respect to an actilvtty for which mental standards are satisfied by the pro- appendix, is a Federal agency, different ar- a certification required by section 21(b) of posed licensing action. In each individual rangements for Implementing the National the Federal Water Pollution Control Act has cas.e, the benefits of the licensing action Environmental Policy Act may be made, pur- not been obtained.
must be assessed and weighed against en- suant to the guidelines established by the 'This report Is In addition to the report vironmental costs; and alternatives must Council on Environmental Quality. required at the construction permit stage.
85
Appendix 1. Appendix D of 10 CFR Part 50 (Continued)
the appropriate State, regional, and metro- It will be presumed that the agency ur official On the basis of the foreil.oni ev :nl:*ttlI0n and I
politan clearinghouses.- In addition, a public has no comment to make. unlers a specific analyses, the detailed stalement .will incltide announcement of the avallability of the re- extes*lon of time has been requested. a conclusion by the Director of Reg:lkalion ,r port will be made. Any comments by inter- 7. In addition, upon preparation of a draft his designee ts to whether, after wei!:i~iu ested persons on the report will be considered detailed statement, the Commiateon will the envlronmnental, eConom11c', tech CCal a :I
ld by the Commission's regulatory staff, and cause to be published In the FiEL.iL nleels- other becwflis agalnst environmental costni there will be further opportunity for public Find considering avnitihble alternatives. the Tima summary notice of the avaU.ibility of comment in accordance with paragralpb 7. the Applicant's Environmental Report and action called for is isn.laoce or tillal tif the The Director of Regulation or hia designee the draft detailed statement, The summary proposed piermit or iIcettse or Its appr:'priate will analyze the report and prepare a draft notice to be published pursuant to this para- conditioning to protect etuviro::nmental vatlues.
detailed statement of environmental con- graph will request, within sventy-five (75) Detailed statements preparcl in ron:'e-.
siderations. The draft detailed statement will days or such longer period as the Commission tion With unl app~lication for nn operstilni:
contain an assessment of the matters speci- license will cover only envirn*me'*il:I rosi- may determine to be practicahle. comment fbed In paragraph 1: a preliminary cost- from interested persons on the propoeed Ilideratlots whIchR differ fromn. twrl: d.e Uie.d In the detal.led ;tatement prevlou.iy lrep'iar'td benefit analysis based on the factors specified action and on the draft statement. The sum- mary notice will als* Coutaln a statement to In con:necticon wllth the npplIcation for a con -
in paroagrph 3: and an analysis, pursuant to i::corl'wrrte by structliol permit land nu"y section 102(2) (D) of the National Environ- the effect that the comments of Federal mental Policy Act, of appropriate alternatives agencles and State and local officials thereon rfterence any Infurinaticon cnoltalinf- I tie to the proposed licensing acLion in any case will be available when received.' detailed statement prvvlounly prepared In connection with that applieatil:n for a co::-
which involves unresolved conflicts concern- 8. After receipt of the comments requested iog alternative uses of available resources structlon permit. Witt%respect to the opera- pursuant to paragraphs 6 and 7, the Director tion of nuclear power reactors It Is expetted (i.e., an analysis of alternatives which would of Regulation or his designee. will prepare that in most cases the detailed btatement will alter the environmental impact and the cost- a final detailed statement on the environ- benefit balance). The Commasston will then be prepared only In connection with the first mental considerations specified In paragraph transmlt a copy of the report and of the draft licensing action that authorlies full-power
1. Including a discustion of problems and ob- operation of the facility. except tlhat such detailed statement to such Federal agencies jections rais.d by Federal, State, and local a detailed statement will be prepared in coal- designated by the Council on Environmental agencies or officials and private organl*zations nection with the converaion of a provisional Quality as having "jurisdiction by law or and Individuals and the disposition thereof. operating license t-o a full-term license.
special expertise with respect to any envIron- The detailed statement will contain a final 9. The Commission will traltunit to tIle mental Impact involved" or as "authorized to cost-benefit analysis which considers and Council on Environmental Quality copies of develop and enforce environmental stand- balances the environmental effects of the (a) each Applicant's Envlronmental Report, ards" as the Commission determines are ap- facility and the alternatives available for re- (b) each draft detailed statement, (ci coin- propriate.- and to the Oovernor or appropri- ducing or avoiding adverse environmental ef- ments thereon received from Federal, State, ate State and local oficials, who are author- fects, as well as the environmental, economic. and local agencies and officials and private ized to develop and enforce environmental technical, and other benefits of the facility. organizations aind Individumas. and tid cadch standards, of any affected State. The trans- The cost-benefit analysis will, to the fullest detailed statement prepared pursuant to mittal will request comment on the report extent practicable, quantify the various fac- paragraph 8. Copies of such report, draft and the draft detailed statement within tors considered. lb the extent that such fac- atatements, comments and statements will forty-five (45) days in the case of Federal tors cannot be quantified, they will be dis- be made available to the public as providedt agencies and severnty-five (75) days in the cussed tn qualitative terms, In the case of in this appendix and as provided In 10 CFPt ease of State and local officials, or within any proposed licensing action that Involves Part 9 and will accompany the application such longer time as the Commission may unresolved conflicts concerning alternative through, and will be considered In, the Conm- deem appropriate. (In accordance with 1 2.101 uses of available resources, the Detailed mission's review processes. After each detailed I
(b) of Part 2. the Commission will also send Statement will contain an analysis, pursuant statement becomes available, a notice of Its a copy of the application to the Governor to section 102(2) (D) of the National Envi- availability will be published In the PFsrIssi.
or other appropriate official of the State in ronmental Policy Act, of alternatives to the Rxors'ra. and copies will be made available which the facility is to be located and will proposed licensing action which would alter to appropriate Federal. State and local agen- publish In the Fxiat. Itot'rrm a notice of the environmental impact and the coat- cles and State, regional, and metropolitan receipt of the application, stating the pur- benefit balance. Compliance of facility con- clearinghouses.- To the maximum extent pose of the application and specifying the structlon or operation with environmental practicable, no construction permit or operat- location at which the proposed activity will quality standards and requirements (Includ- ing lloenae in connection with which a de- be conducted.) Comments on an "Applicant's Ing. but not limited to. thermal and other tailed statement is required by paragraph 8 Environmental Report--Operating License water quality standards promulgated under will be issued until ninety (90) days after Stage" and on theidraft detailed statement the Federal Water Pollutuon Control Act)
the draft detailed statement so required ha&
prepared In connection therewith will be re- which have been imposed by Federal. State been circulated for comment, furnished to quested only as to environmental matters and regional agencies having responsibility the Counoi on Environmental Quality, and that differ from those previously considered for environmental protection will receive due made available to the public, and until thirty at the construction permit stage. If any such consideration. In addition, the environmental
(30) days after the final detailed statement Federal agency or State or local official falls Impact of the facility will be considered in therefor has been made available to the to provide the Commission with comments the coat-benefit analysis with respect to Council and the public. If the filial detailed within the time specified by the Commission. matters covered by such standards and re- statement is filed within ninety (901 dnyR
quirements. Irrespective of whether a certi.
after a draft statement has been circulated
'Such ctearinghouses have been etaob- fication from the appropriate authority has for comment, furnished to the Council and been obtained (including. but not limited to, lished pursuant to Office of Management and made available to the public, the thirty (30)
Budget Circular A-95 to provide Iliason and any certification obtained pursuant to sec- dsy period and ninety (O0) day perlod may coordination between Federal and State, tion 21(b) of the Federal Water Pollution run concurrently to the extent that they regional or local agencies with respect to Control Act'). While satisfaction of AEC overlap. In addition, to the maximum extent Federal programs. 'he documents will be standards and criteria pertaining to radlo- practlcable. the final detailed statement will logical effects will be necessary to meet the made available at appropriate State, regional be publicly ovailable at least thirty (30) days licensing requirements of the Atomic Energy and metropolitan cliaringhouses only with before the commencement of any related Act, the cost-benefit analysis will, for the respect to proceedings in which the draft evidentlary hearing that may be held.
purposes of the National Environmental detailed statement is circulated after 10. In a proceeding for the issuance of a Policy Act. consider the radiological effects, June 30, 1971. in accordance with the construction permit or an operating licen.se
"Guidelines on Statements on Proposed Fed. together with the thermal effects and the other environmental effect-. 'f the facility, for a production or utilization facility de- oral Actions Affecting the Environment"' of scribed In paragraph I In which a hearing is the Council on Environmental Quality (38 held, the Applicant's Environmental Report, P.R. 7724). $This paragraph applies only with respeot comments thereon, and the detailed state-
'Requests for comments on Environ- to proceedilng In which the draft detailed ment will he offered In evidence. Any party mental Reports and draft detailed statemente statement is circulated after June 30. 1971, in to the proceeding may take a position and from the Environmental Protection Agency accordance with the "Guidelines on State- offer evidence on environmental aspects of will include a request for comments with re- meats on Proposed Federal Actions Affecting spect to water quality aspects of the pro- the Eny"onment" of the Council on Environ- posed action for which a certification pursu- mental 'uallty (380 FJ. 7724). ' This statement lain addition to the state.
ant to section 21 (b) of the Federal Water 'No permit or license will, of course, be ment prepared at the construction permit Pollution Control Act has been issued, and Issued with respect to an activity for which stage.
with respect to aspects of the proposed action a certification required by section 21(b) of '10 CPR Part 0 Implements the Freedom to which section 309 of the Clean ALr Act Is the Federal Water Pollution Control Act has of Information Act, section 668 of title 6 of applicable. not been obtained, the United States Code.
86
Appendix 1. Appendix D of 10 CFR Part 50 (Continued)
14. The Coinirlssion hasm deteriuined Utat primary importanve under this criterion are the proposed licensing Action in accordance by the conduct of the the fUllowing activities subject t~l tsaterils the needs to be served with the provisions of Subpart 0 of 10 CFR Itcensing may Also signifieantly affect the actirlty; the availability of alternative
'tart2. sources. If any. to meet those needs on a quality of the environment: W (a) Licentses it. In a proceeding for the Issuance of It timely basts: and delay cc-.;ta tO the licensee for poss*ssioln and use of special nuclear ma- construction permit for a production or uti- and to consumerm.
described in paragraph 1, terial for processItlg and fuel fabrication.
lt?.ttoti facility scrap recovery rand conversion of uranium Aliv license so Wmsed will be without preJ-
and itn a proceeding for the Issuance of all hexaflucrlde; ibi licenses for possession and tldice to) sii.usequent licensing action which operating license in which a hearing is held Use of source material for trntiilun milling Inay be iNken by Use Comlmisslion with re- and maatters covered by this appendix are anird to the euvir*ninental aspects of the and Licensing and productiotl of uranium hexalluoride: and it Issue, the Atomic Safety activity. amnd any livense tamed will be cotl- (ci ilcensest authorlzing commercial radio.
Board will (a) determine whether the re- dtitined to Ihat efcu-i.
Active waste di.posal by laJnd burial. Appli- quirements of section 102(2) IC) and (D) B3. Procedures for rct'(ew of Cthlfaln It- Policy Act canhts for such l1cesnses tiall aubmlit two hlun- of the National Environmental dred 1200) copies of an Environmenttal Re- ocnise fo cowrtrut or operale productwon or and this appendix have been complied with por". which disctusses the environmenial con- utilizaifon facitiesand certain lice**e* for in the proceeding. (ti decide any matters InI siderations described in paragraphs I-4. Ex- rcnrcc matcrtial. speclo2 nuclear material and controversy among the parties, (c) deter- cept As tile context may otherwise require. byproduct material issued in the period inile. in uncontested proceedings. whether Jartuary 1, 1970-Septfcmb" 9. 1971.
procedures aind nieasures sinmilar to those the NEPA review conducted by the Comnis- I. All holders of (a) construe- described Il Seotions A. Bi. D. and E of this sinna regulatory staff hx., been adequate, and appendix will tie followed in proceedings for linn permt4i or operatine licenses for pro- (d) independentiy consider the final balance duetlon or utltl?'ttlon facilities of the type contailned In the the Issuance of such licenrtc. The procedures ntnung conflicting flactors described In sectlion A.1, (ib) licenses for ptn- and me1alures to be followed with respect tO
record of the proceeding for the permit or mIaterials licenses will, of course, reflect tile Aesslon aind use of Ypvclal nuclear material license with a view to determining the ap- fact that. utnlke the Ilicen.ing of productluli for process*lng and fuel fabrication, scrap propriate action to be taken. the lic*i.sing of relcovery slid conversion of uranilumn hexat- and utllLxUtlon facilIUes,.
The Atomic 9afety and Licensing Board. materials does not require separatw autlhorl- fluoride. {c) ilcenseA for pnssesston and iss*
on the brais of its eunelsusions on the above and operation. Ordi- of source mnateritl for uraniurm milling and the permit Zritlons for conrstructLion nmttcrs. shall determine whether production of uranium hexafluorlde. And Id)
narily, therefore, there will be only unr Ap- or license should be granted, denied, or ap- plicant,'s Elvirorntental Report requiredi and licetset"n authorizituur cotmiercial radioactive propriately conditioned to protect environ- only ane detailed statement prepared ii con- waste disposal by land burial. Issued durint mental valutes. The Atomic Safety and Li- nection wlt~h an application for a materlials the period Januarv I, 197I--
c-risng Board's initial decision will Include shall submit.
licensee. If a proposed subsequent licensiug Spti...wu;vt V1. 1971.,
findinl;s And conclusions which may aifirm action Involves environmental constderaUons ast soon aspossiible. but tin later than (d!xtv or modify the contents of the detailed state- which differ significantly from t.hose dig- (60) days aitet September 9. 1971.
nlent described in paragraph 8. To the ex- cussed In the Envirotinental Report filed and or such later date Ms may bo tent that findings and conclusions diffevrent the detailed statement prevlously prepared approved by the Cbmmls.sion upon good cauise the dectalled statement are from those li in connection with the original licensing shown. the appropriate number of copies of reached, the detailed statement shall be action, a supplementary detailed statement an Environmental Report as specified in sec- deemed modiliied to that extent and, as modi- will be prepared. In a proceeding for the Is- tiot A I-5.
fied. transmitted to the Council on Environ- anuanice of a materials license within the pur- If an Environmenttal Report had been nsth- ment,.I Quality and nmade available to the view of this paragraph where tile require- milted prior to the issuance of the permit pthllc pursuant to paragraph 0. 1V the Com- mcitz of paragraphs 1-9 have not as yet been or ltcenae. a supplement to that report. coer- mtsslon or the Atomic Safety and Licensing met. the activIty for which the license Is Ing the matters described in sectlon A 1 5 Appeal Board. In a decision on review of the sought may be authorized with appropriate to the extent not prevtounly covered. may be initial decision, reaches conclusions different limitUtIons. upon a showing that the conduct silbnsltted In lieu of a new Envirotmentai from the Atomic Safety and Licentsing Board of the activity. so limited, will not have a Report.
with respect to environmnental aspects. the adverse impact on the quality of detailed statement shall be deemed modified significant, 2. After receipt of Any Environmental Re- the environment. In addition, the Commis- port or ally x-upplement to An Environtmental to that e.tent and, as modified, transmitted SMon recogntiizes thalt there may be other cir- Report submitted pursuant to paragraph I
to the Council oil Eivironmeistat Quality cuto:ta~cc, where, conistent with appropri- and made available to tile public pursuant of this section, the procedures ret out nit ate reTgard for environmental values, the con- section A 6-9 will be. followed, except that tU parnu:ratph 9. duct of such acliviltes nsay be warranted dur-
12, The Atomic Safety and Licensing comnments will he reqetertd. and must ba Ing the period of the ongoing NEPA environ- Board, during tile course of the hearing on received, within thirty (30i days from Federal Accordingly. the activity for men'al revvew. agv*tcles. State And local officlals and Inter- An application fo*r a license to operate a pro- which the license Is sought may be autlbor- ested persons on Enironmetal Reports asid ductoien or utiliatlion facility deserbthed in Ied with appropriate limitations after con. draft detnaled statements. If no comments psratzraph 1, niny authorize, pursuant to sideratoin and balanctnt: of the factors are submitted within thirty (301 days by I 50.57(c). the loeding of nuclear futel in the Protidrd, howCrcr., That decritbed below: such agencles, offlclalan. or persons, it will be reactor core and limited operation within stch activity may not be authorized for a presumed that slich agencies, officials or per- the scope of 1 50 57 (c i. tpon compliance period In excess of four (4) months except described therein. sons have no comnments to make. The detailed with tile procedures upon specific prior approval of the Com- statement (or supplemental detailed 1tate- Where any party to the proceeding opposes; nilsslon. Such approval will be extended only neitit, As appropriate) ir,,pnred by the Direr- nueh attithirtzaitotn ott the bi6si.s of msatters for cs,0,wc cauise shown. tur of Ilegillation or his desIgntee pursuant to covered by thls appendix, the provisions of section A 8 mill. on thc basis of tile analyses FAC'TOR.S
parngraph It shall apply In regard to the and evalluations deieriried therein. Incluscie it Atmlc Safety and Licensin* Btlad'A deter- (a) ".hetiher It Is likely that tile act.ivlty conclusion by the Director of Regulation or nl tat.lonl of sulcl satters. Any 7lcetn.e so conducled during the provpectuve revlew his deslenee an to whether, after weighitn Is.itild will be without prejudice to nsobe- period will gIve rice to a signfilcant, adverse nad the envlronmental. ecotntMic. techniclc qtlent licensini: action which may be taken Impact on the environment: the nature and other benefit. alinaint environimental costs by tile Cmlmlssion with regard to the en- extent of such impact. if any. and whether nvailstle alternatives, the and coosisderiliR
vironmental asvpecta of the facility, and any redr.ss of ally such Adverse enuvirnnmentAl action called for is contituation, ruodificr- l leetse i:svud will he cnnld lltned to tIiat Impnet cats reaionlably he efitected should tion or terminatiotn of the pernilt or llcnise c:tct. modification or termination of the license re- or Its appropriate condltintiltg to protect
1M. The Comrnislont will incorporate In all stilt from the ongoltW NEPA environtsenttal environmental vatlnes.
CO ls:trocilon Iperntolts anid operating licenses review.
for production and utiiliutlous faclities de- lb)i Whether the Actlvlty conducted dur- 3. The Dtreotor of Rcg,,iation will, In the scribed in paragraph I. A condition, In addi- Ing the prospective review perio] would fore. ease of a oonstruction permit foe a nuclear tlon to Any conditions Imposed pursuant to power or test reaotor or a fuel ropceing cicve subsequent Adoption of altertlahvtes In a paragraph I1. to the effect that tile licensee the conduct of the acUvity of the type Utat plant, publish Itn the F-zmrAL REOIL*rt shall observe such standards and require- could result from the ongoing NEPA environ- notice of hearing, In accordafleewith I 2.103 rnentn for the protection of the environment menial review. of this rtapter, on NEPA onvironztientid nut are validly imposed pursuant to authority tIsues as defined itn sstion A.11. which hemr- (c) The effect of delay In the conduct of e.stahllshed under Federal and State law Of bIg notloo may be iscluded ns the nottce re- the activity upon the public Interest, antd as are determined by the Commli-son to quired by paragraph 2. With respect to anly ie applicable to Uie facility that is subject other permit or licerme for a facility of a type
1* Additional activities subject to materials to the lientlsling action Involved. This con- descrtbed In section A.l. the Director of ditios will not apply to radiological effects licensing may be determined to signilfcantly riaulatioon wUl publish a notice in the Fn- elect the quality of the environment and since radiological effects are dealt with in rRLt. .11GI1Th5. WuIcn5 nMsy be Ircluded In the other provislons of the'construction permit thus be suhject to the provisions of this para- graph. notice required by paragriph 2, providing and operating license.
X7
Appendix 1. Appendix D of 10 CFR Part 50 (Continued)
tMart. within thirty (30) days from the date (30) dlays from the date of Ito publication. Safety and Licensing Board may. upon natIs- of publication of the notice, the holder of any peewi-un wlhixe Interest may be taffcoted by faction of the requIrements of I1 .571cl.
the permit or license may Mle a roque"t for theo proceeding may. In accoraxrne with grant a motion, pursutant to that ec*il.on.
a hearing Mid any peram stmise Intereut may after consideration and balancing oil tile
1 2.714 of thWi chapter. file a petit*on fnr record of the factors deacrlbedl lic;ow: Pr.-
be alfocted by the proceeding may. in acord- leave to intervene and request a hear- Hidrd. Itowe'l cr. that operailon beyoud tuent:
alice With i 2.714 of this chapter, file a petl- bw. In any percent (20':,) or full power nu"y niut'be it:.
tion for leave to intervene and request a thorized cxcept upon :ipt-olic Ipr.ur upprrv;a.
hiearing. the provIsions of section A. 10 Ald it elarlig. In uny hearing heold puruiant to tjil will apply to the extent pertinent. Tlc Om. ol the C:*ilnntl:alon.
paragraph. the provislonsA of sectiont A.10 mIsrlon or the pre.,ldlng Atornic SILfly and and 1I will apply. The Comnmission Ce' the LIcensIng Boerd, ai appropriate. may pre.
ccrihe the time within which proceedingq, or (al Whether it Iz, Iktly hli;it liiltcd ;-,
presiding Atomic Safety and Llor-slng Boaed.
any portions thereof, conducted purstiait to eratIon d uringi the ptrr-p'ctive rev:cw ,r td..
aS ApwoprtatOe, mWaypruicrIbe the time wltt in will give rise ti it a ;ig*lMc.atit. iaJv,'r:A.- lIit*',t this paragraph will be conducted.
which prooeedings, or any portions thereof. 3. The review of environmental m;Ltters fin the nuv rou, line the o li ittir, ani e it,!t conducted puruant to th; parugraph wrlt be conducted in aoccrdanice with thlr. ,ectilon C ,,f sulch Itnipact, If any: and w.lhether redt!:.
conleted. will not be duplicated at the operating lihurnse of tny5 Lsuc is dversLe vovI ninnin stL1 I nln.sL
stage, abient view NIgnificant Informattioll can ;ea.5onably be effected should nlkpdilht.-
C. Procedures /or revicw of certain con- relevant to these maU, tion t'r termlination of the lIHnmted lhn:;e sirtctfon per"mits /or production or utilie*-a rn'siult, fromn the Mlngolng NEPA erievIroniiniii- O. Proreduires applicabile to pr put i;a he ar.
ion facilities issued prior to January 1. 1970. tl review.
for which operating licenses or notice of op- in.* or pyoceediag., to be rotniecd in the near (b) Whether limited operation duelrin: the future. I. In proceedings In which hearinr.:
portunity for hearing on the operating license prco-pectlve revIew period would fomcl-o.e are pending as of September 9, 1971, or Iln sub.bccluent avdop)tIon of alteruiiatt I
Opplicafitns have not been issued. I. Each ln I -
liolder of a permit to conrtruct a production which a draft or fial detailed statement of cility design or operatlinu of the type that or utlllTAstion facility of the type described envtronmental considerations prepared by could result from the ougolrrn NVI'IA envtroll- in section A.1 lrnfued prior to January 1. 1970. the Director of Regulation or hill dengnee mental review.
for which neither an operating license nor a has been circulated prior to said date :1 in the rave of all applicatiol] fur a coniLtruction (c) 'he effect of delay In flcrllty opera- notice of opportunity for hearing on the op- lion ilpioo the public Inter.-.t. O plrinLry i erating license application had been lssued permit, or its which a notice of opportunity Im-portance under this eriCeilon are the prior to October 31, 1971. shall wilhmit the for hearing on tht application has been issued prior to Octotber 31. 1971. In the case of an power neede to be ierved iy the acililty: the appropriate number of copies of an Environs- availability of altersuttlive iitrce e t. a**y. to mental report as specified in sections A.1-4 application for an operating license, the presiding Atomic Safety and Licensing Board meet thnee needs on a timely .tui; dtri of this appendix as soon as possible, but no delay costs to the lIcensec and to consuiml'r.i.
later than sixty (160) days after September 9, will. if the requirements of paragraphs 1-9 of soctIon A have not as yet be-en mot, pro- If any party, Including the staff. ,,poiimi
1971. or such later date as may be approved toed expeditlotus.ly with the w-pects of the the recluest, the provisions of 5 50.57 (ci will by the Commission upon good cause shown.
application related to the Comml*slon's apply with respect to) the re:-,Wtlouth- tfilhe It an environmental report had been sub- objections of such party and the makilig of mitted prior to September 0, 1971, a supple- licensing requirements under the Atomic Energy Act pending the submisalon of en- findings required by 1 50.57 c) afnd this puara- ment to that report. covering the matters vironmentWl .Veports and detailed str-tements graph. 'The Comlnision Air the pre:ilig described In sections A.1-4 to the extent not as specified In section A and compliance with Atoric S.Tfety and Licensing Board. A.vaplpIo.
previously covered. may be submitted In lieu other appltiable requirements of vection A. prtate, fav-y prescribe the tima within which of a new environmental report.
A supplement to the environmental report, the procecding, or any portion thereo
f. will
2. Upon reoeipt of an Envirornmental Re- covering the matters described in sections be completed. Any license so is'*sued will le port or supplemental EzvIronmental Report A.1-4 to the extent not previously covered. without prejudice to subaequent licerntg may be submitted in lieu of a new environ- action which may be taken by the Connini-q submitted pursuant to paragraph 1. the pro- cedures set out in section A. 0-9 will be mental report. Upon receipt of the supple- slon with regard to the envirolunmelrltl followed. except that comments will be re- mental environmental report, the procedures wspectA of the facility. and any licen-e issued quested, and must be received, within set out in sections A,6-9 will be followed. Will be conditioned to that effect.
thirty (30) days from Federal agencies. Slate except that comments will be requested, and 3. This paragraph applies tl proceeding!
and local oflict*Ls, and Interested persons on must be received, within thirty (30) days on an application for an operating licentie Environmental Reports and draft detailed from Federal agencies, State and local offi- for which a notice of opportunity for hear- etatements. If no comments are submitted cIals, and interested persons on .environ- ing was Issued prior to October 31, 1971. and within thirty (30) days by such agencIes, mental reports and draft detailed statk*snta. no hearing has been requested. In such pr.-
officials or perlsons it will be presumed that It no commenta are submitted within thirty ceedings an envlronmental report or a supple- such agencies, officials or persons have no (30) days by such agencies, officials, or per- ment to the envlIronmental report, covering oomment to make. The detailed statement sons, It will be presumed that such agencies, the matters descrlbed In actlons A.1-4 to (or supplemental detailed statement, as ap- offleials, or persons have no comment to the extent not previously covered, shall 1e prepriate) prepared by the Director of Reu- make. In any subsequent session of the hear- submitted. Upon receipt of the supplemental lation or his designee pursuant to section ing held on the matters covered by thin ap- environmental report, the procedures aet out A.8 will, on the basis of the analyses and pendix, the provisions of sections A.l0 and in sections A.6-9 will be followed, except evaluations described therein, include a con- It will apply to the extent pertinent. The that comments will be requested, and 1n0um clusion as to whether, after weighing the Commission or the presiding Atomic Itdoty be received, within thirty (30) days from environmental. economic, technical and other and Licensing Board, as appropriate, may Federal agencies, State and local offilelhi. and benefits against environmental coaste and prescribe the time within which the proceed- interested persons on environmental reports considering avrallable alternatives, the action ing, or any portion thereof, will be completed. and draft detailed statements. If no com- called for is the continuation, modification 2. In a proceeding for the Issuance of an ments are submitted within thirty (30) days or termination of the construction permit or operating license where the requirements of by such ageneles., efllals, or persons, It will its appropriate conditlonng to protect en- paragraphs 1-9 of section A have not as yet be presumed that such agencies, oifrlliht. or vironnental values. Upon preparation of the been met and the matter Is pending before persons have no comment to make.
detailed statement, the Director of Regulas- an Atomio Safety and Lcensing Board, the In additIon Wothe pert'innt pro- tion will publish in the FtzaAL s, Ricsri a applicant may make. pursuant to I 50.57(c), vlakuns off pJxignspbs 1-9 of amctton A. the notice, which may be included In the notice a motion in writing for the Issuance of a license authorizing the loeading of fuel in the provisiona of eectSWU Dq will be f101 required by section A.9. setting forth his, Or hbi deeignee's, conclusion as respects the reactor core and limited operation within the lowa,. If In such proceedinf,. the require- continuatlon, modification or termination scope of I 50.57(c). Upon a showing on the menta of paragraphs, 1-9 of ýectton A have of the construction permit or Its appropriate record that the proposed Ilceniang action not as yet been met, the Coinmisslon may ondIltioning tc protect " envlornmontal will not have a significant, adverse impact issue a license authoriAng tho loafdIng of values. 7be Direotor of Regulation will on the quality of the environment and upon fuei in the reactor core and limited operation satisfaction of the requirements of I 50.57(c). within the Scope of 150.57 (cl, upon a show- Also p"4ta in tie PWDMAL EZoasm a notiee, Ing that such licensing actlon will not have the presiding Atomic Safety and Licensing which ussy be included in the notice setting Board may grant the applicant's motion. In a Slgnificant. adverse Impact on tile quality foth his or his deasne' cooclsioc as re- addition, the Oommlsslon recognizes that of the environment And upon inaking the specta the *Oonuo.tiot, modtiJbatn or there may be other circumstances where, appropriate findings on the matters specified termlnation at the oosrctitm permit or its consistent with appropriate regard for envi- in 1 50.57(a). In addition, the Commi-sIon ronmental values, limited operation may be recogntres that there may be other circuin- A
eipproprIate condiUoning to protect environ- stances where, consistent with approprIate warranted during the period of the ongoing mantal values, providing that wMhin thirty NEPA environmental review. 'Such circum- regard for environmental values, limited stances Include testing and verification of operation may be warranted during the pe- plant performance and other limited actIvi. riod of the ongoing NEPA envlronmental re- ties where operation can be Justified without prejudice to the ends of environmental pro- tection. Accordingly, the presiding Atomio
88
Appendix 1. Appendix D of 10 CFR Part 50 (Continued)
view. Such circurnstances include testing (c) The effect of delay In facility con- and vertifIcation of plant performance and struction or operation upon the public In- other limited activities whoere operation can terest. Of prlnary Importance under this be Justified without prejudice to the ends of criterion are the power needs to be served environmental protection, Accordingly. thie by the facility: the availability of alterna- Commission may Issue a license for limited tire sources. If any, to meet thoe needs on
,peratlon after consideration and balancing a timely basis: and delay costs to the li- of the factors described in paragraph 2. of censee and to consumers.
this section and upon making the appro- priate findlngs on the matters specified in 3. Each holder of a permit or license sub-
1 50.57(a); Provided, however. That opera- ject to paragraph I at this section E shall tion beyond twenty percent (20%.) of full turnLLsh to the Conlmission. before 40 clays power will not be authorized except in emer- after September 9, 1971 or such later date gency situations or other situations where As may be approved by the Comxnrsslon. upon the public Interest so requires. Any license good cause Shown, & wrItte statement or any so Issued will be without prejudice to sub- reasons, with supporting factual submtsslon.
sequent licensing action which may be taken why, with reference to tho criteria In para- by the Commission with regard to the en- graph 2. the permit or license should not be vironsmental aspects of the facility, and any suspended, In whole or It. part. pending com- license Issued will be conditioned to that pletion of the N*A environmental review effect. speclfled in sectionA B, C, or D. Such docu- I;. Consfdcratfou of suspension of certain ments will be publicly available and any permit.? and licenses pending NEP.4 Enriron- Interested person may submIt comments tri'ntal Reinew. thereon to the Comm'ssion.
1. In regard to (a) proceedings sutJect to 4. The Commlasson will thereafter deter- Section D other than those in which a hear- mine whether the permit or license shall be lug on an operating license appllcwion has suspended pending NEPA envlronmental re- commenced, ib) proceedings subject to see- view and will publish that determination tion C Involving nuclear power reactors and In the P=MAt Reclms*. A public announce- ltsting facllities.u and 4c) proceedlusjs li ment cf that determination will Also be which the Commission cetimAtes that con- made.
tructLion under a permit will not be cam- (a) It the Corimmtsion determines that
-picLed by January 1. 19*3. the Comnmissio the permit or license shall be suspended, an will consider and determine. in accordance order to show cause pursuant to 12.202 of with the provisions of paragraphs 3 and 4 this chapter shall be served upon the II-
of this section E, whether the permit or ii- centme ar~l the provisions of that section cerise should be suspended, in whole or in tolowediJr part, pending completion of the NAEPA envi- (b) Any person whose Interest may be rotunentail review apeclned In thi mctlons.
g aftected by the proceeding, other than the
2. In MnakInr tVe d'eunlnntnion catled for ifonse.* may ifle a request for a hearing in para..raph 1. the Cbm-nnuzion will con. within thirty (30) days after publIcation sider ard balatnce tile following factorn: of the Commlalon's determination on this (a) Whether it ini likely that continued matter in the l=zDwAL Rttclirxt. Such re- COn-trnctlon or operation during the pru- quest shall set forth the matters, with ref- rnpectlve review period will gtive rise to a erence to the criteria set out in paragraph eignlflncat adverse hnp-w, on the environ- 2, alleged to warrant a suspension determl- Inent; the natu,-e and extent of such .m- naUon other than that made by the Com- pact. if any: and whether redruax of any such mission, and shall set forth the factual basi adverse environn;ental impact can reasonably for the requestL I the Co-mlaeon deter- be eflected should modification. eatpension ailnes that the mattars stated In such re- or termination of the pernUt or ltcetae re- quest warrant a herlng, a notice of hesa- suit from the ongoing NEPA envIronmental Ing vill be published In the ftmn review.
(b) Whether continued coontructicn or .c) IThe Comns.a.lon or the prersding operation during the proapectlse review pe- Atomic Safety and Licensinf. Bolard. a-1 ap- rnod would foreclose snbsequent adoption of propriate, may prencribe the time within atlterntatives In facility design or operntIon of whielh a proceedin,. or uny portion thereof.
the type that coud reault from the ongoing XNPA environmental review. conducted puriuant to this paragraph bliall be completed.
it In proceedings In which an applicant's enviroillnethtal report, rather than a draft detailed statcmnent, was circulated by the Cotnntll%%lol. that environmental report shall be deemed a draft detailed statement for the purpoies of this paragraph.
130O GiCP 2202 "Wmongother things. pro- vides for Institution of a prooeeding to mod-
- ~PUsireProcesailog plaists; bare been ex- ify, suspend, or revoke a iloenat by timsanee cluded since only one such plant is subject to section C and Its construction is complete, of an order to show cause iad provides an opportunity for hearing.
Appendix 1. Appendix D of 10 CFR Part 50 (Continued)
mental concerns of the public. At the licensing proceedings. They would Ilot same time the Commission Is also exam- Impinge upon the basic requiretictnLs for ining steps that can be taken to reconcile a fair arid orderly hiearing on the NE1'A
a proper regard for the environment issues.
with the necessity for meeting the Na- Because the revision of Appendix D
tion's growing requirements for electric which follows is necei*ary to comply with power on a timely basis. Court of Appeals' decision ill the Calvert The procedures In Appendix 0 ripply Cliffs case. tile Com0UiJ&Mlo lhas found to licentsing proceedings for nuclear that good cause exists for omitting no- power reactors: testing facilities: fuel tice of proposed rule inakinh and publiv reprocessing plants: and other produc- procedure thereon as tnnecessary and tion and utillzation facilities whrse Impracticable and for making the revi- FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 36, NO. 175- conrstruction or operation may be deter- sion effective upon publication in tile mined by the Commission to have a sic- FEDERAL REGISTER %kithoutthe cu.stomary niflcant Impact on the environment. The 30-day notice.
THURSDAY, SEPIEMBIER 9, 1971 procedures also apply to proceedines in- Accordingly, pursuant to thie N:t.nonwil volhing certain specified activitics sub- Environmental Policy Act of 1969, the ject to materials licensing. Atomic Energy Act of 1954. as amended.
ReL-sed Appendix D Is divided Into and sections 552 wid 553 of title 5 of the five sections. Section A deals with the United States Code, the following rc- basic procedures for implementinm, vision of Appendix D of 10 CIO'R Part 50 is NEPA. including an identification of the publi!.ned ws a document subject to information required of applicants. the codification, to be effective upon publi- circulation of environmental reports and cation in the FliEPAL RECISTER 09-9-71).
detailed statements for comment, and The Commision Invites all interestcd the role of Atomic Safety and Licensino per.-ns who dcsire to sulmnit wriLttin Boards in the environmental review comments or suggestions for considera- process. tion in comnection with the revision to Section B deals with procedures ap- send them to the Secretary of the Corn- plicable to the specified facility and ma- mission. U.S. Atomic Enerry Commission.
terials licenses Issued during the period Washington, D.C. 205.15. Attention:
from January 1. 2970. the date of enact- Chief. Public Proceedings Branch, within ment of NEPA, to the effective date of 60 days after publication of this notice this revision. in the FEDERAL REGIsTER. Consideration SOction C deals with the procedure; will be given to such submission with the applicable to oonstructlon permitL for view to possible further nmendments.
the specified facilities issued prior to Copies of comment,, received by the January 1, 1970, for which operating Commission may be examined [at tile Title I1O-ATOMIC ENERGY
Chapter I-Atomic Energy Commission PART 50-LICENSING OF PRODUC-
licenses have not been issued.
Section D deals with the procedures applicable to pending hearings and hear- ings to be conducted in the near future.
It makes provision for NEPA review and hearing opportunity on NEPA matters Commission's Public Document
1717 H Street NWV., Washington. DC.
Appendix D 1.' revi.ed to read as follows;
Room.
I
following such review and also provides TION'AND UTILIZATION FACILITIES for possible auhorization of fuel loadlin Implementation of National and limited operation of nuclear power environmental Policy Act of 1969 reactors, consistent with appropriate re- gard for environmental values, during On July 23. 1971. the U.S. Court of the period of ongoing NEPA environ- Appeals for the District of Columbia mental review. Operation beyond twenty Circuit rendered its decision in Calvert percent (20%) of full power would ie- Cliffsý Coordinating Committee. Inc., quire the specific prior approval of the et al. v. United States Atomic Energy Commission and would not be authorized Commission, etal. Nos. 24,839 and 24,871, except in emergency situations or other holding that Atomic Energy Commission situations where the public Interest so regulations for the Implementation of requires. (Counterart provisions for the National Environmental Policy Act certain materials licensing actions are of 1969 (NEPA) in AEC licensing pro- contained in section A.)
ceedings did not comply in several sped- Section E sets forth the factors which fled respects with the dictates of that will be considered by the Commission in Act, and remanding the proceedings to determining whether to suspend, pend- the Commission for rule making con- ing the required NEPA environmental sistent with the Court's opinion. review, permits or licenses of the speci- Revised Appendix D set forth below fied types issued during the period from is an interim statement of Commission January 1, 1970, and the effective date policy and procedure for the Implemen- of this revision and construction permits tation of NEPA in accordance with the for the specified facilities Issued prior to decision of the Court of Appeals. January 1, 1970, for which operating The effect of the revised regulations Uloenses have not been issued.
will be to make the Atomic Energy Com- Sections B, C, and D provide that the mission directly responsible for evalu- Commission or the presiding Atomic ating the total environmental Impact, Safety and Licensing Board. as appro- including thermal effects, of ndclear priate, may prescribe the times within power plants, and for assessing this Im- which the proceedings subject to those pact in terms of the available alterna- sections will be completed. These provi- tives and the need for electrLi power. alons amre In keeping with the Commis- The Commisdon Intends to be respon- alon's continuing objective of mintlrz- sive to the conservation and environ- Ing undue delay In the conduct of its
90
L"
Appendix 1. Appendix D of 10 CFR Part 50 (Continued)
Section C. Procedures for revh'w of exi.sts for inakning the amenlihlents effec- certai conwtruction pcrinils for produc- live without the custontart, 30-day notice.
tion or utilization facilities issued prior Ac.rodlingly. pursuant to tile National to January 1. 1970. /or which optratingf Environmnental Policy Act of 1969, Ill(!
licenses har'e not been issued, has been Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended.
amended to cover such Ipermit., is4sued and sections 552 and 553 of Title 5 of the prior to ,)antuary 1, 1970 for facilities for Ulited States Code. tile following amnend- which iieither an. operating license nor nuents to Title 10, Chapter 1, Code of a notice of opporltutity (or hearing on Federal Regulitions. Part 50, are pub- the operating license had been issued lishced I!; a (documeInt subbject to cxdifica- prior to September 9. 1971 ithe effective tion to be effletive upon publication in FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 36, NO. 190- date of revised AppendLx W'. The exclu- tile FrDiRAI. l11itsrr.n. (9-30-71):
sloft of holders of construction permitu; 1. Iln Alipetnlix I1. tile Dhlras3e, "evlcetivc subject to section D. which is applicable date of this amended Appendix D- ill to proceediugs in which lharings were S'ctiOrnS B and 1) is change:-c to read THURSDAY. SEPTEMBER 30, 1971 pending as of September 9. 1971, or in "Slepteuber 9. 1971" wherr it appealrs.
which a draft or final detailed statement 2. Section C.l. of Appendix of environental conbiderations had D is
"imnended to read as follows:
been circulated prior to that date. has bcen deleted. This has the effect of mak- 3. A footnote 11 is:udded tosul ion D.1 ing proceedings such as the Calvert Cliffs of Appendix ) followin,:., tile word "date"
proceeding. Dockeu; Nos. 50-317 atud 50- to read a*s follows:
Title IO0-ATOMIC ENERGY 318. subject to sections C and E, as the Commission originally intended. 4. Sections E.I. ald E.
3. of Appendix D
Chapter I-Alomic Energy are ateueded to read as Iolloa;
In section D.I.. a fooLuote has bvven Commission added to provide that in proceedings in which an applicant's environnlental re- PART 50-LICENSING OF PRODUJC- port, rather tiutn a draft detailed state- TION AND UTILIZATION FACILITIES ment. was circulated by the Commission that environmental report shall be Implementation of the Notional deemed a draft detailed statement for Environmental Policy Act of 1969 the purposes of that paragraph.
On September 9, 1971. the Atomic Section E. which presently applies to l.tl".:y Colllni..ýSlon publiished ill tile proceedings subject to sections B and C.
FlE*iAL RcItSTrE. '36 F.R. 18071, a revi- has been amended to apply to (a) pro- sion of Ap)penihx D of its regulation in ceedin!s subject to section B other than
10 CF'1 Part 50. effective oil publication. thoaw in whlch a hearing on an operating Revi*cd Appendix D as published is an license application has commenced, tb)
interim stat1tItienlt of Commission policy proceedings subject to section C involving antd procedure tor the implementation nuclear power reactors and testing facil- of the National Environmental Policy ities. and ic. proceedings in which the Act of 1969 'NEPAI in accordance with Commission estimates that construction the deci.isioi of tile U.S. Court of Appeals under a permit will not be completed by for the District of Columbia Circuit in January 1, 1972. This amendment will Calvert Cliffs' Coordinating Committee. exclude one fuel reprocessing plant from Inc., et al. v. United States Atomic consideration of suspension pending lnerry Commision. et al.. Nos. 24.839 completion of NEPA environmental re- and 24,871. The procedures in Appendix view. Since that plant has already been L) apply to licensing proceedin':s for nlu- completed. and will be subject to section clear power reactors: testing facilities: C procedures before the Issuance of an fuel reprocessing plants; and other pro- operating license w,1ll be considered, no ductiun and utilization facilities whose useful purpose would be served by sus- constructioln or operation may be deter- pension of the construction permit. The inined by tile Commission to have a sig- amendment will, on the other hand, sub- iifiicant impact on the environment. The ject to consideration of suspension. Wn, procedures also apply to proceedings in- addition to cases involving nuclear power volving certain specified activities subject reactors and testing facilities for which to materials ihcensing. construction permits were issued prior to Revised Appendix D is divided into five January 1. 1970. for which operating li- scetions. Section A deals with the basic censes or notice of opportunity for hear- procedtues for implemenLing NEPA, log on the operating license application while sections 13,C. and D deal with pro- have not been issued proceedings in oedurets applhicable to certain categories which the Commission estimates that of permits or licenses already issued or construction will not be completed by for which applications are pending. See- January 1. 1972, even though a notice of tion E defines the categories of proceed- opportunity for hearing on the operating ings in which the Commission will con- license application or a draft or final de- sider and determine whether a permit tailed statement of environmental con- or license already issued should be sus- siderations has been issued.
pended pending completion of tile NEPA Because these amendments relate environmental review and sets out the solely to correction and clarification, the factors to be considered by the Commis- Commission has found that good cause sion In maniing its determinations. exists for omitting notice of proposed rule The Commniission has adopted Ute making and public procedure thereon as lunendinients to revised Appendix D unnecessary. The Commission has also which follow to correct revised Appendix found that since the amendments correct D and clarify the intent of the Commts- and clarify previous amendments which slot, with respect to proceedins subject to sectlons C, D. and E. have already become effective, good cause
91
Appendix 1. Appendix D of 10 CFR Part 50 (Continued)
prior to sadd date, in the case of an ap- plication for a construcion permit, or in FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 36, NO. 21E- which a notice of opportunity for hearing I
FEDERAt REGISTER. VOL. 36, NI., 742- on the application has been isbuea prior to October 31, 1971, in the Case of aul application for an operating license. A
conforming amendment has been made
.THUIRSOAY, NOVEMIU 11, 1971 to section C.A of Appendix D. THURSDAY, DEcEMO13 16. 1971 Paragraph 3 of section D of Appendix D has been amended to make clear that.
In cases where a notice of opportunity for hearing on an operating license ap- plication was issued prior to October 31.
1971, and no hearing has been requosted. PART 50-LICENSING OF PRODUC-
the environmental review procedures set TION AND UTILIZATION FACILITIES
out In section A of Appendix D will, withi respect to such proceedings, be sub- Implementations of the Notional En- ject to the limitation that comnment,, will vironmental Policy Act of 1969;
be requested. and must be received.
within 30 days from Fedeml agencies.
Correction State and local oficials and Interested Onl November 11, 1971, F.R, Doe. 71- persons on environmental reports -and 16469, amending Appendix D of 10 CFR
draft detailed statements. This change Part 50, wias published in the FEDERAL
Title IO-ATOMIC ENERGY conforms paragraph 3 of section D to paragraph I of section D In this respect.
REGzSTRn at ip{.e 21579. The foUowing correction Is made to tie amendneni.. to Chapter I-Atomic Energy Because these amendments relate 10 CFR Part 50, Appendix D:
solely to correction and clarification, the In paragraph 3 in the second colunuh Commission Commission has found that good cause on page 21580, the reference to "9 50.57 PART 50--LICENSING OF PRODUC- exists for omitting notice of proposed 'a)" in the 30th line should read
"*50.571c) ."
TION AND UTILIZATION FACILITIES rule making and public procedure thereon as unnecessary. The Commission (See. IGI, 68 Stat. 948; 42 U.S.C. 2201)
Implementation of the National has also found that since the amend- Environmental Policy Act of 1969 ments correct and clarify previous Dated at Washington D.C.. tills Dth amendments which have already become day of December 1971.
On September 9. 1971, the Atomic En- effective, good cause exists for making ergy CommLsslon published in the FSD- For tile Atomic Energy Commission.
the amendments effective without the ERAL REGISTER (38 P.R. 18071) a revision W. B. McCOOL.
customary 30 day notice.
of Appendix D of itz regulation in 10 CFR Sccretary of the Commission.
Part 50. effective on publication. Revised Accordingly, pursuant to the National Appendix D as published is an interim Environmental Policy Act of 1969, the FWR Doc.71-10402 Flied 12-16-71:8:5i ami statement of Commission policy and pro- Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended.
I
cedure for the implemenitation of the and sections 552 and 553 of title 5 of the National Environmental Policy Act of tUntted States Code, the following amend-
1969 (NEPA) In accordance with the de- ments to Title )0, Chapter I, Code of cision of the U.S. Court of Appeals for Federal Regulations, Part 50, are pub- the District of Columbia Circuit In "Cal- lished as a document subject to codifica- vwrt Cliffs 'Coordinating Committee, Inc., tion to be effective upon publication in et al. v. United States Atomic Energy the FEDERAL REGISTER (11-11-71).
Commission. et al.," Nos. 24.839 and in Appendix D. sections C.1, D.1, anud
24.871. The procedures In Appendix D D.3 are amended to read as follows:
apply to licensing proceedings for nu- clear power reactors: testing facilities:
fuel reproceming plants:; and other pro- duction and utilization facilities whose (Sec. 102. 83 Stat. 853; secs. 3. 161; 08 Stat.
construction or operation may be deter- 922. 948. as amended: 42 U.S.C. 2013. 2201)
mined by the Commission to have a sig- nificant impact on the environment. The Dated at Gennantown, Md.. this 29th procedures also apply to proceedings In- day of October 1971.
volving certain specified activities sub- For the Atomic Energy Commisslon.
ject to materials licensing.
The Commission adopted certain minor W. B. McCOOL.
amendments to revised Appendix D, pub- SecretarV of the Commission.
lshed in the FEDERAL REcIsTEa on Sep- [I( Doc.71-104a9 Filed 11-10-71:8:48 aM1 tember 30, 1971.
The Commission- has adopted addi- tional amendnsents to revised Appendix D that clarify the intent of the Commis- Sion with respect to proceedings subject to section D.
In section 4, Procedures Applicable to Pending Hea-ings or Proceedings to be Noticed in the Near Future, pe.agraph 1 has been amended to make the provi- sions of paragraphs 1 and 2 of that sec- tion applicable to proceedings In which'
hearings are pending as of September 9,
1971. or in which a draft or final detailed statement of environmental considera- tions prepared by the Director of Regula- tIon or his designee hna been circulated
92
Appendix 1. Appendix D of 10 CFR Part 50 (Continued)
prior to said date, in the caze of an ap- plication for a comstructIon permit, or In which a notice of opportunity for hearing
4 FEDERAL REOISTEI, VOL 36, 1O. 218-- FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 36, Nf.. 242- on the application has been isLuea prior to October 31, 1971, in the case of an application for an operating license. A
conforming amendment has been made
- THUIRSOAY, NOVEMBR 11, 1971 to section C.- of Appendix D. THURSDAY. DECEMBER 16, 1971 Paragraph 3 of section D of Appendix D has been amended to make clear Vhnt.
in cases where a notice of opportunity for hearing on an operating license ap- plication was issued prior to October 31.
1971. and no hearing has been reqtueted, PART 50-LICENSING OF PRODUC-
the environmental review procedures set TION AND UTILIZATION FACILITIES
out In section A of Appendix D. will, with respect to such proceedings, be sub- Implerr.entations of the National En- Ject to the limitation that comments will vironmental Policy Act of 1969;
be requested, and must be received. Correction within 30 days from Federal agencies.
State and local offIcials and interested On November II, 1W71, FR. Doc. 71- persons on environmental reports -and 16469. amending Appendix D of 10 CFR
draft detailed statements. This change Part 50, wvs Iublished in the FEDERAL
Title IO-ATOMIC ENERGY conforms paragraph 3 of section D to paragraph 1 of section D in this respect.
REISTERa (It pae 21579. The following correction is mnatdle to the amendments to Because these amendments relate 10 CFR Part 50. Appendix D:
Chapter I-Atomic Energy solely to correction and clarification, the In paragraph 3 in the second colunmi Commission Commission has found that good cause on page 21580. the reference to "§ 50.57 PART SO--LICENSING OF PRODUC- exists for omitting notice of proposed ia'" in the 30th line should read TION AND UTILIZATION FACILITIES rule making and public procedure " 50.57(c)."
thereon as unnecessary. The Commission (Sec. 161. 68 Stat. 948; 42 U.S.C. 2201)
Implementation of the National has also found that since the amend- Environmental Policy Act of 1969 ments correct and clarify previous Dated at Washington DC., this 9th amendments which have already become diay of December 1971.
On September 9, 1971. the Atomic En- effective, good cause exists for making For the Atomic Energy Corrmmission.
ergy Commission published in the PFD- the amendments effective without the ERAL REOxsTrR (36 P.R. 18071) a revision customary 30 day notice. W. B. McCoot.,
of Appendix D of it- regulation in 10 CPR Accordingly, pursuant to the National Sccretary of the Commission.
Part 50, effective on publication. Revised Environmental Policy Act of 1969, the IFFR Doc.71-18402 Plied 12-15-71:8:51 am)
Appendix D as published is an interim Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, statement of Commission policy and pro- and sections 552 and 553 of title 5 of the cedure for the implementbi.tion of the Uited States Code. the following amend- National Environmental Policy Act of
1969 (NEPA) in accordance with the de- ments to Title 10. Chapter I, Code of cision of the U.S. Court of Appeals for Federal Regulations, Part 50, are pub- the District of Columbia Circuit in "Cal- lished as a document subject to codifica- vert Cliffs' Coordinating Committee, Inc., tion to be effective upon publication in et el. v. United States Atomic Energy the FEDrRAL REGISTER (11-11-71).
Commission. et al.." Nos. 24,839 and In Appendix D, sections C.1, D.1, and
24.871. The procedu'es in Appendix D D,3 are amended to read as follows:
apply to licensing proceedings for nu- clear power reactors: testing facilities:
fuel reprocessing plants; and other pro.
duction and utilization facilities whose (Sec. 102, 83 Stat. 853; secs. 3, 161: 6a Stat.
construction or operation may be deter- 922, 948. as a*mended; 42 U.S.C. 2013. 22011 mined by the Commission to have a sig- niflcant impect on the environment. The Dated at Germantown. Md.. this 29t11 procedures also apply to proceedings in- day of October 1971.
volving certain specified vxtivitles sub- For the Atomic Energy Commission.
ject to materials licensing. W. B. McCoOL.
The Commission adopted certain minor amendments to revised Appendix D, pub- Secretary of the Commissfon.
liahed in the FEDERAL RzoxSTZR on Sep- IFR Doc.71-18489 Flied 11-10-71:8:48 am)
tember 30. 1971.
The Commisalor- has adopted addl- tional amendments to revised Appendix D that clarify the intent of the Commis- sion with respect to proceedings subject to section D.
In section 4, Procedures Applicable to Pending Hearings or Proceedings to be Noticed in the Near Future. paragraph 1 has been amended to make the provi- sions of paragraphs I and 2 of that sec- tion applicable to Proceedings in whiclh hearingg are pending as of September 9.
1971, or In which a draft or final detailed statement of environmental conddera- tions prepared by the Director of Regula- tdon or hris designee hms been circulated
92
Appendix 1. Appendix D of 10 CFR Part 50 (Continued)
The Commissio adopted certain minor amendments to revised Appendix D, pub- lished in the FEDLRAL REzrsR on Sep- tember 30. 1971. and November 11, 1971.
The Conunisaion has adopted addi- tional amendments to revised Appendix D relating to the procedures for publish- ing notices of hearing or opportunity for hearing with respect to proceedings sub- lec to sections B. C, and D.
Those sections deal respectively %1Lu procedures applicable to certain facility
- 1E5t RfoaMIm, Vet. I7, No. 13- and materials licenses Issued during the period from January 1, 1970. the date of enactment of NEPA, to September 0.
1971, with the procedures applicable to construction permits for certain facilities NUS"YAy, JrMuAX7 2C, 1972 issued prior to January 1. 1970. for which operating licenses or notice of oppor- tunity for hearing on operating license applications have not been issued, and with procedures applkcaWe to pending hearings and hearings to be noticed in the near future.
Under section B, section C, and section D.3 presently in effect, notices of hearing or opportunity for hearing in the li- censing proceedings subject to those sec- tions could not be published until the final detailed statement or supplemental detailed statement had been prepared by the Commission's Director of Regulation or his designee. The basic procedures for implementing NEPA in section A of Ap- pendix D. on the other band. contain no such restriction. Furthermore, the re- striction is inconsistent with the Com- mission's practice of giving early notice of hearing or opportunity for heriing in facility licensing cases-before com- pletion of the reviews of the application Title 10--ATOMIC ENERGY by the AEC staff and the Advisory Com- mittee on Reactor Safeguards. That Chapter I--Atomic Energy practice results in extra time between Commission the admission of intervening parties and the beginning of the hearing, thus af- PART 50--UCENSING OF PRODUC- fording a longer period for the prepara- TION AND UTILIZATION FACILITIES tion of intervenors' cases and avoiding unnecessary delays. Accordingly, the Implementation of the National amendments which follow permit, but do Enwironmentvl Policy Act of 1969 not require, the Commission to issue no- Ol, September 9. 1971, the Atomic tices of hearing or opportunity for hear- nerg., Commission published in the ing, an appropriate, for the consideration FrnBAL. RZoMisrn (36 F.R. 18011) a revi- of NEPA environmental issues in such sion of ippendix D of its regulation in proceedings, before the final detailed
10 CFR Part 50. effective on publication. statement has been prepared.
Revised Appendix D as published Is an Pursuant to the National Environmen- tatori statement of Commission policy tal Policy Act of 1969. the Atomic Energy Act and procedure for the implementation and of553 1954, as amended, and sections 552 of the National Environmental Policy of title 5 of the United States Act of 1969 (NEPA) In aocordance with Code, the following amendments to Title the decision of the U.S. Court of Appeals 10, Chapter 1, Code of Federal Regula- for the District of Columbia Circuit in tions, Part 50, are published as a docu-
"Calvert Cliffs' Coordinating Committee, ment subject to codification to be eff ec- Inc., et al. v. United States Atomic tive upon publication In the Flusta.
Energy Commission. et al.". Nos. 24,839 RZITSTER.
and 24,871. The procedures in Appendix In Appendix D. the sxLn sentence in D apply to licensing proceedings for section C.2 is deleted, and section B.3. the nuclear power reacors: testing facUlItes: fifth sentence in section C. and the fifth fuel reprocessing plants; and other pro- sentence in section D.3 are amended to ductIon and utilimatlon facilities whose read as follows:
eoostrutUon or operation may be deter- mined by the Commission to have 'a significant Impact on the environment.
The procedures also apply to proceedings Ianvving certain specified activities msbject to materials licemsing.
93
Appendix 1. Appendix D of 10 CFR Part 50 (Continued)
BRAL REGISTER (36 F.R. 18071) a revision Because this amendment relates solely of Appendix D of its regulation In 10 CFR to elimination of an obsolete require- Part 50, effective on publication. Revised ment, the Commission has found that Appendix D as published is an interim good cause exists for omitting notice of statement of Commission policy and pro- proposed rule making and public proce- cedure for the Implementation of the dure thereon as unnecessary and for National Environmental Policy Act of making the amendment effective with-
1969 (NEPA) in light of the decision of out the customary 30-day notice, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District Accordingly, pursuant to the National of Columbia Circuit in Calvert Cliffs' Environmental Policy Act of 1969, the Coordinating Committee. Inc., et al. v. Atomic Energy Act of 1954. as amended, United States Atomic Energy Commis- and sections 552 and 553 of title 5 of the sion. et al., Nos. 24.839 and 24.871. The United. States Code. the following procedures in Appendix D apply to li- amendment to TItle 10, Chapter 1, Code ceasing proceedings for nuclear power of Federal Regulations, Part 50, is pub- reactors: testing facilities; fuel reproc- lished as a document subject to codifi- essing plants; and other production and cation to be effective upon publication utilization facilities whose construction in the FEoRALt. REGsmITR (5-13-72).
or operation may be determined by the In Appendix D, paragraph 13 of sec- Commission to have a significant impact tion A is revoked.
on the environment. The procedures alo (Sec. 102. 83 Stat, 853; sees. 3. 161: 68 Stat.
apply to proceedings involving certain 922. D48. ns amended; 42 U.S.C. 2013, 2201)
specified activities subject to materials licensing. Dated at Oermantown, Md., this 8th day of May 1972.
Paragraph 13 of section A of Appen- For the Atomic Energy Commission.
'dix D of Part 50 provides that:
The Commission Will Incorporate in all con- VW.B. MCCooL,
struction permits and operating licenses for Secretory of the Commission.
production and utilization facilities de- [FR Doc.72-7344 Filed 5-12-72;8:51 amI
scribed in paragraph 1. a condition. in addi- tion to Say conditions imposed pursunflt to FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 37, NO. 94- paragraph 11, to the effect that the licensee
1972 shell observe such standards and requtre SATURDAY, MAY 13, ments for the protection of the environment as are validly imposed pursuant to authority established under Federal and Stat: law and as are determined by the Coaroxission to be applicabie to the facility that is subject to the licensing action involved. This condition will not apply to radiological effects since radiological effects ae dealt with In other provisions of the construction permit and operating license.
The central premise of Appendix DV
prior to its revision in light of the earlier referenced Calvert Cliffs' decision, was the concept that the preservation of en- vironmental values could best be ac- complished through the establishment of environmental quality standards and re- quirements by appropriate Federal, State, and regional agencies hi'iAng re- sponsibility for environmental protec- tion. The condition referred to was an aspect of NEPA Implementation by the Commlssion reflecting that concept.
Since the decision in the Calvert Cliffs'
case, the Commission, In compliance with the mandate of the Court of Ap- peals, has revised its NEPA regulations to provide for an Independent review of the environmental Impact of the matters covered by such standards and require- ments. Accordingly, the condition no longer serves the purpose intended. Any license conditions resulting from the Title 1O-ATOMIC ENERGY Commission's independent review will be tailored to the particular facility. The Chapter l-Atomic Ene;gy Commission has, therefore, revoked
. Commission paragraph 13 of section A of Appendix D of Part 50 since it Is no longer neces- PART 50--LICENSING OF PRODUC- sary or appropriate. This amendment TION AND UTILIZATION FACILITIES does not, of course, relieve holders of AEC licenses of any obligation which Implementation of National they otherwise have in regard to appli- Environmental Policy Act of 1969 cable standards and requirements Im- On September 9. 1971. the Atomic En- posed by other agencies under Federal ergy Commission published in the FED- or State law,
94
Appendix 1. Appendix D of 10 CFR Part 50 (Continued more closely to the applicable CEQ guide- line. This amendment does not, of course, preclude an applicant for a facility con- struction permit or operating license from presenting Its case on environmen- tal matters as well as on radliologIcal health and safety matters prior to the end of the 15-day period. The position of the Commission's regulatory staff will not be presented at any hearing until the final detailed statement is made available.
This amendment is another in a series FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 37, NO. 96-- of amendments which the Commission WEDNESDAY, MAY 17, 1972 has adopted or iL contemplating in Its ef-'
forts to establish an effective environ- mental protection program in the con- text of a timely declsiornaklng process.
Recent examples of such amendments are the amendments to Part 50, effective on March 21. 1972 (37 F.R. 5745). limiting site preparation activities that may be performed prior to Issuance of a con- struction permit, and proposed amend- ments which would restructure the li- censing and hearing process published Title 10-ATOMIC ENERGY on May 9. 1972 (37 P.R. 9331), The latter amendments would, among other things, Chapter I--Atomic Energy provide for earlier and more meaningful Commission participation by the parties to a licens- PART 50-LICENSING OF PRODUC- ing proceeding.
TION AND UTILIZATION FACILITIES Since the amendment which follows relates to agency procedures, notice of Implementation of the National proposed rule making and public pro- Environmental Policy Act of 1969 cedure thereon are not required.
Accordingly, pursuant to the National The Atomic Energy Commission has Environmental Policy Act of 1969, the adopted an amendment to Appendix D Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended.
of 10 CFR Part 50, an Interim statement and sections 552 and 553 of title 5 of of Commission policy and procedure for the United States Code, the following the implementation of the National En- amendment to Title 10, Chapter 1, Code vironmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) of Pederal Regulations. Part 50, is pub- in accordance with the decision of the lished as a document subject to codifica- U.S. Court of Appeals for the District tion to be effective upon publication in of Columbia Circuit In Calvert Cliffs' Co- the FEDERAL RECISTER (5-17-72).
ordinating Committee, Thc., et al v. The last sentence of paragraph A.9 of United States Atomic Energy Commis- Appendix D is amended to read as sion, et al., Nos; 24,839 end 24.871. The follows:
procedures in Appendix D apply to 11- censing proceedings for nuclear reac- APPZM*rm O---vTzrRIM S.rA, MHENTOF OzNSxmAL
tors; testing facilities; fuel reprocessing POLeCy AND PaocunMfSL: IMPLZUE*TrATON
OF THlE NATIONAL ENVRo £NrTAL PoLicy plants; and other production and utillza- AcT or 1969 (PUfLuc LAW 91-190)
tiop facilities whose construction or op- eration may be determined by the Com- mission to have a significant impact on A. BarlL, procedures.
the environment. The procedures also 9. *
- In addition. the draft detailed apply to proceedings involving ceftaln statement will be made available to the pub- lic at least fifteen (18) days prior to the specified activities subject to materials time of any relevant hearing. At any such licensing. hearing, the position of the Commisslon's In Appendix D, the last sentence of regulatory staff will not be presented untU
paragraph A.9 provides that, to the max- the final detailed statement Is made avail.
imum extent practicable. the final de- able to the public. The foregoing provisions tailed statement required by NEPA will will not preclude an applicant for a facility be publicly available at least thirty (30) construction permit or operating license days before the commencement of any re- from presenting Its case on environmental matters as well as on radiological health and lated evidentiary hearing that may be safety matters prior to the end of the fifteen held. In contrast, the guidelines of the day period.
Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ), in paragraph 10(e) of its (See. 102, 83 Stat. 853: sees. 3. 161: 88 Stat.
"Guidelines on Statements on Proposed 922, 948, as amended; 42 U.S.C. 2013, 2201)
Federal Actions Affecting the Environ- ment' published April 23, 1971 (36 FLR. Dated at Germantown, Md., this 15th
7724). provide that the draft environ- day of May 1972.
mental statement should be publicly For the Atomic Energy Commission.
available at least fifteen (15) days prior to the time of any relevant hearing. W. B. McCoOL,
The sentence In paragraph A.9 of Ap- Secretary of the Commission.
pendix D has been amended to conform IFR Doe.72-7t51 Fled 5-15-72;12:40 pmI
95
Appendix 1. Appendix D of 10 CFR Part 50 (Continued more closely to the applicable CEQ guide- line. This amendment does not of course, preclude an applicant for a facility con- struction permit or operating license from presenting Its case on environmen- tal matters as well as on radiological health and safety matters prior to the end of the 15-day period. The position of the Commission's regulatory staff will not be presented at any hearing until the final detailed statement is made available.
This amendment is another in a series FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 37, NO. 96- of amendments which the Commission WEDNESDAY, MAY 17, 1972 has adopted or Is contemplating in Its ef- forts to establish an effective environ- mental protection program in the con- text of a timely decislonmaking process.
Recent examples of such amendments are the amendments to Part 50, effective on March 21. 1972 (3 F.R. 5745), lImJting site preparation activities that may be performed prior to Issuance of a con- struction permit, and proposed amend- ments which would restructure the l- censing and hearing process published Title 1O-ATOMIC ENERGY on May 9, 1972 (37 F.R. 9331). The latter amendments would, among other things.
Chapter I-Atomic Energy provide for earlier and more meaningful Commission participation by the parties to a licens- ing proceeding.
PART 50-LICENSING OF PRODUC- Since the amendment which follows TION AND UTILIZATION FACILITIES relates to agency procedures, notice of Implementation of the National proposed rule making and public pro- Environmental Policy Act of 1969 cedure thereon ore not required.
Accordingly, pursuant to the National The Atomic Energy Commission has Environmental Policy Act of 1969, the adopted an amendment to Appendix D Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended.
of 10 CFR Part 50, an Interim statement and sections 552 and 553 of title 5 of of Commission policy and procedure for the United States Code. the following the implementation of the National En- amendment to Title 10, Chapter 1, Code vironmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) of Federal Regulations. Part 50. is pub- in accordance with the decision of the lished as a document subject to codiflca- U.S. Court of Appeals for the District tion to be effective upon publication in of Columbia Circuit in Calvert Cliffs' Co- the PFSDRAL RzMrSTER (5-17-72).
ordinating Committee, Mc., et aL v. The last sentence of paragraph A.9 of United States Atomic Energy Commis- Appendix D is amended to read as sion, et aL. Nos. 24,839 and 24.871. The follows:
procedures In Appendix D apply to li- censing proceedings for nuclear reac- APPrmrx fl.--lwrEzIM F rrZMENT OFP O MAE L
POLrY AND Psoc=noaK: IMPLZMENTATION
tors; testing facilities; fuel reprocessing O THUE NATIONAL ENVIRONMEZTAL POUCT
plants: and other production and utillza- AcT or 1913 (PuaLic Law 91-190)
tiop facilities whose construction or op- eration may be determined by the Com- mission to have a significant impact on A. Basic procedures.
the environment. The procedures also 9. 1 1 0 In addition, the draft detailed statement will be made available to the pub.
apply to proceedings involving ceftain lic at least fifteen (15) days prior to the specified activities subject to materials time of any relevant hearing. At any such licensing. hearing, the position of the Commission's In Appendix D, the last sentence of regulatory staff will not be presented until paragraph A.9 provides that, to the max- the final detailed statement is made avail.
imum extent practicable; the final de- able to the public. The foregoing provisions tailed statement required by NEPA will will not preclude an applicant for a facility construction permit or operating license be publicly available at least thirty (30) from presenting its case on environmental days before the commencement of any re- matters as well as on radiological health'and lated evidentlary hearing that may be safety matters prior to the end of the fifteen held. In contrast, the guidelines of the day period.
Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ). in paragraph 10(e) of its (See. 102, 83 Stat. 853: sees. 3. 101: 88 Stat.
"Guidelines on Statements on Proposed 922, 948. as amended; 42 U.8.C. 2013, 2201)
Federal Actions Affecting the Environ- ment" published April 23, 1971 (36 P.R. Dated at Germantown, Md., this 15th
7724), provide that the draft environ- day of May 1972.
mental statement should be publicly For the Atomic Energy Commission.
available at least fifteen (15) days prior to the time of any relevant hearing. W. B. McCooL,
The sentence In paragraph A.9 of Ap- Secretary of the Commission.
pendix D has been amended to conform IPR Doc.72-.7551 Fied 5-15-42; 12:4 pm]
95
Annendix 2. Questionnaire for Elicitina Data For Radioactive Source-Term Calculation Pressurized Water Reactors is this treated (demineralization, evaporation, filtration, etc.) and what fraction will be Basic Data for Source Term Calculation discharged from the plant?
20. What fraction of the letdown stream is stripped of I. Reactor power (MWt) at which impact is to be noble gases & iodines'? How are these gases analyzed. collected? What decay do they receive prior to
2. Weight of U loaded (first loading and equilibrium release'? Indicate si ripping fracl in?
cycle), 21. How are the noble gases and iodines stripped from
3. isotopic ratio ir fresh fuel (first loading and that portion of the letdown stream which is sent to equilibrium cycle). the boron control system? How are these gases
4. Expected percentage of leaking fuel. collected? What decay do they receive prior to
5. Escape rate coefficients used (or reference). release?
6. Plant capacity factor (%). 22. Are the releases from the gaseous waste storage
7. Number of steam generators. tanks passed through a charcoal absorber? What
8. Type of steam generators (recirculating, once decontamination factor is expected'
through). 23. How frequently is the system shut down and
9. Mass of primary coolant in system total (lb) and degassed and by what method? How many volumes mass of primary coolant in reactor (lb). of the primary coolant system are degassed in this
10. Primary coolant flow rate (lb/hr). way each year? What fraction of the gases present II. Mass of steam and mass of liquid in each generator are removed? What fraction of other principal (Ib). nuclides are removed, and by what means? What
12. Total active mass of secondary coolant (Ib) decay time is provided?
(excluding condensate storage tanks). 24. Are there any other methods of degassing (i.e.,
13. Steam generator operating conditions (temperaturc through pressurizer, etc.)? If so describe. How is it OF, pressure psi, flow rate, lb/hr),
4 treated?
14. The number, type and size of condensate 25. What is the expected leak rate ofprimary coolant to demineralizer and total flow rate (lb/hr). the secondary system (lb/hr)?
15, What is the containment free volume (ft3 )? *26. What is the expected rate of steam generator
16. Whtat is the expected leak rate of primary coolant to blowdown (lb/hr) during power operation with the the containment atmosphere (lb/hr)? expected leak rate noted in 25. above? Where are
17. Is there an internal air cleanup system for iodine in the gases from the blowdown vent discharged? Are the containment? If so, what volume per unit time there charcoal absorbers and/or condensers on the is circulated through it? What decontamination blowduwn tank vent? If so, what decontamination factor is expected? How long will the system be factor is expected? How will the blowdown liquid operated prior to purging? be treated?
18. How often is the containment purged? Is it filtered 27. What is the expected leak rate of steam to the prior to release? Type of iodine clean up system turbine building (lb/hr)? What is the ventik.tion air provided? What decontamination factor is flow through the turbine building "(cfm)? Where is expected? it discharged? Is the air filtered or treated before
19. Give the total expected annual average letdown rate discharge? If so, provide expected performance.
during power operation (lb/hr). 28. What is the flow rate (cfm) of gaseous effluent a. What fraction of the letdown is returned to the from the main condenser ejector? What treatment is primary system? How is it treated? What are provided? Where is it released?
the expected decontamination factors for 29. What is the origin of the steam used in the gland removal of principal isotopes? seals (i.e., is it primary steam, condensate, or b. How is the Li and Cs normally controlled? demineralized water from a separate source, etc.)?
c. What fraction of this goes to boron control How is the effluent steam from the gland seals system? How is this treated, demineralization, treated and disposed of?
evaporation, filtration? 30. What is the expected leak rate of primary coolant to d. Is plant design for load follow or base load? the auxiliary building (lb/hr)? What is the What fraction of the letdown stream is diverted ventilation air flow through the auxiliary building to the radwaste system for boron control. How (cfm)?? Where is it discharged? Is the air filtered or
96 F
otherwise treated before discharged? If so, provide 7. Steam conditions at turbine (temp 'F. press. psi.
expected performance. flow lb/hr.)
31. Provide average gallons/day and MACi/cc for following 8. Normal recirculation flow rate (lblhr).
categories of liquid effluents. Use currently 9. Normal clean-up system flow rate (lb/hr). What type observed data in the industry where different from of resins are used? What decontamination factors the SAR or Environmental Report (indicate which are expected for each principal nuclide? What is the is used). frequency of regeneration and volume of a. High-level wastes (for example, primary coolant regenerants?
let down, "clean" or low conductivity waste, 10. Describe and provide the expected performance of equipment drains and deaerated wastes): the expanded gaseous radwaste treatment system b. "Dirty" wastes (for example, floor drain from the main condenser air ejector? Give the wastes, high-conductivity wastes, aerated expected air in leakage. Is the condenser ejector one wastes, and laboratory wastes); *agc or two stage? Where is it discharged'! How c. Laundry, decontamination, and wash-down many condenser shells'? (If applicable-Pounds of wastes; chafrcol and operating temperature of)
d. Steam generator blowdown-give average flow I1. Whvat is the expected leak rate of primary coolant to rate and maximum short-term flows and their ..iJ dry well (lb/hr)? How frequently is the dry well duration; puiged? What treatment is given to .his purge and e. Drains from turbine building; where is it released?
f. Frequency of regenerating condensate 12. Waat is tile expecteC leak rate of primary coolant demineralizers and expected volume of (lb/hr) to the reactor building'? What is the regenerant solutions. ventilation air flow through the reactor building (cfm)?Where is it discharged? Is the air filtered or For these wastes (a-f) provide: otherwise treated before discharge? If so provide I. Number and capacity of collector tanks. expected performance.
2. Fraction of water to be recycled and factors 13. What is the expected leak rate of steam (lb/hr) to controlling decision. the turbine building? What is the ventilation air flow,
3. Treatment steps-include number, capacity, and through the turbine building (cfm)? Where is it process decontamination factor for each discharged? Is the air filtered or treated before principal nuclide for each step. If step is discharge? If so, provide expected performance.
optional, state factors controlling decision. 14. Describe the treatment of the exhaust stream from
4. Decay time from primary loop to discharge. the turbine seal glands.
a. What is the oiigin of the steam used in tihe
32. Dilution flow rate for liquid effluents, minimum gland seals? (i.e., is it primary steam and normal gpm and total gallons per year. condensate, or demineralized water from a
33. How is waste concentrate (filter cake, demineralizer separate source, etc.?)
resin, evaporator bottoms) handled? Give total b. How is the waste stream from the gland seals volume, weight and curies per day or year. treated and disposed of?
34. Include the expected annual volume of dry waste c. Indicate how often the mechanical vacuum will and curie content of each drum. be operated and the expected range of activity released.
Boiling water reactors Basic Data for Source Term Calculation 15. Provide average gallons/day and pCi/cc prior to I. Reactor power (MWt) and plant capacity factor (%) treatment for the following categories of liquid at which Impact is to be analyzed. waste. Use currently observed data in the industry
2. Weight of U loaded (first loading and equilibrium where different from the SAR or Environmental cycle). Report (indicate which is used).
3. Isotopic ratio in fresh fuel (first loading and a. High-purity wastes (for example, "clean" or equilibrium cycle). low conductivity waste and equipment drains).
4. Expected offgas rate after 30 minutes delay. Give range of activity expected.
5. Escape rate coefficients used (or reference). b. "Dirty" wastes (for example, floor drain
6. Primary coolant in system (lb). wastes, high-conductivity wastes, and a. Mass of primary coolant in reactor; mass water, laboratory wastes). Give range of activity mass steam (Ib). expected.
b. Mass of primary coolant in recirculating system c. Chemical wastes. Give range of activity (Ib). expected.
c. Fraction of primary coolant in main condenser d. Laundry, decontamination, and wash-down (Ib). wastes. Give range of activity expected.
97
For these wastes (a-d), provide: 16. For the condensate demineralizers provide tlie flow a. Number and capacity of collector tanks. rate lb/hr. type of resin used, expected backwash and regeneration frequency, and expected D.F. for b.
c.
Fraction of water to be recycled or factors controlling decision.
Treatment steps-include number, capacity, and process D.F. for each princi'.il nuclide for each each principal nuclide.
17. Dilution flow rate for liquid effluents, minimum and normal gpm and total gallons per year.
18. How is waste concentrate (filter cak
e. demineralizer
4 resin, evaporator bottoms) handled? Give total step. If step is optional, stW.e factors controlling volume or weight and curies per day or year.
decision. Include the expected annual volume of dry waste d. Decay time from primary loop to discharge. and curie content of each drum.
4
98
Appendix 3. Example of Chart Showing Radiation Exposure Pathways RELEASES,,
AITMOSPHERIC RELEASES
AQUMTA I
EXTERNAL MAN*
(From the Final Environmental Statement related to the operation of Oconee Nuclear Station Units I. 2, and 3: Docket Nos. 50-269,
50-270, 50-287; March 1972. See page 120 of the Statement.)
99
Appendix 4. Proposed Appendix I of 10 CFR Part 50
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 36, NO. III-
WEDNESDAY, JUNE 9, 1971 ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION 20. Specifically, experience with licensed light-water-cooled nuclear power reac- Lion which may, on a temporary basis.
result in exposures higher than the few
"4 tors to date shows that radioactivity in percent of natural backgrotnd radiation,
[10 CFR Part 501 water and air effluents has been kept at but well within radiation proteotion LICENSING OF PRODUCTION AND low levels-for the mest panrt small per- guides. Recognition of the need for this centages of the Part 20 limits. Resultant operating flexibility Is currently stated in UTILIZATION FACILMES exposures to the public living In the I 50.3fiatb).
Light-Water-Cooled Nuclear Power immediate vicinity of operating power The Commnisalon believes that the pro- Reactors reactors have been small percentages of posed guides for design objectives and Federal radiation protection guides. limiting conditions for operation for The Atomic Energy Commbalon has The Commission also noted that, in light-water-cooled nuclear power reac- under consideration amendments to its general, the release of radioactivity in tors set out below provide a reasonable regulation. 10 CFR Part 50, "Licensing eflluents from nuclear power reactors basis at the present time for implement- of Production and Ut/iization Facilities," now in operation have been within ranges ing the principle that radioactive mate- which would supplement the regulation that may be considered "as low as prac- rial In effluents released to unrestricted with a new Appendix I to that part to ticable." and that, as a result of advaTices areas should be kept "as low as practi- provide numerical guides for design ob- in reactor technology, further redutUon cable." As noted In the amendments to jectives and technical specification re- of those releases can be achieved. The Part 50 published on December 3, 1970.
quirements for limiting conditions for amendments to Part 50 published on De- "The term 'as low as practicable' as used operation for light-water -cooled nuclear cember 3. 1970, were intended to give in this part means as low as is practicably power reactors to keep radioactivity in appropriate regulatory effect, with re- achievable taking into account the state effluents as low as practicable. spect to radioactivity in effluents from of technology, and the economies of im- On December 3. 1970, the Atomic nuclear power reactors, to the qualitative provements in relr.tlon to benefits to the Energy Commission published in the guidance of the Federal Radiatiod Coun- public health and safety and in relation FzDERA'. REGISTER (35 F.R. 18385) cil that radiation doses should be kept to the utilization of atomic energy in amendinents to 10 CFR Part 50 that "'s low as practicable". The proposed the public interest." The Commission will specified design and operating require- guides set out below are Intended to pro- continue to evaluate the appropriateness ments for nuclear power reactors to keep vide quantitative guidance to that end of these guides for light-water-cooled nu- levels of radioactivity in efuents to un- for I ght-water-cooled nuclear power clear power reactors in light of further restricted areas zs low as practicable. reactors. operating experience.
The amendments provided qualitative guidance, but not numerical criteria, for The proposed numerical uwdes are Under the President's Reorganization determining when design objectives and based on present light-water-cooled nu- Plan No. 3 of 1970, the Environmental operations meet the requirements for clear power reactor operating experience Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible keeping levels uf radioactivity in eflluents and state of technology (including recent for establishing generally applicable en- as low as pratucable. improvements). In developing the guides vironmental radiation standards for the the Commission has taken Into account protection of the general environment The Commission noted in the State- comments and suggestions by represent- from radioactive materials. The AEC is ment of Considerations published with aUves of power reactor suppliers, elec- responsible for the implementation and the amendments the desirability of de- trical util-tles, architect-engineering enforcement of EPA's generally ap- veloping more definitive guidance in con- firms, environmental and conservation plicable environmental standards.
nection with the amendments and that groups and States in which nuclear EPA has under consideration generally it was initiating discussions with the power reactors are located on the general nuclear power industry and other com- applicable environmental standards for subject of definitive guidance for nuclear these types of power reactors. AEC has petent groups to achieve that goal. power reactors. Meetings were held by the consulted EPA in the development of the The Commission considers that the Cbmmission with these groups in Janu- guides on design objectives and limiting proposed numerical guides for design ary and February 1971. The participants conditions for operation set forth below objectives and technicea specification in these meetings were provided an op- to control radioactivity in effluent re- requirements for limiting conditions for portunity, to express their views on the leases. If the design objectives sod op- operation for light-water-cooled nuclear need for more definitive guidance for erating limits established herein Chould power reactors set out below would meet design objectives for light-water-cooled prove to be incompatible with any gen- the criterion "as luw as practicable" for nuclear power reactors to keep radio- erally applicable environmental stand- radioactive material In effluentsreleased activity in effluents as low as prac- ard hereafter established by EPA, the to Unrestricted areas. The guidance ticable: whether the guidance should AEC will modify these objectives -and would be specifically applicable only to be expressed in terms of waste treatment limits as necessary.
light-water-cooled nuclear power reac- equipment requirements and perform- The proposed guides for design obJec- tors and would not necessarily be appro- ance specifications or numerical criteria tives and limiting conditions for opera- priate for other types of nuclear power on quantities and concentrations released tion for light-water-wooled nuclear power reactors and other kinds of nuclear to the environment; and to suggest what facilities. equipment or numerical criteria would reactors are consistpnt with the basic radiation protection standards and As noted in the Statement of Consid- be appropriate at this time. guides recommended by the Internatiroal eraUons accompanying the amendments Generally. the participants favored Commission on Radiological Protection to Part 50 published in the PAmESAL RZo- numerical criteria. Views were expressed (ICIRP). the National Cotmcil on Ra- ISTER on December 3. 1970, the Com- that the criteria should be derived from diation Protection and Measurements mission has always subscribed to the potential doses to people or in the form (NCRP), and the Federal Radiation general principle t?'Rt. within e(tablished of quantities andbconcentrations of radio- Council (FRC). (The functions of the radiation protection guides, .radiatign active material emitted to the environ- FRC were transestsd to' the Environ- exposures to the public should be kept ment. Some opinions were expressed that mental Protection Agency pursuant to as low as practicable. This general prin- present technolog Oincluding recent im- ReorganizaHion Plan Not 3 of 1970.)
ciple has been a central one in the field provements) is such that light-water- These standards form the basis for the of radiation protection for many years. cooled nuclear power reactors can be f'ommlssion's regulation. 10 CPR Pr rt Operating licenses include provisions to designed to keep exposures to the public 20, "Standards for Protection Against limit and control radioactive eMuents in the offsite environment within a few from the plants. Experience has shown percent of exposures from natural back- RadLaton,". ru this regzad the NCRP
that licenseep have generally kept ex- ground radiation. ed an Jpzuuy 26, 1971. the re-
- anno posures to radiation and releases of The participanta also at'aeed the im- esm at NC(P Report Wo. 30, ,%selo radioactivity in effluents to levels well portance of oeperang flexibilty to take Radiation Pioteatko Crktteia'% The below the limits specified in 1O cpR Part into account unu l condtions of opera- IOMP noted Uzat a 10-yiar study by the
100
Appendix 4. Proposed Appendix I of 10 CFR Part 50 (Continued)
Council has confirmed the validity of areas as low as practicable will be speci- come into contact, air travel, and from most of the basic radiation protection fied for otiher types of nuclear power many activities commonly engaged in by criteria presently used by governmental reactors on a case-by-case basis. the public.
agencies to regulate the exposure of the Neither would the guides necessarily Specific provLsons of guides for design population and of radiation workers. The be appropriate for controlling levels of dose limits for Individual members of objeciers. The proposed guides for radi- radioactivity in effluents from other kinds oactive materials in liquid effluents the public remain at 0.5 rem per year of nuclear facilities such as fuel reproc- would specify limitations on annual and the yearly dose limit of 0.17 rem per essing plants, fuel fabrication plants, or person averaged over the population is radioisotope processing plants where the total quantities of radioactive material, except tritium. "nd annual average con- unchanged. The.e limits are compatible design -haracteristics of the plant and centrations of radioactive material Il with the limits and guides recommended nature of operations Involve different effluent. prior to dilution In a natural by the ICRP and the, FT0 and apply considerations. The Commission is giving body of water, released by each light- to exposures from all sources other further consideration to appropriate water-cooled nuclear )ower reactor at a than medical procedures and natural amendments to its regulations to specify site. The release of the concentrations background. design objectives and limiting conditions and total quantity of radioactive mate- The NCRP-1CRP-FRC recommended for operation to minimize levels of radio- rial from a site at these levels is not likely limits and guides give appropriate con- activlty released in the operation of to result in exposures to the whole body sideration to the overall reqilirements of other types of licensed facilities such as 3r any organ of an Individual in the off- health protection and the Iriieficial use reactor fuel reprocessing plants.
of radiation and atomic energy. Any site environment in excess of 5 millirenis.
E.xpected consequences of guides for In deriving the guides on design objec- biological effects that may occur at the design objectives. The proposed guides low levels of the limits and gijdes occur tive quantities and concentrations, con- for design objectives for light-water- servative assumptions have been made so infrequently that they cannot be de- cooled nuclear power reartors have been tected with existing techniques. The on dilution factors, physical, and biologi- selected primarily on thu basis that ex- cal concentration factors in the food standards setting groups have added to isting technclngy makes it feasible to the numerical guidance the general chain, dietary intakes and other per- design and operate light-water-cooled tinent factors to relate quantities re- admonition that all radiation exposure nuclear power reactors within the guides.
should be held to lowest practicable level. leased to exposures offsitc.
The design objectives are expressed in The proposed guides foi design objec- This admonition takes into account that terms of guides for limiting the number generally applicable standnrds or rules tives for radioactive materials in gas- of quantiaes and for limiting concentra- eous effluents would limit the total quan- establL'dted to cover many situations tions of radioactive materials in effluents, must necessarily be set at a higher level tity of radioactive material relefsed front It is expected that conformance with the a site to the offslte environment so that than may be justifled in any given indi- guides on design objectives would achieve vidual situcation. annual average exposure rates due to the following results: noble gases at any location on the bound- The acceptability of a given level of exposure for a particular activity can be 1. Provide reasonable assurance that r.ry of the site or in the offsite environ- determined only by giving due regard annual exposures to individuals living ment would not be likely to exceed 10
to the reasons for pet %ittingthe ex- near the boundary of a site where one or millirems. Annual average concentra- posure. This means that, within the basic more light-water-cooled nuclear power tions at any location on the boundary of standards of FRC. NCRP, and ICRP, dif- reactors are located, from radioactivity a site or in the offsite environment from ferent limitations on exposure levels are released in either liquid or gaseous efflu- radioactive lodines or radioactive mate- appropriato for various types of activities ents from all such reactors, will gen- rial in paxticulate form would be limited depending upon the circumstances. A erally be less than about 5 percent of to specified values.
level that is practicable for one type of average exposures from natural back- The proposed guides for design objec- activity may not be practicable for a dif- ground radiation.1 This level of exposure tive concentrations specified for radio- ferent type of activity. is about I percent of Federal radiation active iodines or radioactive material In The proposed guides for design objec- protection guides for individual members particulate form would include a reduc- tives and limitations on operations set of the public. tion factor of 100,000 for Part 20 con- forthebelow %puld be specifically appli- 2. Provide reasonable assurance that centration values In air that would allow cable to light-water-cooled nuclear power annual exposures to sizeable population for possible exposures from certain radi- reactors. Light-water-cooled nuclear groups from radioactivity released in oactive materials that may be concen- power reactors are the only type of power either liquid or gaseous effluents from all trated in the food chain. Resultant reactors that are being installed in rela- light-water-cooled nuclear power reac- exposures to individuals offsite would not tively large numbers and on which there tors on all sites in the United States for be expected to exceed 5 millirems per is substantial operating experience In the the foreseeable future will generally be year. The reduction factor would include United States, The guides would not less than about I percent of exposures a 1.000 factor by which the maximum necessarily be appropriate for control- from natural background radiation. This permissible concentration of radioactive ing levels of radioactivity in effluents from level of exposure is also less than I per- iodine in air should be reduced to allow other. types of nuclear power reactors. cent of Federal radiation protection for the milk exposure pathway. "'ltls On the basis of present information on guides for the average population dose. factor of 1,000 has been derived for radio- the technology of these other types of These levels of exposure would be in- active iodine, taking into account the reactors, it is expected that releases of distinguishable from exposures due to milk pathway. However, it has been ar- radioactivity in effluents can generally be variation In natural background radia- bitrarily applied to radionuclides of kept within the proposed guides for tion, would not be measurable with exist- iodinn and to all radionuclides in partic- light-water-cooled nuclear power reac- ing techniques. and would be estimated ulate form with a half-life greater than tors. The Commission plans to develop from effluent data from nuclear power 8 days. The factor is not appropriate for numerical guides on levels of radioac- plants by calculational techniques. These iodine where milk is not a pathway of tivity in efluents that may be considered levels of exposure are obviously very low exposure or for other radionuclides un- as low as practicable for other types of in comparison with the much higher ex- der any actual conditions of exposure.
nuclear power reactors such as gas cooled posures incurred by the public from The factor is highly conservative for and fast breeder reactors as adequate de- niatural background due to cosmic radia- radionuclides other than iodine and is sign and operating experience is ac- tion, natural radioactivity in the body applied only because it appears feasible quired. In the meantime, design objec- and In all materials with which people to meet these very low levels. The speci- tives and technical specifications for lim- fied annual average exposure rates of 10
iting conditions for operation to carry millirems from noble gases and specified Average exposures due to natural back- out the purposes of 'keeping levels of ground radiation In the United States are concentrations of radiolodines and par- radioactivity in effluents to unrestricted In the range of I00-125 tillilrems per year. ticulates at any location on the boundary
101
Appendix 4. Proposed Appendix I of 10 CFR Part 50 (Continued)
'4 of the site or in the offsite environment erage exposures to large population of this notice in the FZZZRAL REGIsTER.
provide reasonable awurance that actual groups would be less than 1 nllUrem per Comments and suggestions received after annual exposures to the whole body or year. that period will be considered if It is prac- any organ of an lndividyal member of ticable to do so, but assurance of con- the public will not exceed 5 milllrem.. Guides on technical specification. lim- sideation cannot be given except as to iting conditions for operation. The pro- comments filed within the period speci- The proposed guides for design oblec- posed guidance would include provisions tives would provide that an applicant fied, Copies of comments received may be for developing technical specifications examined in the Commission's Public for a permit to construct a light-water- with respect to limiting conditions for cooled nuclear power.reactor at a par- Document Room at 1717 H Street NW.,
operation to control radioactivity in ef- Washington. D.C.
ticular site could propose design obJec- fluents from llght-water-cooled nuclear tive quantities and concentrations. in 1. Section 50.34a of 10 CFR Part 50 Is power reactors during normal operations. amended by adding the following sen- effluents higher than Uiose specified in The technical specifications would be In- the guides. The Commission would ap- cluded as conditions in operating li- tence at the end of paragraph (a) :
prove the design objectives If the appli- censes. These provisions are designed to § 30.34a Design objeciives fur equip- cant provided reasonable assurance that, assure that reasonable efforts are made msnt to control releases of radio- taking Into account the environmental to keep actual releases of radioactivity in active materiul in e4rluenlo---nuclcur characteristics of the site, the concentra- effluents during operation to levels that power reactors.
tions and total quantity of radioactive are within the guides on design objective material released by all light-water- (a) I I
- The guides set out in Ap- quantities and concentrations. It is ex- pendix I provide numerical guidance on cooled nuclear power reactors at the site pected that actual levels of radioactivity design objectives for light-water-cooled in either liquid or gaseous efluents would in efiluents will normally be within the not result in actual exposures to the nuclear power reactors to meet the re- design objective levels. It is necessary, quirement that radioactive material In whole body or any organ of an Individual however, that nuclear power reactors de- In the offalte environment in excess of 5 effluents released to unrestricted areas be signed for generating electricity have a kept "as low as practicable."
millireins per year. high degree of reliability. Operating flex- The proposed guides for design objec- ibility is needed to take into account tives. (expressed as quantities and con- some variation in the small quantities of 2. Section 50.36a of 10 CFR Part 50 is centrations in emuents) for light-water- radioactivity that leak from fuel ele- amended by adding the following sen- cooled. nuclear power reactors are ments which may, on a transient basis. tence at the end of paragraph (b) :
sufficiently conservative to provide rea- result In levels of radioactivity in efflu- § 50.36a Technical specifications on er- sonable assurance that, for most ents In excess of the design objective fluenis from nuclear power reactors.
locations having environmental char- quantities and concentrations.
acteristics likely to be considered ac- The proposed guidance would provide ceptable by the Commission for a nuclear (b) The guides set out in Ap- power rc -.ctor site. Increases in radiation operating flexibility and at the same time pendix I provide numerical guidance on assure a positive system of control, by a limiting conditions for operation for exposures to individual members of the graded scale of action by the licensee, to public living- at the site boundary, due light-water-cooled nuclear power re- to radioactive material In either liquid or reduce releases of radioactivity if rates of actors to meet. the requirement that release actually experienced, averaged radioactive materials in effluents released gaseous effluents from operation of lighxt- over any calendar quarter, are such that water-cooled nuclear power reactors at to unrestricted areas be kept "as low as the site, will generally be less than 5 the quantities or concentrations In efflu- practicable."
millirems per year and average exposures ents would be likely to exceed twice the 3. A new Appendix I is added to read to sizeable population groups will gen- design objective quantities and concen- as follows:
erally be less than I millirem per year. trations. The proposed Appendix I would Arrsmnax T-NUMUICAL OVgxoa Von DJraIGN
Nevertheless, the guides provide that the provide that the Commission may take OagZCTntl AND LiirrmNo o(oovmOs wsai Commission may specify, as design ob- appropriate action to assure that release OPZAAATO H To Mfi=r Tri Car'stom "As Low Jectives, quantities and concentrations rates are reduced if rates of release of AS PRAcnCMILZ" VOR RIO31oACTSSU LAM'rSAL
of radioactive material above backgrotmd quantities and concentrations in effluents rN Ltoarr-WAza&-Cooro, NuCmA PowZa actually experienced, averaged over any RxAcTon ErnLwevra In either liquid or gaseous effluents to be calendar quarter, indicate that annual released to uwzestricted areas that are SzcrtoN I. Introduction. Section 50.34a(a)
lower than the specified quantities and rates of release are likely to exceed is provides that an application for a permit to concentrations if it appears that for a range of 4-8 times the design objective construct a nuclear power reactor shall in- quantities and concentrations. Release clude a description of the preliminary design particular site the specified quantities of equipment to be installed to maintain and concentrations are likely to result in rates within this range would be expected to keep the annual exposure rate to indi- control over radioactive materials in gaseous annual exposures to an individual that and liquid emuents produced during normal would exceed 5 mlli ems. viduals offsite within a range of 20-40 reactor operations, including expected op- ttnems per year during the quarterly erational occurrences. In the case of an ap- Conformance with the proposed guides period. In the proposed guidance on tech- for design objective quantities and conr- plioUtion filed on or After January 2, 1971, the nical specifications, provision would be application must also identify the design centrations in effluents would provide made for an appropriate period of time objectives. and the means to be employed.
reasonable assurance that the resultant for all licensees of light-water-cooled for keeping levels of radioactive material whole body dose to the total populafon nuclear power reactors to implement the in effluents to unrestricted areas "as low as exposed would be les than about 400 guidance with respect to facility practicable".
man-rein ' per Year per 1,000 megawatts Section 50.lO6. contains provisions designed operation. to assure that releases of radioactivity from electrical installed nuclear generating Pursuant to the Atomic Energy Act of nuclear power reactors to unrestriated areas capacity at a site from radioactive mate- 1954, as amended, and section 553 of title during normal reactor operations, including rial in liquid and gaseous effluents. Av- 5 of the United States Code, nutice is expected operational occurrences, are kept hereby given that adoption of the follow- "as low as practicable".
Ing amendment to 10 CFR Part 50 is con- This appendix provides numerical guid.
I A useful measure of the total exposure ance on design objectives and limiting condi- of a large number of persons Is the man-rem. templated. All Interested persons who tions for operation to asaet applicants for.
The exposure of any group of persons mens- wish to msbmit oanmenta or auggestions and holders of, licenses for light-water- ured in man-re-ms is the product ot the num. in connection with the Proposed amend- cooled nuclear power resctors in meeting'the ber of persons In the group tim the avrage ment should send them to the Secretary requirement that radioaetive material in exposure In reme of the mamber of the of the Commrlsslo. U.S Atomic Energy efluewt released frmn those fseitlties to un- StoIp, Thus, it seeh .mai- at a popul.- restrieted Areas be kept "a low as pms.-
tsiON of ItmilluonM peopl were exposed Commission, Washington. D.C., 20545, tiale". This guidance is appropriate only to 0.001 rem, (i millirem), the total rma.rem Attention: Chief, Public Proceedinag for light-water-eooled nuclear power reactors exposure would be 1,000 man-rem. Branch, within 60 days after publication and not for other types of nuclear facillties.
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Appendix 4. Proposed Appendix I of 10 CFR Part 50 (Continued)
SEc. II. Guides on design objectires for higlier than Lhos, rpeclfled In those parn- eftluents to unrestricted areas as low as light-water-cooled nuclear power reactors graphs may be deemed to meet the require- prscticable.
licensed under 10 CFR Part So. The guides ment for keeping levels of redioactive =ao- Section 50.30a(b) provides that licensees for design objectives (expressed as quantities tertal In efltuenit to unrestricted Areas as low shall be guided by cert&tn conalderattons in and conoentratlons of radioactve material as practicable If the applicant provides rea- establishing an F.tvnnomenting operating in effluents) for light-water-cooled nuclear sonable asat.ance that: procodure" that take into account the need power reactors specified in paragraphs A and 1. pof radioactive material above back- for operating flexibility while at the amnie IJ of this section are suficlently conservative ground in liquid effluents to be released to time assure that the licensee will exert his to provide reasonable assurance that, for unrestricted areas by all light-water-cooled best effort to keep levels of radioactive ma- most locations having environmental char- nuclear power reactors at a site, the pro- tertal in effluents ts low as practicable. The acteristlcs likely to be considered acceptable poed higher qunntil.iea or coneentrations8 guidance set forth below provides more spe- by the Commission for a nuclear power re- will not result In annual exposures to tihe chfIc guida.nce to iiceiuseeu In this re..pecl.
actor site, resultant increases In radiation whole body or any organ o1 an individual II In using the guides set forth in section'
expcsures tn individual members of the pub- excess of 5 millirems: - and IV It Is expected that it should generally lie living at the site boundary, dud to opera- 2. For radLoctlive noble gases and lodlilLes be feasible to keep average annual releases tiont of light-water-cooled nuclear power re- and radloactive kr.aterial in particulate form of radioActive niatcrial il effluents front actors at the site, will generally be less than above background In gansous eflluents to be Ilght-water-cooled nuclear power renclor
5 percent of exposures due to natural back- released to unrestricted areas by all light- within the levels set forth as numerlcal ground radiation and average exposures to water-cooled nuclear power reactors at a site. guides for design objectives In section ii silzeible population groups will generally be the proposed higher quantities and concen- above. At the saame time, the lirensee is per- less than I percent of exposures due to nat- trations wtil no!. result tn Annual expokuires mitted the flexlbility of operation, conmpatible ural background radiation. The guides on to the whole body or any organ of All indi- with considerAtLions of health And safety, to design objectives for light-water-cooled vldual in excess of 5 niflliremns. assure that the public Is provided a depend- nuclear power reactors set forth in para- Dr Notwithstanding the guidance in panM- able rource of po0wer even under utusu:al graphs A and B of this section may be Used graphs A. B, and C above, for a particular site operating conditions which nmay temporarily by an applicant for a permit to construct the Commission may specify, as guldance oil result In releases higher than such numerical a llight-water-cooled ruclear power rewctor design objectives, lower qu.lttititis and con- guides for design objectives, but still Within as guidance in meeting the requirements of centrationa of radloact*'e material above i-veis tentt assure that actual expm'*lret to I 50.34a(a) that applications filed after Jan- background in effluents to be rele&%ed tl un- the pUblic are small fractions of naltiral tary 2. 107t. Identity the design objectives, restricted areas If it appears that the use of background radiation. It is expected that ut and the means to be employed, for keeping the design objectives deecribed in thoGe para- using this operational flexibility under tun- levels of radioactive material in effluents to graphs is likely to result In releases of total usual operating conditions, the Il'ensee will unrestricted areas as low as practicable. n quantities of radioactive material from all exert his beat efforts to keep levels of rnidl)-
A* For radioactive m.-terial above back- lIght-water-cooled nuclear power reactors at active material in effluentst wit' in the nu- ground In liquid effluents to be released to the alte that are eStimated to ca**e an An- merical guides for design objectives.
unrestricted areas by each light-water-cooled nual exposure in excess of 5 miliLrems to the SEc. TV, Gu:des for limiting conditions for nuclear power reactor at a site:. whole body or any organ of an Individual in opcration for light-urafer-cooled nuclear I. The estimated annual total quantity of the offeite environment from radioactive " a- power reactors. A. If rates of release of radio- radioactive mterlal, except tritium. should terial above background in either llqtti,, or Active materials In effluents from liglht- not exceed 5 curies; and gaseous effluents. water-cooled nuclear power reactors actually
2. The estimated annual average concen- SEc. III. Guides on technical specifLaftions experienced, avernged over any calendar tr&Uon of radioactive material prior to dilu- for limiting conditions for operation for quarter, are such that the estimated anntal tion in a natural body of wa.er, except trtt- light-water-cooled nuclear power reactors quantities or concentrations of radioactive ism, should not exceed 0.00002 microcrie licensed under 10 CFR Part 50. The Ftddes on material in effluents are likely to exceed
(20 ploocturies) per lilta; and limiting conditions for operation for light- twice the desIgn objective quantities and S. The esttloated annual average concen- water-cooled nuclear power reactors set forth concentrations set forth in section If above, tratlon of tritium prior to dilution in a nat- below may be used by an applicant for a the licernee should:
ural body of water should not exceed 0.005 license to operate a light-water-cooled nu- I. make an investigation to Identify the mlrerocurle (s.0p0 picocuries) per i:ter. clear power reactor as guidance in develop- causes for such release rates; and B. For radlo.ictlve material above back- ground In gaseous effluents, the estimated ing technical specifications under I 50.3ia(a) 2. define and Initiate a program of action total quantities Of radioactive material to be to keep levels of radioactive materials In to reduce such release rates to the design released to unrestricted areas by all light- levels; and water-cooled nuclear power reactors at a site 3. report these actions to the Commislson should not result in: 'For purposes of the guides in Appendix I. on a timely basis.
i. An annusl average exposure rate due to exposure of members of the public should be B. If rates of release of radioactive ma- estimated from distributions In the envIron- terial In liquid or gaseous effluents actually noble goses at any location on the boundary ment of radioactive material released In efu- experienced, averaged over any calendar of the site or in the ofslte environment In ents, For estimates of external exposure the quarter, are such that estimated annual excess of 10 mllIlrems:; and rem may be considered equivalent to the rad; quantities or concentrations of radioactive and account should be taken of the aPpro- material in effluents are likely to exceed a
2. Annual average concentrations at any priate physical paraet-ers (energy of radia- range of 4-8 times the design objective location on the boundary of the aste or In tion, absorption coefficients, etc.. Estimates quantitles and concentrations set forth In the offAtte environment of radioactive lodines. of internal dose commitment. In terms of section TI above.6 the Commission will take or ,mddtoaetve material in Prt~culate form the common unit of dose equivalence (rem). appropriate action to assure that such re- with a half-life greater than 8 dais, in ex- should be generally consistent with the con- lease rates ere reduced. (Section 50,360(a)
oem of the coneentirsons In air specified in ventions or assumptions for cslcutlatlonal (2) requires the licensee to submit certain Appendi.x B, Table If, Column I, of 10 CFR purposes moat recently pubuahed by the In- reports to the Commission with regard to the Part 20. divided by 100,000. tornatlonal Commiesion on Radiological Pro- quantities of the principal radionuelides C. Notwithstanding the guidance in Para- tectlon which apply directly to intakes of r-eleased to unrestricted areas. It also pro- graphs A and B above, design objectives, radioactive material from air and water, and vides that, on the basis of such reports and based on quantities and ooncentlatione of those appljcable to water may be applied to any additional information the Conuntsslon radioactive material shove background in Intakes from food. These conventiOns or a- gumptdons should be used for calculations of may obtain from the licenene and others, eMuents to be released to Unrestricted areas, dose equivalence except for exposures due to the commission may from time to time strontium-89, strontfuln-90, or radionu¢.lldee require the licensee to take Such ac~lon as a An exposure rate such that a hypothetical of Iodine. For those radionuclides the blologi- the Commission deems appropriate.)
individual contlnuously present In the open cal and physical a-umptions of FRC Report C. The guides for limiting conditions for at any location on the boundary of the site No. 2 should be used. It is assumed that an- nual average concentrations of radioactive operation described In paragraphs A and D
or In the offslte environment would not In- cur a&enrnual exposure in exc-e of 6 mlli- iodine in the environment, as listed in Part of this section are applicable to technical rems.Thita neglects the reduction in the 20, Appendix B, Table Il, would result In exposures to & real Individual that would annual doses of 1.5 rems to the thyTroid aind the concentration of stront-ium-89 or siren ' Release ;%tes within thou range would be be afforded by the distanCe from the site expected to keep the annual exposure rate bounda*Tat which the Individual is loeated, tiurn-90 would result in annual doses of 0.5 rem to the bone. Exposure to the whole body to individuals offalte within a range of 20-
shieldg provided by living indoors and 40 mnrems per year during this quarterly petioda e1 time the tIndtvidual in not prest should be assessed as exposur. to the gonads or red bone marrow. period.
in the area.
I 103
r Appendix 4. Proposed Appendix Ilof 10 CFR Part 50 (Continued)
epecificatUona Includcd In any license au- ficaUtons should be developed to carry out (Sec. 161, 08 Brat. 948: 42 UA.B. 2201)
thornzing operation of a light-water-cooled the purpom of keeping levels of rs~dilontlve nuclear power reactor constructed pursuant material In effluents to unrestricted arem Dated at Weahlngton. D.C., this 4th day of June 1971.
1 to a construction permit for which applica- as low as practicable. In any event, all holders tion was fied on or Mter January 2, 1971. of licenses authorizing operation of a light- For the Atomic Energy Commission, Fotr lght-water-cooled nuclear power reactors water-cooled nuclear power reoactor ehould, constructed pursuant to a construction per- L after (36 months from effective date of this W. B. MCCOOL,
mit for which application was filed prior to guide). develop technical specifications In Secrctary of the Commission.
January 2, 1971, appropriate technical &peel. conformity with the guides of this Section. IFit Doc.71-8049 Ilied 0-8-71:8:51 amn
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