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{{Adams
{{Adams
| number = ML15026A664
| number = ML003740046
| issue date = 05/15/2015
| issue date = 02/28/1973
| title = Rev. 1, Nonmetallic Thermal Insulation for Austenitic Stainless Steel
| title = Nonmetallic Thermal Insulation for Austenitic Stainless Steel
| author name = Alley D W
| author name =  
| author affiliation = NRC/NRR/DE/EPNB
| author affiliation = NRC/RES
| addressee name =  
| addressee name =  
| addressee affiliation =  
| addressee affiliation =  
| docket =  
| docket =  
| license number =  
| license number =  
| contact person = Jervey R A
| contact person =  
| case reference number = DG-1312
| document report number = RG-1.36
| document report number = RG 1.36
| package number = ML15026A655
| document type = Regulatory Guide
| document type = Regulatory Guide
| page count = 8
| page count = 3
}}
}}
{{#Wiki_filter: U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION May 2015OFFICE OF NUCLEAR REGULATORY RESEARCH Revision 1REGULATORY GUIDE  Technical LeadDavid W. Alley  Written suggestions regarding this guide or development of new guides may be submitted through the NRC's public Web site under the Regulatory Guides document collection of the NRC Library at http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/reg-guides/contactus.html .    Electronic copies of this regulatory guide, previous versions of this guide, and other recently issued guides are available through the NRC's public Web site under the Regulatory Guides document collection of the NRC Library at http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/ . The regulatory guide is also available through the NRC's Agencywide Documents Access and Management System (ADAMS) at http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/adams.html, under ADAMS Accession No. ML15026A664. The regulatory analysis may be found in ADAMS under Accession No. ML14079A669 and the staff responses to the public comments on DG-1312 may be found under ADAMS Accession No. ML15026A678.  REGULATORY GUIDE 1.36 (Draft was issued as DG-1312, dated September 2014)  Nonmetallic Thermal Insulation for Austenitic Stainless Steel 
{{#Wiki_filter:U.S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION
REGULATORY  
DIRECTORATE OF REGULATORY STANDARDS
REGULATORY GUIDE 1.36 NONMETALLIC THERMAL INSULATION FOR
AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL


==A. INTRODUCTION==
==A. INTRODUCTION==
Purpose  This regulatory guide describes methods and procedures that the staff of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) considers acceptable when selecting and using nonmetallic thermal insulation to minimize any contamination that could promote stress-corrosion cracking in the stainless steel portions of the reactor coolant pressure boundary and other systems important to safety. This guide applies to light-water-cooled reactors.
General Design Criterion 1, "Quality Standards and Records," of Appendix A to 10 CFR Part 50, "General Design Criteria for Nuclear Power Plants," requires that structures, systems, and components important to safety be designed, fabricated, erected, and tested to quality standards commensurate with the importance of the safety function to be performed. In addition, General Design Criteria 14 and 31 require assurance that the reactor coolant pressure boundary will have an extremely low probability of gross rupture or rapidly propagating fracture. Stress-corrosion cracking, which is promoted by certain contaminants, is one mechanism whereby such failures may be postulated. This guide describes an acceptable method for implementing these criteria with regard to the selection and use of nonmetallic thermal insulation to minimize any contamination that could promote stress-corrosion cracking in the stainless steel portions of the reactor coolant pressure boundary and other systems important to safety. This guide applies to light-water-cooled reactors.


Applicable Rules and Regulations
The Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards has been consulted concerning this guide and has concurred in the regulatory position.
* General Design Criterion (GDC) 1, "Quality Standards and Records," of Appendix A "General Design Criteria for Nuclear Power Plants," (Ref. 1), to Title 10, Part 50, Domestic Licensing of Production and Utilization Facilities," of the Code of Federal Regulations (10 CFR Part 50) requires that structures, systems, and components important to safety be designed, fabricated, erected, and tested to quality standards commensurate with the importance of the safety function to be performed.


* GDC 14, "Reactor Coolant Pressure Boundary," and GDC 31, "Fracture Prevention of Reactor Coolant Pressure Boundary," require assurance that the reactor coolant pressure boundary will have an extremely low probability of abnormal leakage, gross rupture, or rapidly propagating fracture. Stress-corrosion cracking, which is promoted by certain contaminants, is one mechanism whereby such failures may be postulated.    Purpose of Regulatory Guides    The NRC issues regulatory guides to describe to the public methods that the staff considers acceptable for use in implementing specific parts of the agency's regulations, to explain techniques that the staff uses in evaluating specific problems or postulated accidents, and to provide guidance to applicants. Regulatory guides are not substitutes for regulations and compliance with them is not required. Methods and solutions that differ from those set forth in regulatory guides will be deemed acceptable if they provide a basis for the findings required for the issuance or continuance of a permit or license by the Commission.
==B. DISCUSSION==
Whether sensitized or not, austenitic stainless steel is subject to stress corrosion and should be protected from certain contaminants that can promote cracking.
 
Chloride and fluoride ions are the most serious contaminants, so it is necessary to minimize the levels of these ions (and others that have the potential to cause stress-corrosion cracking) in all material that may come in contact with austenitic stainless steel.
 
"Thermal insulation is often employed adjacent to, or m direct contact with, stainless steel piping and components. Accidental spillages and leakages of fluids
2/23/73 GUIDE
through pipe fittings, valves, and equipment cannot be entirely prevented, and contaminants present in the thermal insulation may be leached by these liquidg and leposited on the stainless steel surfaces. Extensive test programs by Dana' and Karnes2 have demonstrated that  
;tress-corrosion cracking of both unsensitized and
;ensitized austenitic stainless steel can be induced by zhloride or fluoride ions leached from many representative thermal lilh lation materials. Karnes has further shown that leachable sodium and silicate ions at least partially inhibit the adverse effects of the chloride and fluoride ions.


RG 1.36, Rev. 1, Page 2 Paperwork Reduction Act  This regulatory guide contains information collection requirements covered by 10 CFR Part 50 that the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) approved under OMB control number 3150-0011. The NRC may neither conduct nor sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, an information collection request or requirement unless the requesting document displays a currently valid OMB control number.
Controls should be exercised to assure that nonmetallic thermal insulations employed in nuclear power plants do not contribute significantly to stress corrosion of stainless steel. A quality assurance program should be implemented at all steps from manufacturing through installation to minimize pickup of contaminants from external sources.


==B. DISCUSSION==
Each type3 of insulation should pass an appropriate qualification test (such as those identified in C.2.a.
Reason for Revision RG 1.36, Revision 1, updates NRC guidance to approve for use current voluntary consensus standards (specifications) related to thermal insulation in contact with austenitic stainless steel. The standards have been revised and improved in recent years; thus they represent current best practices available for that purpose. Significantly, the current standards offer more than one test method to satisfy the objective of the standard. Additionally, several test methods identified in the previous RG 1.36 are no longer in use and the references to them have been removed.   Background  Whether sensitized or not, austenitic stainless steel is subject to stress corrosion and should be protected from certain contaminants that can promote cracking. Chloride and fluoride ions are the most serious contaminants, so it is necessary to minimize the levels of these ions (and others that have the potential to cause stress-corrosion cracking) in all material that may come in contact with austenitic stainless steel.
 
below)
to demonstrate that under conditions conservatively representing those encountered in reactor operation, the insulation does not induce excessive cracking in stressed stainless steel specimens. A further qualification test should consist of a chemical analysis to demonstrate that the leachable chloride and fluoride ion
'A. W. Dana, Jr., "Stress Corrosion Cracking of Insulated Austenitic Stainless Steel," ASTM Bulletin, October 1957.
 
SH. F. Karnes, "The Corrosion Potential of Wetted Thermal Insulation,"
presented at American Institute of Chemical Engineers 57th National Meeting, September 1965 (Conf
650905-2).  
"aType means material of similar composition, form, and class and of consistent quality, formulation, and manufacturing process.
 
USAEC REGULATORY GUIDES
Copies of published guides may be obtained by request indicating the divisions desired to the US. Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, D.C. 20645, Regulatory Guides we lsued to describe end make available to the public Attention: Director of Regulatory Standards. Comments and suggestions for methods acceptable to the AEC Regulatory staff of implementing specific parts of Improvemants in thes guides ae encouraged and should be sent to the Secretary the Commission's regulations, to delineate techniques used by the staff in of the Commission, US. Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, D.C. 20545, evaluating specific problems or postulated accidents, or to provide guidance to Attention: Chief, Public Proceedings Staff.
 
applicants. Regulatory Guides are not substitutes for regulations end compliance with them Is not required. Methods and solutions different from those set out in The guides are Issued in the following ten broad divisions:
the guides will be acceptable if they provide a basis for the findings requisite to the issuance or continuance of a permit or license by the Commission.
 
===1. Power Reactors ===
 
===6. Products ===
2. Research end Test Reactors
 
===7. Transportation ===
3. Fuels and Materials Facilities
5. Occupational Health Published guides will be revised periodically, as appropriate, to accommodate
4. Environmental and Siting
9. Antitrust Review comments and to reflect new information or experience.
 
S. Materials and Plant Protection
1
 
===0. General===
 
concentrations are within acceptable levels and that sufficient quantities of the corrosion inhibiting ions (sodium and silicate) are present in the insulation.
 
The following procedures may be used in the chemical analyses4 for chlorides and fluorides:
1. American Society foe Testing and Materials (ASTM) D512 -
"Tests for Chloride Ion in Industrial Water and Industrial Waste Water;" and
2.
 
ASTM Dl 179 -Tests for Fluoride Ion in Industrial Water and Industrial Waste Water.p Silicates may be analyzed using ASTM E60,
"Photometric Methods for Chemical Analysis of Metals," by either of the following methods:
1. ASTM E62 Molybdisilicic acid method; or
2.
 
ASTM E120 or E146 -
Molybdenum blue method.
 
Sodium ion concentrations may be obtained by either spectrographic or flame photometric methods.
 
Further, each lot5 of insulation should be analyzed to demonstrate that chlorides and fluorides are being maintained at acceptable levels and that the composition is representative of the material employed in the qualification test. The production lot is considered representative if the levels of the principal leachable promotors (chloride and fluoride ions) and inhibitors (sodium and silicate ions) of stress-corrosion cracking are within fifty percent of the corresponding values determined for the qualification sample.
 
==C. REGULATORY POSITION==
The levels of leachable contaminants in nonmetallic insulation materials 6  that come in contact with austenitic stainless steels of the American Iron & Steel Institute (AISI) Type 3XX series used in fluid systems important to safety should be carefully controlled so that stress-corrosion cracking is not promoted. In particular, the 1-table chlorides and fluorides should be held to the lo vest practicable levels. Insulation for the above application should meet the following conditions:
'Samples for chemical analysis may be prepared by the procedure described in Reactor Development & Technology (RDT) M1 2-iT, Para. 6.1-6.3. Copies may be obtained from RDT
Standards Office, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Building
1000, P.O. Box X, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830.
 
'A lot is defined as the thermal insulation material of the same composition, form, type, grade, and class produced at one plant under the same conditions over a limited time span and designated by the producer as a production lot.
 
1. All insulating materials should be manufactured, processed, packaged, shipped, stored, and installed in a manner that will limit, to the maximum extent practical, chloride and fluoride contamination from external sources.
 
2.
 
Qualification Test: Each type3 of insulating material should be qualified by the manufacturer or supplier for use by:
a.


Thermal insulation is often employed adjacent to, or in direct contact with, stainless steel piping and components. Accidental spillages and leakages of fluids through pipe fittings, valves, and equipment cannot be entirely prevented, and contaminants present in the thermal insulation may be leached by these liquids and deposited on the stainless steel surfaces. Extensive test programs by Dana (Ref. 2)
An appropriate test to reasonably assure that the insulation formulation does not induce stress corrosion. Two acceptable tests are:
demonstrated that stress-corrosion cracking of both unsensitized and sensitized austenitic stainless steel can be induced by chloride or fluoride ions leached from many representative thermal insulation materials. Whorlow, et. al. (Ref. 3) has further shown that leachable sodium and silicate ions have differing qualities for inhibiting the adverse effects of the chloride and fluoride ions.  A quality assurance program is typically implemented at all steps from manufacturing through installation to minimize pickup of contaminants from external sources. These Controls are recommended to ensure that nonmetallic thermal insulations employed in nuclear power plants do not contribute significantly to stress corrosion of stainless steel.  To provide reasonable assurance that nonmetallic thermal insulation will not contribute to stress-corrosion cracking of stainless steels, each type1 of insulating material should be evaluated in conditions similar to those routinely found in reactor operations. The requirements of American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C795, "Standard Specification for Thermal Insulation for Use in Contact with Austenitic Stainless Steel," (Ref. 4) define testing conditions which more approximate the stresses of operational conditions at power plants. A Preproduction Corrosion Test in accordance with ASTM C692, "Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Influence of Thermal Insulation on External Stress Corrosion Cracking Tendency of Austenitic Stainless Steel," (Ref. 5) and a chemical analysis acceptance test for the                                            1  Type means material of similar composition, form, and class of consistent quality, formulation, and manufacturing process.
(1) ASTM C692-71, "Standard Method for Evaluating Stress Corrosion Effect of Wicking-Type Thermal Insulations on Stainless Steel" (Dana Test). The material should be rejected if more than one of five specimens crack; and
(2) RDT M12-1T,7 "Test Requirements for Thermal Insulating Materials for Use on Austenitic Stainless Steel," Section 5, (Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory (KAPL) Test). The material should be rejected if more than one of four specimens crack.


RG 1.36, Rev. 1, Page 3 material in accordance with ASTM C871, "Test Method for Chemical Analysis of Thermal Insulation Materials for Leachable Chloride, Fluoride, Silicate and Sodium Ions" (Ref. 6) are required for those who voluntarily wish to meet ASTM C795 for qualification of the insulation material. During production, each lot2 of insulation material should be evaluated to demonstrate acceptability. The Staff Regulatory Guidance section provides specific reference to these standards.    Harmonization with International Standards  The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has established a series of safety guides and standards constituting a high level of safety for protecting people and the environment. IAEA Nuclear Energy Series Technical Reports provide information in the areas of nuclear power, nuclear fuel cycle, radioactive waste management and decommissioning, and on general issues that are relevant to all of the above-mentioned areas.  The NRC staff identified one IAEA document pertinent to this regulatory guide, IAEA Nuclear Energy Series NP-T-3.13, "Stress Corrosion Cracking in Light Water Reactors: Good Practices and Lessons Learned" (Ref. 7), issued September 2011.  The IAEA document addresses the importance of stress-corrosion cracking as one of the significant aging degradations for major components of both pressurized-water reactors and boiling-water reactors. This regulatory guide incorporates similar design and testing guidelines and is consistent with the basic principles provided in IAEA Nuclear Energy Series NP-T-3.13.
b.


Documents Discussed in Staff Regulatory Guidance  This regulatory guide endorses the use of one or more codes or standards developed by external organizations and other third-party guidance documents. These codes, standards and third-party guidance documents may contain references to other codes, standards or third party guidance documents ("secondary references"). If a secondary reference has itself been incorporated by reference into NRC regulations as a requirement, then licensees and applicants must comply with that standard as set forth in the regulation. If the secondary reference has been endorsed in a regulatory guide as an acceptable approach for meeting an NRC requirement, then the standard constitutes a method acceptable to the NRC staff for meeting that regulatory requirement as described in the specific regulatory guide. If the secondary reference has been neither incorporated by reference into NRC regulations nor endorsed in a regulatory guide, then the secondary reference is neither a legally binding requirement nor a "generic" NRC-approved acceptable approach for meeting an NRC requirement. However, licensees and applicants may consider and use the information in the secondary reference, if appropriately justified, consistent with current regulatory practice, and consistent with applicable NRC requirements.                                              2  A lot (batch) is defined as a definite quantity of some product manufactured under conditions of production that are considered uniform for quality analysis. A batch is not to be confused with an "inspection" lot, which is the sample taken to test the production batch. ASTM C390-08 (Ref. 8) 
Chemical analysis to determine the ion concentrations of leachable chloride, fluoride, sodium, and silicate. Insulating material that is not demonstrated by the analysis to be within the acceptable region of Figure 1 of this guide should be rejected. This analysis should also be used as a comparison basis for the production test specified in C.3. below.
RG 1.36, Rev. 1, Page 4 C.  STAFF REGULATORY GUIDANCE  The levels of leachable contaminants in nonmetallic insulation materials3 that come in contact with austenitic stainless steels of the American Iron & Steel Institute (AISI) Type 3XX series used in fluid systems important to safety should be carefully controlled so that stress-corrosion cracking is not promoted. Insulation for the above application should minimize the leachable chlorides and fluorides to the lowest practicable levels by meeting the following conditions:  1. All insulating materials should be manufactured, processed, packaged, shipped, stored, and installed in a manner that will limit, to the maximum extent practical, chloride and fluoride contamination from external sources.


2. Qualification Testing. The test methods of ASTM C692 and ASTM C871 should be used as directed by ASTM C795.  a) Preproduction qualification testing.
3.


Each material should be tested for stress corrosion effects using the 28-day stress corrosion test as specified in ASTM C692 to determine acceptability using the criteria of ASTM C795. Duplicate specimens of each type of thermal insulating material used should be chemically analyzed using the test method ASTM C871 to determine leachable chloride, fluoride, sodium, silicate, and pH, sufficient to meet the acceptance criteria of ASTM C795, Figure 1, and to establish baseline values for confirming production quality control.
Production Test: A representative sample8 from each production lots of insulation material to be used adjacent to, or in contact with, austenitic stainless steels used in fluid systems important to safety should be chemically analyzed to determine leachable chloride, fluoride, sodium, and silicate ion concentrations as in C.2.a. above. The lot should be accepted only if:
a.


b) Production testing  Duplicate specimens from each lot (batch) of insulation should be chemically analyzed as specified in ASTM C795 to determine leachable chloride, fluoride, sodium, silicate, and pH. The material should meet the acceptance criteria of ASTM C795, Figure 1 using the averaged results from the duplicate specimens for each lot.
The analysis shows the material to be within the acceptable region of Figure 1; and b.


For each lot chemical analysis, the chloride plus fluoride ion concentrations should not exceed 150 percent of the average values determined on the sample used for preproduction qualification testing.
Neither the sum of chloride plus fluoride ion concentrations nor the sum of sodium plus silicate ion concentrations determined by this analysis deviates by more than 50 percent from the values determined on the sample used to qualify the insulation in C.2. above.


For each lot chemical analysis, the sodium plus silicate ion concentrations should not fall below 50 percent of the average values determined on the sample used for preproduction qualification testing.
4.


3. Requalification. The manufacturer's production quality program should address periodic requalification requirements. Additionally, the insulation material should be re-qualified by repeating the preproduction (2.a) qualification testing when a change is made in the type, nature, or quality of the ingredients, the formulation, or the manufacturing process.                                                  3  Thermal insulating materials include block insulation, pipe insulation, board insulation, and blanket insulation, and the cements and adhesives employed in their application.
Requalification: When a change is made in the type, nature, or quality of the ingredients, the formulation, or the manufacturing process, the insulation material should be requalified by repeating the tests described in C.2. above.


RG 1.36, Rev. 1, Page 5
'Thermal insulating materials include block insulation, pipe insulation, board and blanket and the cements and adhesives employed in their application.


==D. IMPLEMENTATION==
"1Copies may be obtained from RDT Standards Office, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Building 1000, P.O. Box X, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830.
The purpose of this section is to provide information on how applicants and licensees4 may use this guide and information regarding the NRC's plans for using this regulatory guide. In addition, it describes how the NRC staff complies with 10 CFR 50.109, "Backfitting" and any applicable finality provisions in 10 CFR Part 52, "Licenses, Certifications, and Approvals for Nuclear Power Plants." Use by Applicants and Licensees  Applicants and licensees may voluntarily5 use the guidance in this document to demonstrate compliance with the underlying NRC regulations. Methods or solutions that differ from those described in this regulatory guide may be deemed acceptable if they provide sufficient basis and information for the NRC staff to verify that the proposed alternative demonstrates compliance with the appropriate NRC regulations. Current licensees may continue to use guidance the NRC found acceptable for complying with the identified regulations as long as their current licensing basis remains unchanged. Licensees may use the information in this regulatory guide for actions that do not require NRC review and approval such as changes to a facility design under 10 CFR 50.59, "Changes, Tests, and Experiments." Licensees may use the information in this regulatory guide or applicable parts to resolve regulatory or inspection issues.  Use by NRC Staff  The NRC staff does not intend or approve any imposition or backfitting of the guidance in this regulatory guide. The NRC staff does not expect any existing licensee to use or commit to using the guidance in this regulatory guide unless the licensee makes a change to its licensing basis. The NRC staff does not expect or plan to request licensees to adopt this regulatory guide voluntarily to resolve a generic regulatory issue. The NRC staff does not expect or plan to initiate NRC regulatory action that would require the use of this regulatory guide. Examples of such unplanned NRC regulatory actions include issuance of an order requiring the use of the regulatory guide, requests for information under 10 CFR 50.54(f) as to whether a licensee intends to commit to the use of this regulatory guide, and generic communication or promulgation of a rule requiring the use of this regulatory guide without further backfit consideration. During regulatory discussions on plant-specific operational issues, the staff may discuss with licensees various actions consistent with staff positions in this regulatory guide as one acceptable means of meeting the underlying NRC regulatory requirement. Such discussions would not ordinarily be considered backfitting even if prior versions of this regulatory guide are part of the licensing basis of the facility. However, unless this regulatory guide is part of the licensing basis for a facility, the staff may not represent to the licensee that the licensee's failure to comply with the positions in this regulatory guide constitutes a violation.   If an existing licensee voluntarily seeks a license amendment or change and (1) the NRC staff's consideration of the request involves a regulatory issue directly relevant to this new or revised regulatory guide and (2) the specific subject matter of this regulatory guide is an essential consideration in the staff's                                            4  In this section, "licensees" refers to licensees of nuclear power plants under 10 CFR Parts 50 and 52, and the term "applicants" refers to applicants for licenses and permits for (or relating to) nuclear power plants under 10 CFR Parts 50 and 52 and applicants for standard design approvals and standard design certifications under 10 CFR Part 52.  5  In this section, "voluntary" and "voluntarily" mean that the licensee is seeking the action of its own accord without the force of a legally binding requirement or an NRC representation of further licensing or enforcement action.


RG 1.36, Rev. 1, Page 6 determination of the acceptability of the licensee's request, then the staff may request that the licensee either follow the guidance in this regulatory guide or provide an equivalent alternative process that demonstrates compliance with the underlying NRC regulatory requirements. This is not considered backfitting as defined in 10 CFR 50.109(a)(1) or a violation of any of the issue finality provisions in 10 CFR Part 52.  In addition, an existing applicant may be required to comply with new rules, orders, or guidance if 10 CFR 50.109(a)(3) applies.  If a licensee believes that the NRC is either using this regulatory guide or requesting or requiring the licensee to implement the methods or processes in this regulatory guide in a manner inconsistent with the discussion in this Implementation section, then the licensee may file a backfit appeal with the NRC in accordance with the guidance in NUREG-1409, "Backfitting Guidelines" (Ref. 9) and the NRC Management Directive 8.4, "Management of Facility-Specific Backfitting and Information Collection" (Ref. 10).   
$A representative sample should be fully representative of the cross section of the material; that is, it should include proportionate amounts of all components including facing fabrics and finishing layers.
RG 1.36, Rev. 1, Page 7 REFERENCES6  1. U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), "Domestic Licensing of Production and Utilization Facilities," Part 50, Chapter 1, Title 10, "Energy."   
2. Dana, Jr., A.W., "Stress Corrosion Cracking of Insulated Austenitic Stainless Steel," ASTM Bulletin, 1957. (Agencywide Documents and Management System (ADAMS) Accession Number ML14087A400)
3. Whorlow, Kenneth M. et.al., "Effects of Halogens and Inhibitors on the External Stress Corrosion Cracking of Type 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel," STP 1320, "Insulation Materials: Testing and Applications," Vol. 3, American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)7, West Conshohocken, PA.


4. ASTM C795-08 (Reapproved 2013), "Standard Specification for Thermal Insulation for Use in Contact with Austenitic Stainless Steel," West Conshohocken, PA.  5. ASTM C692-13, "Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Influence of Thermal Insulation on External Stress Corrosion Cracking Tendency of Austenitic Stainless Steel," West Conshohocken, PA.
1.36-2


6. ASTM C871-11, "Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Thermal Insulation Materials for Leachable Chloride, Fluoride, Silicate, and Sodium Ions," West Conshohocken, PA.  7. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)8, No. NP-T-3.13, "Stress Corrosion Cracking in Light Water Reactors: Good Practices and Lessons Learned," Nuclear Energy Series, September 2011, Vienna, Austria.  8. ASTM C390-08, (Reapproved 2013), "Standard Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of Thermal Insulation Lots," West Conshohocken, PA.
10,000
1,000
pp (aI SO3 E
0.


9. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), "Backfitting Guidelines," NUREG-1409, issued July 1990, Washington, DC.  10. NRC, "Management of Facility-Specific Backfitting and Information Collection," Management Directive 8.4, Washington, DC                                              6  Publicly available NRC published documents are available electronically through the NRC Library on the NRC's public Web site at http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/ and through the NRC's Agencywide Documents Access and Management System (ADAMS) at http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/adams.html  The documents can also be viewed online or printed for a fee in the NRC's Public Document Room (PDR) at 11555 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD. For problems with ADAMS, contact the PDR staff at 301-415-4737 or (800) 397-4209; fax (301) 415-3548; or e-mail pdr.resource@nrc.gov.  7  Copies of American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards may be purchased from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959; telephone (610) 832-9585. Purchase information is available through the ASTM Web site at http://www.astm.org.    8  Copies of IAEA documents are available at: http://www.iaea.org/Publications/index.html.
0.


}}
100
J~ACCEPT IABLE ANALYSIS
101
1 t11 I
I
11111 IIfI
111
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
ppm (Na + SiO3)
FIGURE 1 ACCEPTABILITY OF INSULATION MATERIAL BASED ON THE
LEACHABLE (CI + F) AND THE LEACHABLE (Na + Si0 3 ) ANALYSES
1.36-3}}


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Latest revision as of 02:07, 17 January 2025

Nonmetallic Thermal Insulation for Austenitic Stainless Steel
ML003740046
Person / Time
Issue date: 02/28/1973
From:
Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research
To:
References
RG-1.36
Download: ML003740046 (3)
v • d • e


U.S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION

REGULATORY

DIRECTORATE OF REGULATORY STANDARDS

REGULATORY GUIDE 1.36 NONMETALLIC THERMAL INSULATION FOR

AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL

A. INTRODUCTION

General Design Criterion 1, "Quality Standards and Records," of Appendix A to 10 CFR Part 50, "General Design Criteria for Nuclear Power Plants," requires that structures, systems, and components important to safety be designed, fabricated, erected, and tested to quality standards commensurate with the importance of the safety function to be performed. In addition, General Design Criteria 14 and 31 require assurance that the reactor coolant pressure boundary will have an extremely low probability of gross rupture or rapidly propagating fracture. Stress-corrosion cracking, which is promoted by certain contaminants, is one mechanism whereby such failures may be postulated. This guide describes an acceptable method for implementing these criteria with regard to the selection and use of nonmetallic thermal insulation to minimize any contamination that could promote stress-corrosion cracking in the stainless steel portions of the reactor coolant pressure boundary and other systems important to safety. This guide applies to light-water-cooled reactors.

The Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards has been consulted concerning this guide and has concurred in the regulatory position.

B. DISCUSSION

Whether sensitized or not, austenitic stainless steel is subject to stress corrosion and should be protected from certain contaminants that can promote cracking.

Chloride and fluoride ions are the most serious contaminants, so it is necessary to minimize the levels of these ions (and others that have the potential to cause stress-corrosion cracking) in all material that may come in contact with austenitic stainless steel.

"Thermal insulation is often employed adjacent to, or m direct contact with, stainless steel piping and components. Accidental spillages and leakages of fluids

2/23/73 GUIDE

through pipe fittings, valves, and equipment cannot be entirely prevented, and contaminants present in the thermal insulation may be leached by these liquidg and leposited on the stainless steel surfaces. Extensive test programs by Dana' and Karnes2 have demonstrated that

tress-corrosion cracking of both unsensitized and
ensitized austenitic stainless steel can be induced by zhloride or fluoride ions leached from many representative thermal lilh lation materials. Karnes has further shown that leachable sodium and silicate ions at least partially inhibit the adverse effects of the chloride and fluoride ions.

Controls should be exercised to assure that nonmetallic thermal insulations employed in nuclear power plants do not contribute significantly to stress corrosion of stainless steel. A quality assurance program should be implemented at all steps from manufacturing through installation to minimize pickup of contaminants from external sources.

Each type3 of insulation should pass an appropriate qualification test (such as those identified in C.2.a.

below)

to demonstrate that under conditions conservatively representing those encountered in reactor operation, the insulation does not induce excessive cracking in stressed stainless steel specimens. A further qualification test should consist of a chemical analysis to demonstrate that the leachable chloride and fluoride ion

'A. W. Dana, Jr., "Stress Corrosion Cracking of Insulated Austenitic Stainless Steel," ASTM Bulletin, October 1957.

SH. F. Karnes, "The Corrosion Potential of Wetted Thermal Insulation,"

presented at American Institute of Chemical Engineers 57th National Meeting, September 1965 (Conf

650905-2).

"aType means material of similar composition, form, and class and of consistent quality, formulation, and manufacturing process.

USAEC REGULATORY GUIDES

Copies of published guides may be obtained by request indicating the divisions desired to the US. Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, D.C. 20645, Regulatory Guides we lsued to describe end make available to the public Attention: Director of Regulatory Standards. Comments and suggestions for methods acceptable to the AEC Regulatory staff of implementing specific parts of Improvemants in thes guides ae encouraged and should be sent to the Secretary the Commission's regulations, to delineate techniques used by the staff in of the Commission, US. Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, D.C. 20545, evaluating specific problems or postulated accidents, or to provide guidance to Attention: Chief, Public Proceedings Staff.

applicants. Regulatory Guides are not substitutes for regulations end compliance with them Is not required. Methods and solutions different from those set out in The guides are Issued in the following ten broad divisions:

the guides will be acceptable if they provide a basis for the findings requisite to the issuance or continuance of a permit or license by the Commission.

1. Power Reactors

6. Products

2. Research end Test Reactors

7. Transportation

3. Fuels and Materials Facilities

5. Occupational Health Published guides will be revised periodically, as appropriate, to accommodate

4. Environmental and Siting

9. Antitrust Review comments and to reflect new information or experience.

S. Materials and Plant Protection

1

0. General

concentrations are within acceptable levels and that sufficient quantities of the corrosion inhibiting ions (sodium and silicate) are present in the insulation.

The following procedures may be used in the chemical analyses4 for chlorides and fluorides:

1. American Society foe Testing and Materials (ASTM) D512 -

"Tests for Chloride Ion in Industrial Water and Industrial Waste Water;" and

2.

ASTM Dl 179 -Tests for Fluoride Ion in Industrial Water and Industrial Waste Water.p Silicates may be analyzed using ASTM E60,

"Photometric Methods for Chemical Analysis of Metals," by either of the following methods:

1. ASTM E62 Molybdisilicic acid method; or

2.

ASTM E120 or E146 -

Molybdenum blue method.

Sodium ion concentrations may be obtained by either spectrographic or flame photometric methods.

Further, each lot5 of insulation should be analyzed to demonstrate that chlorides and fluorides are being maintained at acceptable levels and that the composition is representative of the material employed in the qualification test. The production lot is considered representative if the levels of the principal leachable promotors (chloride and fluoride ions) and inhibitors (sodium and silicate ions) of stress-corrosion cracking are within fifty percent of the corresponding values determined for the qualification sample.

C. REGULATORY POSITION

The levels of leachable contaminants in nonmetallic insulation materials 6 that come in contact with austenitic stainless steels of the American Iron & Steel Institute (AISI) Type 3XX series used in fluid systems important to safety should be carefully controlled so that stress-corrosion cracking is not promoted. In particular, the 1-table chlorides and fluorides should be held to the lo vest practicable levels. Insulation for the above application should meet the following conditions:

'Samples for chemical analysis may be prepared by the procedure described in Reactor Development & Technology (RDT) M1 2-iT, Para. 6.1-6.3. Copies may be obtained from RDT

Standards Office, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Building

1000, P.O. Box X, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830.

'A lot is defined as the thermal insulation material of the same composition, form, type, grade, and class produced at one plant under the same conditions over a limited time span and designated by the producer as a production lot.

1. All insulating materials should be manufactured, processed, packaged, shipped, stored, and installed in a manner that will limit, to the maximum extent practical, chloride and fluoride contamination from external sources.

2.

Qualification Test: Each type3 of insulating material should be qualified by the manufacturer or supplier for use by:

a.

An appropriate test to reasonably assure that the insulation formulation does not induce stress corrosion. Two acceptable tests are:

(1) ASTM C692-71, "Standard Method for Evaluating Stress Corrosion Effect of Wicking-Type Thermal Insulations on Stainless Steel" (Dana Test). The material should be rejected if more than one of five specimens crack; and

(2) RDT M12-1T,7 "Test Requirements for Thermal Insulating Materials for Use on Austenitic Stainless Steel," Section 5, (Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory (KAPL) Test). The material should be rejected if more than one of four specimens crack.

b.

Chemical analysis to determine the ion concentrations of leachable chloride, fluoride, sodium, and silicate. Insulating material that is not demonstrated by the analysis to be within the acceptable region of Figure 1 of this guide should be rejected. This analysis should also be used as a comparison basis for the production test specified in C.3. below.

3.

Production Test: A representative sample8 from each production lots of insulation material to be used adjacent to, or in contact with, austenitic stainless steels used in fluid systems important to safety should be chemically analyzed to determine leachable chloride, fluoride, sodium, and silicate ion concentrations as in C.2.a. above. The lot should be accepted only if:

a.

The analysis shows the material to be within the acceptable region of Figure 1; and b.

Neither the sum of chloride plus fluoride ion concentrations nor the sum of sodium plus silicate ion concentrations determined by this analysis deviates by more than 50 percent from the values determined on the sample used to qualify the insulation in C.2. above.

4.

Requalification: When a change is made in the type, nature, or quality of the ingredients, the formulation, or the manufacturing process, the insulation material should be requalified by repeating the tests described in C.2. above.

'Thermal insulating materials include block insulation, pipe insulation, board and blanket and the cements and adhesives employed in their application.

"1Copies may be obtained from RDT Standards Office, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Building 1000, P.O. Box X, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830.

$A representative sample should be fully representative of the cross section of the material; that is, it should include proportionate amounts of all components including facing fabrics and finishing layers.

1.36-2

10,000

1,000

pp (aI SO3 E

0.

0.

100

J~ACCEPT IABLE ANALYSIS

101

1 t11 I

I

11111 IIfI

111

100

1,000

10,000

100,000

ppm (Na + SiO3)

FIGURE 1 ACCEPTABILITY OF INSULATION MATERIAL BASED ON THE

LEACHABLE (CI + F) AND THE LEACHABLE (Na + Si0 3 ) ANALYSES

1.36-3


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