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{{Adams
{{Adams
| number = ML18313A121
| number = ML18204A144
| issue date = 11/09/2018
| issue date = 07/23/2018
| title = Errata - Byron Station, Units 1 and 2 - Evaluations of Changes, Tests, and Experiments Baseline Inspection Report 05000454/2017009; 05000455/2017009
| title = Withdrawal of Non-Cited Violation 05000454/2017009-01; 05000455/2017009-01
| author name = Heck J
| author name = West K
| author affiliation = NRC/RGN-III/DRS
| author affiliation = NRC/RGN-III
| addressee name = Hanson B
| addressee name = Kanavos M
| addressee affiliation = Exelon Generation Co, LLC, Exelon Nuclear
| addressee affiliation = Exelon Generation Co, LLC
| docket = 05000454, 05000455
| docket = 05000454, 05000455
| license number = NPF-037, NPF-066
| license number = NPF-037, NPF-066
| contact person =  
| contact person = Giessner J
| document report number = IR 2017009
| case reference number = EA-17-138
| document type = Inspection Report, Letter
| document report number = IR 2017009, IR 2017009-01
| page count = 13
| document type = Letter
| page count = 4
}}
}}


Line 18: Line 19:


=Text=
=Text=
{{#Wiki_filter:November 9, 2018
{{#Wiki_filter:July 23, 2018


==SUBJECT:==
==SUBJECT:==
ERRATA-BYRON STATION, UNITS 1 AND 2-EVALUATIONS OF CHANGES, TESTS, AND EXPERIMENTS BASELINE INSPECTION REPORT 05000454/2017009; 05000455/2017009
WITHDRAWAL OF NON-CITED VIOLATION 05000454/2017009-01; 05000455/2017009-01


Dear Mr. Hanson
==Dear Mr. Kanavos:==
: On May 19, 2017, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) completed an Evaluations of changes, Tests, and Experiments inspection at your Byron Statio On June 29, 2017
On July 31, 2017, Exelon Generation Company (EGC), LLC, provided a written response to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Inspection Report 05000454/2017009; 05000455/2017009 issued on June 29, 2017, concerning an Evaluations of Changes, Tests, and Experiments Inspection completed at Byron Station, Units 1 and 2. Specifically, the letter contested Non-Cited Violation (NCV) 05000454/2017009-01; 05000455/2017009-01 associated with the failure to perform an evaluation of a change to the facility as described in the Updated Final Safety Analysis Report (UFSAR) pursuant to Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), paragraph 50.59(d)(1). On December 21, 2017, the NRC responded to your letter contesting the violation (Agenc y Documents Access and Management System (ADAMS) Accession No. ML17355A561). In that letter the NRC determined that the violation was valid, but we articulated that the initially-documented NCV needed additional information to justify the NCV. On February 8, 2018, in a letter from Exelon to the Director of the Office of Enforcement, you sought to appeal that decision, and provided additional information. In a letter to Exelon on April 8, 2018 (ADAMS ML18100A222), the NRC agreed to review the issue as an initial appeal of Region III's December decision based on the change from the original violation and the new information Exelon provided. This letter provides the decision based on our review.
, the NRC issued Inspection Report 05000454/2017009; 05000455/201700 This original inspection report documented one traditional enforcement Severity Level IV violation with an associated finding in which the NRC treated as a Non-Cited Violation (NCV) in accordance with Section 2.3.2 of the NRC Enforcement Polic In a letter dated July 23, 2018, (ML18204A144) the NRC withdrew the NCV based on an independent panel's revie The purpose of this letter is to re-issue the NRC Inspection Report 05000454/2017009; 05000455/2017009 in its entiret The inspection examined activities conducted under your license as they relate to safety and compliance with the Commission's rules and regulations and with the conditions of your licens The inspectors reviewed selected procedures and records, observed activities, and interviewed personne No findings or violations of more-than-minor significance were identified during this inspectio B. Hanson -2- This letter, its enclosure, and your response (if any) will be made available for public inspection and copying at http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/adams.html and at the NRC Public Document Room in accordance with 10 CFR 2.390, "Public Inspections, Exemptions, Requests for Withholding."


Sincerely,
The review was conducted by an independent NRC panel, which considered relevant information on this matter to date. The relevant information considered included: applicable guidance documents concerning the Surveillance Frequency Control Program (SFCP),
/RA/ Jared Heck, Acting Deputy Director Division of Reactor Safety Docket Nos. 50-454; 50-455 License Nos. NPF-37; NPF-66 Enclosure:
10 CFR 50.59 process, and the licensee's commitment management process; all docketed correspondence on the violation; input from NRC subject matter experts in various offices; participation in the Category 2 public meeting with the Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI) regarding the SFCP on March 20, 2018; and interviews with the key NRC and Exelon staff involved in the assessment of the violation, assessment of the disputed violation, and/or dispute of the violation.
IR 05000 454/20 1 7009; 05000 455/20 1 7009 cc: Distribution via LISTSERV


=SUMMARY=
In September 2000, the NRC endorsed NEI 99-04, Revision 0, "Guidelines for Managing NRC Commitment Changes" (Regulatory Information Summary 00-017, "Managing Regulatory Commitments Made by Power Reactor Licensees to the NRC Staff"). In November 2000, the NRC endorsed NEI 96-07, Revision 1, "Guidelines for 10 CFR 50.59 Evaluations" (NRC Regulatory Guide 1.187). By letter dated September 19, 2007, the NRC found NEI 04-10, Revision 1, "Risk-Informed Technical Specification Initiative 5b, Risk-Informed Method for Control of Surveillance Frequencies," acceptable for referencing by licensees proposing to amend their Technical Specifications (TS) to establish a SFCP (ADAMS ML072570267).
Inspection Report 05000 454/20 1 7009, 05000 455/20 1 7009; 05/15/2017
-06/01/2017
; Byron Station, Units 1 and 2
; Evaluations of Changes, Tests, and Experiments.


This report covers a one-week announced Evaluations of Changes, Tests, and Experiments baseline inspection. The inspection was conducted by Region III based engineering inspectors. The NRC's program for overseeing the safe operation of commercial nuclear power reactors is described in NUREG
By letter dated February 24, 2011, the NRC issued Byron Amendment No. 171 which relocated specific surveillance frequencies in Byron's TS to a licensee-controlled program (i.e., the SFCP). For these relocated surveillance frequencies, the TS were revised to state that the surveillance will be performed "in accordance with the surveillance frequency control program." As part of this amendment, Section 5.5.19, "Surveillance Frequency Control Program," was added to the TS, which requires changes to the relocated surveillance frequencies to be made in accordance with NEI 04-10, Revision 1.
-1649, "Reactor Oversight Process," Revision 6, dated July 2016.


3
As part of Byron Amendment No. 171, specific surveillance frequencies associated with the testing of emergency diesel generators (EDGs) were relocated to the SFCP. In February 2014, Byron used their NRC-approved SFCP, including the NEI 04-10 guidance, to evaluate and control a frequency change for performance of an EDG and integrated safeguards loss of offsite power/engineered safety features surveillance test from "18 months" to "18 months on a staggered test basis."


=REPORT DETAILS=
In assessing the new information provided for the disputed violation, the NRC independent review panel noted one main point of disagreement between the NRC and Exelon. Specifically, the main issue occurs in Step 2 of the NEI 04-10 process in assessing whether the frequency change represents a change in a regulatory commitment. In particular, Byron Updated Final Safety Analysis Report (UFSAR) Appendix A, "Application of NRC Regulatory Guides,"
originally stated that Byron complied with Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Standard 387-1984, "IEEE Standard Criteria for Diesel Generator Units Applied as Standby Power Supplies for Nuclear Power Generating Stations," and supplemental regulatory positions in Regulatory Guide 1.9, "Application and Testing of Safety-Related Diesel Generators in Nuclear Power Plants," Revision 3, which require licensees to perform the EDG surveillances during every refueling outage. To resolve this apparent point of confusion, the review panel stepped through the NEI 04-10 process and the related NRC-endorsed industry guidance


==REACTOR SAFETY==
documents (NEI 99-04 and NEI 96-07).


===Cornerstone:  Initiating Events, Mitigating Systems, and Barrier Integrity===
In NEI 04-10 Step 2, a check is made to determine if the applicable regulatory commitments to the NRC can be changed. Evaluating changes to regulatory commitments is a separate activity based on a method acceptable to the NRC for managing and changing regulatory commitments (e.g., NEI 99-04). NEI 99-04 Section 3.1, "Definitions," defines a regulatory commitment as an explicit statement to take a specific action agreed to, or volunteered by, a licensee and submitted in writing on the docket to the NRC. A regulatory commitment is an intentional undertaking by a licensee to (1) restore compliance with regulatory requirements, or (2) complete a specific action to address an NRC issue or concern (e.g., generic letter, bulletin, order, etc.). The panel determined through review of NRR Office Instructions that Byron's UFSAR Appendix A is part of a mandated licensing bases document and not a set of regulatory commitments. In addition, the use of the SFCP to change surveillance frequencies was previously reviewed and approved by the NRC staff with Byron Amendment No. 171. Thus, there was no associated regulatory commitment to change under NEI 04-10 Step 2, and it was appropriate for the licensee to continue to step through the NEI 04-10 process to evaluate an EDG surveillance frequency change. The review panel noted that the licensee was addressing the associated EDG surveillance frequency change through an NRC approved change-control process (SFCP) specifically intended for that purpose. Following satisfactory completion of the SFCP evaluation process to approve the EDG surveillance frequency change, Exelon performed a 10 CFR 50.59 screening using its internal guidance. Specifically, in February 2014, Exelon's 50.59 screening (No. 6E-14-017)
determined that a 10 CFR 50.59 evaluation was not required. The review panel did not identify any regulatory obligations, additional mandated licensing bases documents, commitments, and/or UFSAR wording changes evaluated under this 10 CFR 50.59 screening that was not covered by the SFCP process. The review panel determined that a 10 CFR 50.59 evaluation was not required, because the NRC staff had prev iously granted the licensee authority, through Byron Amendment No. 171, to change the specific EDG surveillance frequencies in accordance with the SFCP.


{{a|1R17}}
Based on the independent panel's thorough review of the issue, the NRC has concluded that the 50.59 violation as written cannot be supported. Therefore, the NCV is hereby withdrawn, and we will modify our records accordingly.
==1R17 Evaluation==


s of Changes, Tests, and Experiments (71111.17 T)
This letter will be made available electronically for public inspection and copying from ADAMS available at http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/adams.html and in the NRC Public Document Room in accordance with 10 CFR 2.390, "Public Inspections, Exemptions, Requests for Withholding."


===.1 Evaluation of Changes, Tests, and===
If you have any questions regarding this matter, please contact Mr. John Giessner at


Experiments
(630) 829-9800.


====a. Inspection Scope====
Sincerely,
The inspectors reviewed evaluations performed pursuant to Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 50, Section 59 to determine if the evaluations were adequate and that prior U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) approval was obtained as appropriate. The inspectors also reviewed screenings and applicability determinations where licensee personnel had determined that a 10 CFR 50.59 evaluation was not necessary. The inspectors reviewed these documents to determine if:  the changes, tests, and experiments performed were evaluated in accordance with 10 CFR 50.59 and that sufficient documentation existed to confirm that a license amendment was not required; the safety issue requiring the change, tests or experiment was resolved; the licensee conclusions for evaluations of changes, tests, and experiments were correct and consistent with 10 CFR 50.59; and the design and licensing basis documentation was updated to reflect the change.
/RA/ K. Steven West Regional Administrator Docket Nos. 50-454; 50-455
 
The inspectors used, in part, Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI) 96
-07 , "Guidelines for 10 CFR 50.59 Implementation
," Revision 1, to determine acceptability of the completed evaluations and screenings. The NEI document was endorsed by the NRC in Regulatory Guide 1.187, "Guidance for Implementation of 10 CFR 50.59, Changes, Tests, and Experiments," dated November 2000.
 
The inspectors also consulted Part 9900 of the NRC Inspection Manual, "10 CFR Guidance for 10 CFR 50.59, Changes, Tests, and Experiments."
 
This inspection constituted 23 samples of evaluations, screenings, and/or applicability determinations as defined in IP 71111.17-05.
 
====b. Findings====
No findings or violations of significance were identified
 
==OTHER ACTIVITIES (OA)==
{{a|4OA2}}
==4OA2 Problem Identification and Resolution==
 
===.1 Routine Review of Condition Reports===
 
====a. Inspection Scope====
The inspectors reviewed several corrective action process documents that identified or were related to 10 CFR 50.59 evaluations. The inspectors reviewed these documents to evaluate the effectiveness of corrective actions related to evaluations of changes, tests, and experiments. In addition, corrective action documents written on issues identified during the inspection were reviewed to verify adequate problem identification and incorporation of the problems into the corrective action system. The specific corrective action documents that were sampled and reviewed by the inspectors are listed in the attachment to this report.
 
====b. Findings====
No findings of significance were identified.
 
{{a|4OA6}}
==4OA6 Meetings==
 
===.1 Exit Meeting Summary===


On November 8, 2018, the inspection results were presented to Ms. Z. Cox. The licensee personnel acknowledged the inspection results presented and did not identify any proprietary content. The inspectors confirmed that all proprietary material reviewed during the inspection was returned to the licensee staff.
License Nos. NPF-37; NPF-66


===.2 Interim Exit Meetings===
cc: Distribution via LISTSERV Letter to from K. Steven West dated July 23, 2018 SUBJECT: WITHDRAWAL OF NON-CITED VIOLATION 05000454/2017009-01; 05000455/2017009-01


O n June 1, 2017, the inspector s presented the original inspection results to Mr. T. Chalmers, and other members of the licensee staff. The inspectors confirmed that none of the potential report input discussed was considered proprietary
DISTRIBUTION: Jeremy Bowen Juan Peralta
. ATTACHMENT:


=SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION=
RidsNrrDorlLpl3 RidsNrrPMByron Resource RidsNrrDirsIrib Resource


==KEY POINTS OF CONTACT==
Steven West


Licensee 
Darrell Roberts Jack Giessner
: [[contact::J. Bauer]], Corporate Licensing Engineer
: [[contact::T. Chalmers]], Plant Manager
: [[contact::G. Contrady]], Regulatory Assurance
Engineer
: [[contact::Z. Cox]], Regulatory Assurance
: [[contact::D. Gullott]], Corporate Licensing Manager
: [[contact::C. Keller]], Engineering Director
: [[contact::D. Spitzer]], Regulatory Assurance Manager
: [[contact::G. Wilhelmsen]], Senior Engineering Manager
: [[contact::K. Zlevor]], Senior Engineer
: [[contact::L. Zurawski]], Regulatory Assurance
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
: [[contact::R. Daley]], Branch Chief, EB3
: [[contact::C. Hunt]], Resident Inspector
: [[contact::J. McGhee]], Senior Resident Inspector


==LIST OF ITEMS==
Richard Skokowski Allan Barker DRPIII DRSIII ADAMS Accession Number ML18204A144 OFC RIII-ORA RI RIII-DNMS NRR OE OGC RIII/EICS RIII/ORA NAME JHeck:jc JSchoppy JGiessner BHolian 1 ABoland 2 MZobler 3 RSkokowski KJL for KSWest DATE 05/14/18 5/14/18 05/16/18 7/13/18 7/17/18 7/13/18 07/19/18 7/23/18 OFFICIAL RECORD COPY
OPENED, CLOSED
, AND DISCUSSED
None 
==LIST OF DOCUMENTS REVIEWED==


1 NRR concurrence provided via e-ma il from M. Miller on July 13, 2018 2 OE concurrence provided via e-mail from M. Marshfield on July 17, 2018 3 OGC NLO provided via email from Sara Kirkwood on July 13, 2018
}}
}}

Revision as of 23:54, 16 June 2019

Withdrawal of Non-Cited Violation 05000454/2017009-01; 05000455/2017009-01
ML18204A144
Person / Time
Site: Byron  Constellation icon.png
Issue date: 07/23/2018
From: Khadijah West
NRC/RGN-III
To: Kanavos M
Exelon Generation Co
Giessner J
References
EA-17-138 IR 2017009, IR 2017009-01
Preceding documents:
Download: ML18204A144 (4)


Text

July 23, 2018

SUBJECT:

WITHDRAWAL OF NON-CITED VIOLATION 05000454/2017009-01; 05000455/2017009-01

Dear Mr. Kanavos:

On July 31, 2017, Exelon Generation Company (EGC), LLC, provided a written response to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Inspection Report 05000454/2017009; 05000455/2017009 issued on June 29, 2017, concerning an Evaluations of Changes, Tests, and Experiments Inspection completed at Byron Station, Units 1 and 2. Specifically, the letter contested Non-Cited Violation (NCV)05000454/2017009-01; 05000455/2017009-01 associated with the failure to perform an evaluation of a change to the facility as described in the Updated Final Safety Analysis Report (UFSAR) pursuant to Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), paragraph 50.59(d)(1). On December 21, 2017, the NRC responded to your letter contesting the violation (Agenc y Documents Access and Management System (ADAMS) Accession No. ML17355A561). In that letter the NRC determined that the violation was valid, but we articulated that the initially-documented NCV needed additional information to justify the NCV. On February 8, 2018, in a letter from Exelon to the Director of the Office of Enforcement, you sought to appeal that decision, and provided additional information. In a letter to Exelon on April 8, 2018 (ADAMS ML18100A222), the NRC agreed to review the issue as an initial appeal of Region III's December decision based on the change from the original violation and the new information Exelon provided. This letter provides the decision based on our review.

The review was conducted by an independent NRC panel, which considered relevant information on this matter to date. The relevant information considered included: applicable guidance documents concerning the Surveillance Frequency Control Program (SFCP),

10 CFR 50.59 process, and the licensee's commitment management process; all docketed correspondence on the violation; input from NRC subject matter experts in various offices; participation in the Category 2 public meeting with the Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI) regarding the SFCP on March 20, 2018; and interviews with the key NRC and Exelon staff involved in the assessment of the violation, assessment of the disputed violation, and/or dispute of the violation.

In September 2000, the NRC endorsed NEI 99-04, Revision 0, "Guidelines for Managing NRC Commitment Changes" (Regulatory Information Summary 00-017, "Managing Regulatory Commitments Made by Power Reactor Licensees to the NRC Staff"). In November 2000, the NRC endorsed NEI 96-07, Revision 1, "Guidelines for 10 CFR 50.59 Evaluations" (NRC Regulatory Guide 1.187). By letter dated September 19, 2007, the NRC found NEI 04-10, Revision 1, "Risk-Informed Technical Specification Initiative 5b, Risk-Informed Method for Control of Surveillance Frequencies," acceptable for referencing by licensees proposing to amend their Technical Specifications (TS) to establish a SFCP (ADAMS ML072570267).

By letter dated February 24, 2011, the NRC issued Byron Amendment No. 171 which relocated specific surveillance frequencies in Byron's TS to a licensee-controlled program (i.e., the SFCP). For these relocated surveillance frequencies, the TS were revised to state that the surveillance will be performed "in accordance with the surveillance frequency control program." As part of this amendment, Section 5.5.19, "Surveillance Frequency Control Program," was added to the TS, which requires changes to the relocated surveillance frequencies to be made in accordance with NEI 04-10, Revision 1.

As part of Byron Amendment No. 171, specific surveillance frequencies associated with the testing of emergency diesel generators (EDGs) were relocated to the SFCP. In February 2014, Byron used their NRC-approved SFCP, including the NEI 04-10 guidance, to evaluate and control a frequency change for performance of an EDG and integrated safeguards loss of offsite power/engineered safety features surveillance test from "18 months" to "18 months on a staggered test basis."

In assessing the new information provided for the disputed violation, the NRC independent review panel noted one main point of disagreement between the NRC and Exelon. Specifically, the main issue occurs in Step 2 of the NEI 04-10 process in assessing whether the frequency change represents a change in a regulatory commitment. In particular, Byron Updated Final Safety Analysis Report (UFSAR) Appendix A, "Application of NRC Regulatory Guides,"

originally stated that Byron complied with Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Standard 387-1984, "IEEE Standard Criteria for Diesel Generator Units Applied as Standby Power Supplies for Nuclear Power Generating Stations," and supplemental regulatory positions in Regulatory Guide 1.9, "Application and Testing of Safety-Related Diesel Generators in Nuclear Power Plants," Revision 3, which require licensees to perform the EDG surveillances during every refueling outage. To resolve this apparent point of confusion, the review panel stepped through the NEI 04-10 process and the related NRC-endorsed industry guidance

documents (NEI 99-04 and NEI 96-07).

In NEI 04-10 Step 2, a check is made to determine if the applicable regulatory commitments to the NRC can be changed. Evaluating changes to regulatory commitments is a separate activity based on a method acceptable to the NRC for managing and changing regulatory commitments (e.g., NEI 99-04). NEI 99-04 Section 3.1, "Definitions," defines a regulatory commitment as an explicit statement to take a specific action agreed to, or volunteered by, a licensee and submitted in writing on the docket to the NRC. A regulatory commitment is an intentional undertaking by a licensee to (1) restore compliance with regulatory requirements, or (2) complete a specific action to address an NRC issue or concern (e.g., generic letter, bulletin, order, etc.). The panel determined through review of NRR Office Instructions that Byron's UFSAR Appendix A is part of a mandated licensing bases document and not a set of regulatory commitments. In addition, the use of the SFCP to change surveillance frequencies was previously reviewed and approved by the NRC staff with Byron Amendment No. 171. Thus, there was no associated regulatory commitment to change under NEI 04-10 Step 2, and it was appropriate for the licensee to continue to step through the NEI 04-10 process to evaluate an EDG surveillance frequency change. The review panel noted that the licensee was addressing the associated EDG surveillance frequency change through an NRC approved change-control process (SFCP) specifically intended for that purpose. Following satisfactory completion of the SFCP evaluation process to approve the EDG surveillance frequency change, Exelon performed a 10 CFR 50.59 screening using its internal guidance. Specifically, in February 2014, Exelon's 50.59 screening (No. 6E-14-017)

determined that a 10 CFR 50.59 evaluation was not required. The review panel did not identify any regulatory obligations, additional mandated licensing bases documents, commitments, and/or UFSAR wording changes evaluated under this 10 CFR 50.59 screening that was not covered by the SFCP process. The review panel determined that a 10 CFR 50.59 evaluation was not required, because the NRC staff had prev iously granted the licensee authority, through Byron Amendment No. 171, to change the specific EDG surveillance frequencies in accordance with the SFCP.

Based on the independent panel's thorough review of the issue, the NRC has concluded that the 50.59 violation as written cannot be supported. Therefore, the NCV is hereby withdrawn, and we will modify our records accordingly.

This letter will be made available electronically for public inspection and copying from ADAMS available at http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/adams.html and in the NRC Public Document Room in accordance with 10 CFR 2.390, "Public Inspections, Exemptions, Requests for Withholding."

If you have any questions regarding this matter, please contact Mr. John Giessner at

(630) 829-9800.

Sincerely,

/RA/ K. Steven West Regional Administrator Docket Nos. 50-454; 50-455

License Nos. NPF-37; NPF-66

cc: Distribution via LISTSERV Letter to from K. Steven West dated July 23, 2018 SUBJECT: WITHDRAWAL OF NON-CITED VIOLATION 05000454/2017009-01; 05000455/2017009-01

DISTRIBUTION: Jeremy Bowen Juan Peralta

RidsNrrDorlLpl3 RidsNrrPMByron Resource RidsNrrDirsIrib Resource

Steven West

Darrell Roberts Jack Giessner

Richard Skokowski Allan Barker DRPIII DRSIII ADAMS Accession Number ML18204A144 OFC RIII-ORA RI RIII-DNMS NRR OE OGC RIII/EICS RIII/ORA NAME JHeck:jc JSchoppy JGiessner BHolian 1 ABoland 2 MZobler 3 RSkokowski KJL for KSWest DATE 05/14/18 5/14/18 05/16/18 7/13/18 7/17/18 7/13/18 07/19/18 7/23/18 OFFICIAL RECORD COPY

1 NRR concurrence provided via e-ma il from M. Miller on July 13, 2018 2 OE concurrence provided via e-mail from M. Marshfield on July 17, 2018 3 OGC NLO provided via email from Sara Kirkwood on July 13, 2018