Regulatory Guide 1.97

Rev. 4, Criteria for Accident Monitoring Instrumentation for Nuclear Power Plants (Formerly Draft Regulatory Guide DG-1128, Dated September 2005)

ML061580448
Person / Time
Issue date:	06/30/2006
From:	Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research
To:
Marcus, B.S., Wilson A.A., Tartal G.M.
References
DG-1128 RG-1.097, Rev 4
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The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) issues regulatory guides to describe and make available to the public methods that the NRC staff considers acceptable for use in implementing specific parts of the agencys regulations, techniques that the staff uses in evaluating specific problems or postulated accidents, and data that the staff need in reviewing applications for permits and licenses. Regulatory guides are not substitutes for regulations, and compliance with them is not required. Methods and solutions that differ from those set forth in regulatory guides will be deemed acceptable if they provide a basis for the findings required for the issuance or continuance of a permit or license by the Commission.

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at http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/adams.html, under Accession No. ML061580448.

U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION

Revision 4 June 2006 REGULATORY GUIDE

OFFICE OF NUCLEAR REGULATORY RESEARCH

REGULATORY GUIDE 1.97 (Draft was issued as DG-1128, dated June 2005)

CRITERIA FOR ACCIDENT MONITORING INSTRUMENTATION

FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS

A. INTRODUCTION

The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) developed this regulatory guide to describe a method that the NRC staff considers acceptable for use in complying with the agencys regulations with respect to satisfying criteria for accident monitoring instrumentation in nuclear power plants. Specifically, the method described in this regulatory guide relates to General Design Criteria 13, 19, and 64, as set forth in Appendix A

to Title 10, Part 50, of the Code of Federal Regulations (10 CFR Part 50), Domestic Licensing of Production and Utilization Facilities:

Criterion 13, Instrumentation and Control, requires operating reactor licensees to provide instrumentation to monitor variables and systems over their anticipated ranges for accident conditions as appropriate to ensure adequate safety.

Criterion 19, Control Room, requires operating reactor licensees to provide a control room from which actions can be taken to maintain the nuclear power unit in a safe condition under accident conditions, including loss-of-coolant accidents (LOCAs). In addition, operating reactor licensees must provide equipment (including the necessary instrumentation), at appropriate locations outside the control room, with a design capability for prompt hot shutdown of the reactor.

Criterion 64, Monitoring Radioactivity Releases, requires operating reactor licensees to provide the means for monitoring the reactor containment atmosphere, spaces containing components to recirculate LOCA

fluids, effluent discharge paths, and the plant environs for radioactivity that may be released as a result of postulated accidents.

1 IEEE publications may be purchased from the IEEE Service Center, which is located at 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08855 phone (800) 678-4333.

2 The terms new nuclear power plant and new plant refer to any nuclear power plant for which the licensee obtained an operating license after the NRC issued Revision 4 of Regulatory Guide 1.97. The terms current operating reactor and current plant refer to any nuclear power plant for which the licensee obtained an operating license before the NRC issued Revision 4 of Regulatory Guide 1.97.

3 Copies are available at current rates from the U.S. Government Printing Office, P.O. Box 37082, Washington, DC

20402-9328 [telephone (202) 512-1800], or from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161 telephone (703) 487-4650. Copies are available for inspection or copying for a fee from the NRCs Public Document Room (PDR), which is located at 11555 Rockville Pike, Rockville, Maryland; the PDRs mailing address is USNRC PDR, Washington, DC 20555-000

1. The PDR

can also be reached by telephone at (301) 415-4737 or (800) 397-4205, by fax at (301) 415-3548, and by email to PDR@nrc.gov.

RG 1.97, Rev. 4, Page 2 In addition, Subsection (2)(xix) of 10 CFR 50.34(f), Additional TMI-Related Requirements, requires operating reactor licensees to provide adequate instrumentation for use in monitoring plant conditions following an accident that includes core damage.

This revision of Regulatory Guide 1.97 represents an ongoing evolution in the nuclear industrys thinking and approaches with regard to accident monitoring systems for the Nations nuclear power plants. Specifically, this revision endorses (with certain clarifying regulatory positions specified in Section C of this guide) the IEEE Standard Criteria for Accident Monitoring Instrumentation for Nuclear Power Generating Stations, which the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

promulgated as IEEE Std. 497-2002.1 This revised regulatory guide is intended for licensees of new nuclear power plants.2 Previous revisions of this regulatory guide remain in effect for licensees of current operating reactors,2 who are unaffected by this revision. (See the discussion of regulatory position #1 in Section C of this guide regarding the applicability of IEEE Std. 497-2002 for current operating reactors.)

In general, information provided by regulatory guides is reflected in the NRCs Standard Review Plan for the Review of Safety Analysis Reports for Nuclear Power Plants (NUREG-0800).3 The NRCs Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation (NRR) uses the Standard Review Plan (SRP) to review applications to construct and operate nuclear power plants. Chapter 7, Instrumentation and Controls, and its Branch Technical Position HICB-10, Guidance on Application of Regulatory Guide 1.97, of the SRP will require updates for consistency with this revision of Regulatory Guide 1.97.

Any information collections mentioned in this regulatory guide are established as requirements in 10 CFR Part 50, which provides the regulatory basis for this guide. The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has approved those information collection requirements under OMB control number

3150-0011. The NRC may neither conduct nor sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a request for information or an information collection requirement unless the requesting document displays a currently valid OMB control number.

4 Copies may be obtained from the American Nuclear Society, which is located at 555 North Kensington Avenue, La Grange Park, Illinois 60525 phone (708) 352-6611.

5 IEEE publications may be purchased from the IEEE Service Center, which is located at 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08855 phone (800) 678-4333.

6 Copies are available at current rates from the U.S. Government Printing Office, P.O. Box 37082, Washington, DC

20402-9328 [telephone (202) 512-1800], or from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161 telephone (703) 487-4650. Copies are available for inspection or copying for a fee from the NRCs Public Document Room (PDR), which is located at 11555 Rockville Pike, Rockville, Maryland; the PDRs mailing address is USNRC PDR, Washington, DC 20555-0001. The PDR can also be reached by telephone at (301) 415-4737 or (800) 397-4205, by fax at (301) 415-3548, and by email to PDR@nrc.gov.

RG 1.97, Rev. 4, Page 3

B. DISCUSSION

In the aftermath of the accident at Three Mile Island, Unit 2 (TMI-2), in 1979, the United States adopted a more rigorous approach for accident monitoring systems, which resulted in three major sources of related requirements:

(1)

ANSI/ANS-4.5-1980, Criteria for Accident Monitoring Functions in Light-Water-Cooled Reactors,4 delineated criteria for determining the variables that the control room operator should monitor to ensure safety during an accident and the subsequent long-term stable shutdown phase. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) promulgated this standard, which was developed by the American Nuclear Society (ANS) Standards Committee, Subcommittee ANS-4, Writing Group 4.5. In so doing, ANSI and ANS sought to address (1) instrumentation that permits operators to monitor expected parameter changes during an accident, and (2) extended- range instrumentation deemed appropriate for previously unforeseen events. As the source for specific instrumentation design criteria, ANSI/ANS-4.5-1980 referenced the draft IEEE Std. 497-1977, IEEE Trial-Use Standard Criteria for Accident Monitoring Instrumentation for Nuclear Power Generating Stations,5 which IEEE subsequently issued as IEEE Std. 497-1981.5

(2)

IEEE Std. 497-1981, IEEE Standard Criteria for Accident Monitoring Instrumentation for Nuclear Power Generating Stations, provided the relevant instrumentation design criteria.

(3)

Revision 3 of Regulatory Guide 1.97, Instrumentation for Light-Water-Cooled Nuclear Power Plants To Assess Plant and Environs Conditions During and Following an Accident,6 dated May 1983, prescribed a detailed list of variables to monitor, and specified a comprehensive list of design and qualification criteria to be met.

Given its prescriptive nature, Revision 3 of Regulatory Guide 1.97 quickly became the de facto standard for accident monitoring, and both ANSI/ANS-4.5-1980 and IEEE Std. 497-1981 fell out of use and were subsequently withdrawn as active standards. Nonetheless, Revision 3 of Regulatory Guide 1.97 has become outdated, in that it does not provide criteria for advanced instrumentation system designs based on modern digital technology. Revision 3 also does not address the need for technology-neutral guidance for licensing new plants. In addition, the guidance should be less prescriptive and based on the accident management functions of the individual variable types.

7 IEEE publications may be purchased from the IEEE Service Center, which is located at 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08855 phone (800) 678-4333.

8 Copies are available at current rates from the U.S. Government Printing Office, P.O. Box 37082, Washington, DC

20402-9328 [telephone (202) 512-1800], or from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161 telephone (703) 487-4650. Copies are available for inspection or copying for a fee from the NRCs Public Document Room (PDR), which is located at 11555 Rockville Pike, Rockville, Maryland; the PDRs mailing address is USNRC PDR, Washington, DC 20555-000

1. The PDR

can also be reached by telephone at (301) 415-4737 or (800) 397-4205, by fax at (301) 415-3548, and by email to PDR@nrc.gov.

RG 1.97, Rev. 4, Page 4 With the increased use of digital instrumentation systems in advanced nuclear power plant designs, the nuclear industry came to recognize a need to develop a consolidated standard that was more flexible than Revision 3 of Regulatory Guide 1.97. Instead of prescribing the instrument variables to be monitored (as was the case in Revision 3), the industry recognized the advantage of providing performance-based criteria for use in selecting variables. Similarly, rather than providing design and qualification criteria for each variable category, the industry sought to standardize the criteria based on the accident management functions of the given type of variable. These efforts resulted in the development of IEEE Std. 497-2002, IEEE Standard Criteria for Accident Monitoring Instrumentation for Nuclear Power Generating Stations,7 by the IEEE Power Engineering Society, Nuclear Power Engineering Committee, Subcommittee 6, Working Group 6.1, Post-Accident Monitoring.

Unlike its predecessor, IEEE Std. 497-2002 establishes flexible, performance-based criteria for the selection, performance, design, qualification, display and quality assurance of accident monitoring variables. As such, these variables are the operators primary sources of accident monitoring information.

In some instances, additional variables which provide backup or diagnostic information may exist;

however, these backup and diagnostic variables, which are not considered primary sources of information, need not be classified in accordance with the variable types in IEEE Std. 497-2002, and they need not meet the criteria in this guide.

Clause 8.1.2 of IEEE Std. 497-2002 cites several industry codes and standards for human factors criteria. The NRC provides additional guidance in NUREG-0700, Human-System Interface Design Review Guideline: Review Methodology and Procedures8; NUREG-0711, Human Factors Engineering Program Review Model8; and Chapter 18, Human Factors Engineering,of the NRCs Standard Review Plan (NUREG-0800).8

9 Copies are available at current rates from the U.S. Government Printing Office, P.O. Box 37082, Washington, DC

20402-9328 [telephone (202) 512-1800], or from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161 telephone (703) 487-4650. Copies are available for inspection or copying for a fee from the NRCs Public Document Room (PDR), which is located at 11555 Rockville Pike, Rockville, Maryland; the PDRs mailing address is USNRC PDR, Washington, DC 20555-000

1. The PDR

can also be reached by telephone at (301) 415-4737 or (800) 397-4205, by fax at (301) 415-3548, and by email to PDR@nrc.gov.

RG 1.97, Rev. 4, Page 5 Clause 6.2 of IEEE Std. 497-2002 states, in part, that the use of identical software in redundant instrumentation channels is acceptable, provided that the licensee conducts an analysis to demonstrate defense-in-depth against common-mode software failure. The NRC provides related guidance in Branch Technical Position HICB-19, Guidance for Evaluation of Defense-in-Depth and Diversity in Digital Computer-Based Instrumentation and Control Systems,9 as detailed in Chapter 7 of the NRCs Standard Review Plan (NUREG-0800).

In addition, IEEE Std. 497-2002 includes two informative annexes:

Annex A provides general guidance regarding Accident Monitoring Instrument Channel Accuracy. In that annex, Clause A.2 provides guidance on accuracy requirement groupings according to how control room personnel should use the displayed functions, while Clause A.3 provides typical accuracy requirements. Specifically, Clause A.3 states, in part, Historically, the required accuracy for instrument channels relied upon to monitor containment pressure and hydrogen concentration has been +/-10 percent of full span. However, the NRC staff notes that this example may not be applicable to all nuclear power plants. Traditionally, the required accuracy of accident monitoring instrument channels is established based on the assigned function and the plants safety analysis and licensing basis.

Annex B, Bibliography, lists the references cited in the standard, and provides sufficient detail for users to obtain further information regarding specific aspects of the standard.

RG 1.97, Rev. 4, Page 6

C. REGULATORY POSITION

This regulatory guide endorses IEEE Std. 497-2002, IEEE Standard Criteria for Accident Monitoring Instrumentation for Nuclear Power Generating Stations, as an acceptable method for providing instrumentation to monitor variables for accident conditions, subject to the following regulatory positions:

(1)

If a current operating reactor licensee voluntarily converts to the criteria in Revision 4 of this guide, the licensee should perform the conversion on the plants entire accident monitoring program to ensure a complete analysis. If the licensee voluntarily uses the criteria in Revision 4 of this guide to perform modifications that do not involve a conversion, the licensee should first perform an analysis to determine the complete list of accident monitoring variables and their associated types in accordance with the selection criteria in Revision 4.

Regulatory position #1 clarifies the applicability of IEEE Std. 497-2002 for current operating reactors. Clause 1.1 of IEEE Std. 497-2002 states that the standard is intended for new plants, although current plants may find its guidance useful in performing design-basis evaluations or implementing design modifications. Having carefully considered the applicability and usefulness of the new standard, the NRC staff recognizes that current operating reactors could be interested in converting to Revision 4. In this context, conversion means adapting the plants entire accident monitoring program from a given plants current licensing basis (namely Revision 2 or 3 of this guide), to the guidance in Revision 4 of this guide. This adaptation could include physical changes (e.g., replacing an instrument), licensing changes (e.g., technical specification changes), or both for each variable. The staff also recognizes that Revisions 3 and 4 of this guide differ in several ways, including variable type definitions and associated criteria, removal of design and qualification categories, removal of prescriptive tables of monitored variables, analysis required to produce the necessary design-basis documentation, and related changes in licensing basis and/or commitments. These differences could involve modifications to existing instrumentation and could have significant cost implications for current operating reactor licensees who decide to convert to the new standard under Revision 4 of this guide.

Licensees of current operating reactors could also be interested in voluntarily performing modifications based on Revision 4 of this guide. For these modifications, the licensee should first perform an analysis to determine the complete list of variables and their associated types in accordance with the selection criteria in Revision 4. Without such analysis, there is no means to correlate Revision 4 criteria being applied to the modification of variables that have been licensed to the criteria in Revisions 2 or 3.

Revision 4 is primarily intended for licensees of new nuclear power plants. However, the NRC

staff sees no technical reason to prohibit a current operating reactor licensee from voluntarily using the new guidance for conversion or modifications.

(2)

Modify the first sentence in the second paragraph of Clause 6.7, as follows:

Means shall be provided for validating instrument calibration during the accident.

Regulatory position #2 modifies the requirement of IEEE Std. 497-2002, as it relates to instrumentation calibration during an accident. Clause 6.7 of IEEE Std. 497-2002 requires licensees to provide the means to calibrate instrumentation during an accident, and Clause 6.11 requires licensees to consider the selection and location of instrumentation with respect to potential inaccessibility during an accident. Plants should strategically locate instruments to ensure that they are readily accessible for maintenance. However, the NRC staff recognizes that some instruments (e.g., in-line sensors and area monitors) must be located in areas that are not accessible during an accident. Furthermore, recalibration is one of the four methods stated in Clause 6.7, but the only method of maintaining instrument calibration. In many situations,

10

Copies are available at current rates from the U.S. Government Printing Office, P.O. Box 37082, Washington, DC

20402-9328 [telephone (202) 512-1800], or from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161 telephone (703) 487-4650. Copies are available for inspection or copying for a fee from the NRCs Public Document Room (PDR), which is located at 11555 Rockville Pike, Rockville, Maryland; the PDRs mailing address is USNRC PDR, Washington, DC 20555-000

1. The PDR

can also be reached by telephone at (301) 415-4737 or (800) 397-4205, by fax at (301) 415-3548, and by email to PDR@nrc.gov.

RG 1.97, Rev. 4, Page 7 it is not possible to recalibrate instrumentation during an accident due to environmental conditions at the instrument location. The other three methods stated in Clause 6.7 cannot be used to maintain instrument calibration, but rather can be used to verify that the instrument has not excessively deviated from calibration. Consequently, licensees should provide means for validating instrument calibration during the accident.

(3)

The range criteria for Type C variables (paragraph 2 of Clause 5.1) should include the basis for the expanded ranges as follows:

The range for Type C variables shall encompass those limits that would indicate a breach in a fission product barrier. These variables shall have expanded ranges and a source term that consider a damaged core (see NUREG-0660). For example, ...

Regulatory position #3 clarifies the requirement to provide expanded ranges for Type C variables, which Clause 4.3 of IEEE Std. 497-2002 describes as those that provide the most direct indication of the integrity of the three fission product barriers and provide the capability for monitoring beyond the normal operating range. Clause 5.1 of the standard adds, the range for Type C variables shall encompass, with margin, those limits that would indicate a breach in a fission product barrier. In a related provision in 10 CFR 50.34(f)(2)(xix), the NRC requires licensees to provide instrumentation to monitor plant conditions following an accident that includes core damage. The underlying basis for this regulation, documented in NUREG-0660,

NRC Action Plan Developed as a Result of the TMI-2 Accident,10 was that licensees should provide instrumentation with expanded ranges and a source term that considers a damaged core capable of surviving the accident environment in which it is located for the length of time its function is required. To include the basis for the expanded range (from NUREG-0660),

licensees should modify the range criteria for Type C variables (paragraph 2 of Clause 5.1),

as stated in regulatory position #3.

(4)

Modify the last sentence in Clause 4.1 as follows:

Type A variables include those variables that are associated with contingency actions that are within the plant licensing basis and may be identified in written procedures.

Modify the last sentence in Clause 1.3, as follows:

This standard also does not apply to instrumentation required to support plant shutdown from outside the control room.

Regulatory position #4 modifies the application of the term contingency actions, which Clause 3.6 of IEEE Std. 497-2002 defines as alternative actions taken to address unexpected responses of the plant or conditions beyond its licensing basis (for example, actions taken for multiple equipment failures). Clause 1.3 uses this term in defining the application of IEEE Std. 497-2002, while Clause 4.1 uses it in defining selection criteria for Type A variables. The staff agrees with the criteria in these clauses, except where they exclude contingency actions. Contingency actions were excluded from the scope of Revision 3 of this guide, but neither Revision 3 nor its endorsed standard provided a definition of the term contingency action. NSSS vendors have not used this term consistently in EPGs for current plant designs and, therefore, the staff recommends considering contingency actions in accordance with the modified criteria in Clause 4.1.

Furthermore, Revision 3 provided a prescriptive list of variables to monitor, whereas this revision

RG 1.97, Rev. 4, Page 8 provides a non-prescriptive, performance-based approach to variable selection. Thus, in this performance-based guide, the staff cannot endorse the carte blanche exclusion of contingency actions from the selection criteria (especially those associated with plant-specific operating procedures or guidelines). Rather, the scope of instruments that could potentially be selected for accident monitoring (based on the selection criteria) should initially be as encompassing as possible. Then, in the process of selecting the actual list of variables to be monitored, licensees could screen out instruments associated with contingency actions that take place beyond the plants licensing basis.

(5)

The number of measurement points should be sufficient to adequately indicate the variable value.

Regulatory position #5 provides guidance concerning the number of measurement points for each variable, which IEEE Std. 497-2002 does not mention (with the exception of redundancy requirements). In general, the number of measurement points should be sufficient to adequately indicate the variable value (e.g., containment temperature may require spatial distribution of several measurement points).

(6)

If the NRCs regulations incorporate an industry code or standard referenced in Clause 2 of IEEE Std. 497-2002, licensees and applicants must comply with that code or standard as set forth in the regulations. Similarly, if the NRC staff has endorsed a referenced code or standard in a regulatory guide, that code or standard constitutes an acceptable method for use in meeting the related regulatory requirement as described in the regulatory guide(s).

By contrast, if a referenced code or standard has neither been incorporated into the NRCs regulations nor been endorsed in a regulatory guide, licensees and applicants may consider and use the information in the referenced code or standard, if appropriately justified, consistent with current regulatory practice.

(7)

Modify paragraph (c) of Clause 5.4, as follows:

The operating time for Type C variable instrument channels shall be at least 100 days or the duration for which the measured variable is required by the plants LBD.

Regulatory position #7 modifies the required instrument duration for Type C variables from at least 100 days to include cases where the plants LBD defines a different operating time.

The plants LBD provides an appropriate basis for determining the operating time for Type C

variables and is consistent with the required instrument durations for other variable types.

Consequently, licensees may specify the Type C variable operating time based on the plants LBD.

(8)

Modify Clause 5.4 to replace the term post-event operating time with operating time.

The term post-event operating time implies that the plant is in a controlled condition (the event has been mitigated) when the instrumentation is first required to function. This is inconsistent with the criteria for selection of accident monitoring variables, as the variables are derived from actions based on plant procedures (e.g., AOPs, EOPs, and EPGs). The actions described in these procedures encompass conditions during accident mitigation, as well as when the plant is in a controlled condition. The operating time for each variable is determined by the plants LBD

and should not imply that they are only required during the post-event phase of accident management. Consequently, licensees should consider the plant LBDs operating time for each variable when determining the required instrument duration.

RG 1.97, Rev. 4, Page 9

D. IMPLEMENTATION

The purpose of this section is to provide information to applicants and licensees regarding the NRC staffs plans for using this regulatory guide. No backfitting is intended or approved in connection with the issuance of this guide.

Except in cases in which an applicant or licensee proposes or has previously established an acceptable alternative method for complying with specified portions of the NRCs regulations, the methods described in this guide will be used in evaluating (1) submittals in connection with applications for construction permits, design certifications, operating licenses, and combined licenses, and (2) submittals from operating reactor licensees who voluntarily propose to initiate system modifications if there is a clear nexus between the proposed modifications and the subject for which guidance is provided herein.

RG 1.97, Rev. 4, Page 10

REGULATORY ANALYSIS

A separate regulatory analysis was not prepared for this regulatory guide. The regulatory analysis prepared for Draft Regulatory Guide DG-1128, Criteria for Accident Monitoring Instrumentation for Nuclear Power Plants, dated August 2005, also provides the regulatory basis for this regulatory guide.

The NRC issued DG-1128 to solicit public comment concerning the draft of this fourth revision of Regulatory Guide 1.97.

A copy of the regulatory analysis for DG-1128 is available for inspection and copying for a fee at the NRCs Public Document Room (PDR), which is located at 11555 Rockville Pike, Rockville, Maryland; the PDRs mailing address is USNRC PDR, Washington, DC 20555-0001. The PDR can also be reached by telephone at (301) 415-4737 or (800) 397-4205, by fax at (301) 415-3548, and by email to PDR@nrc.gov. Copies are also available at current rates from the U.S. Government Printing Office at P.O. Box 37082, Washington, DC 20402-9328 or by telephone at (202) 512-1800. In addition, copies are available at current rates from the National Technical Information Service at 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161, on the Internet at http://www.ntis.gov, or by telephone at (703) 487-4650.

In addition, the regulatory analysis is available electronically as a part of Draft Regulatory Guide DG-1128 through the NRCs Agencywide Documents Access and Management System (ADAMS)

at http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/adams.html, under Accession No. ML052150210.