ML25100A181
| ML25100A181 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Millstone  |
| Issue date: | 04/10/2025 |
| From: | Goolsbey M Dominion Energy, Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut |
| To: | Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation, Document Control Desk |
| References | |
| 25-071 | |
| Download: ML25100A181 (1) | |
Text
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc.
Millstone Power Station 314 Rope Ferry Road, Waterford, CT 06385 DominionEnergy.com U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Attention: Document Control Desk Washington, DC 20555-0001 APR 1 0 2025 DOMINION ENERGY NUCLEAR CONNECTICUT, INC.
MILLSTONE POWER STATION UNITS 1, 21 AND 3
~
Dominion
=--" Energy**
Serial No.
MPS Lie/LO Docket Nos.
License Nos.25-071 RO 50-245 50-336 50-423 DPR-21 DPR-65 NPF-49 2024 ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT (REOR)
This letter transmits the Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report for the Millstone Power Station, for the period January 1, 2024, through December 31, 2024.
This satisfies the provisions of Section 5.7.2 of Millstone Power Station Unit 1 Permanently Defueled Technical Specifications (POTS), and Sections 6.9.1.6A and 6.9.1.3 of the Millstone Power Station Units 2 and 3 Technical Specifications, respectively.
Should you have any questions, please contact Ms. Lori Kelley at (860) 447-1791 x Ext 6520.
Sincerely,
~~~!
Director, Nuclear Station Safety and Licensing Attachments:
1 Commitments made in this letter:
- 1. None.
Serial No.25-071 2024 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report Page 2 of 4 cc:
U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Region I 475 Allendale Rd., Suite 102 King of Prussia, PA 19406-1415 P. Longmire NRC Project Manager Millstone Unit 1 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission One White Flint North, Mail Stop 5-A10 11555 Rockville Pike Rockville, MD 20852-2738 L. A. Kauffman NRC Inspector U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Region I 475 Allendale Rd., Suite 102 King of Prussia, PA 19406-1415 Nick Eckhoff NRC Inspector U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Region I 475 Allendale Rd., Suite 102 King of Prussia, PA 19406-1415 R. V. Guzman NRC Project Manager Millstone Units 2 and 3 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission One White Flint North, Mail Stop 08 C2 11555 Rockville Pike Rockville, MD 20852-2738 NRC Senior Resident Inspector Millstone Power Station
Serial No.25-071 2024 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report Page 3 of 4 Director Bureau of Air Management Monitoring & Radiation Division Department of Energy and Environmental Protection 79 Elm Street Hartford, CT 06106-5127 A. Honnellio Regional Radiation Representative (EPA Region 1, Boston)
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (Region 1) 5 Post Office Square Suite 100 Boston, MA 02109 G. Allen Jr.
Department of Health and Human Services U. S. Food and Drug Administration 140 Shrewsbury Street, Suite 1 Boylston, MA 01501 M. Bachman Executive Director Connecticut Siting Council 10 Franklin Square New Britain, CT 06051 J. P. Kelley Waterford-East Lyme Shellfish Commission Waterford Town Hall 15 Rope Ferry Road, Waterford, CT 06385 J. Folkwein American Nuclear Insurers 95 Glastonbury Blvd.
Glastonbury, CT 06033 D. Carey Connecticut Department of Agriculture Aquaculture Division P. O. Box 97 Millford, CT 06460
Serial No.25-071 2024 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report Page 4 of 4 R. Brule First Selectman Town of Waterford Waterford Town Hall 15 Rope Ferry Road Waterford, CT 06385 Daniel Cunningham First Selectman Town of East Lyme PO Box 519 Niantic, CT 06357 Jane Strudwick Head of Acquisitions & Discovery University Of Connecticut Library 369 Fairfield Way, Unit 1005 Storrs, CT 06269-1005
Serial No.25-071 Docket Nos. 50-245 50-336 50-423 License Nos. DPR-21 DPR-65 NPF-49 ATTACHMENT 1 2024 ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT MILLSTONE POWER STATION UNITS 1, 2, AND 3 DOMINION ENERGY NUCLEAR CONNECTICUT, INC. (DENC)
Millstone Power Station 2024 Radiological Environmental Operating Report January 1, 2024 - December 31, 2024 Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc.
Unit License Docket 1
DPR-21 50-245 2
DPR-65 50-336 3
NPF-49 50-423 i 1, Dominion
- iii" Energy
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
MILLSTONE POWER STATION RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM 2024 Millstone Power Station Unit 1, DOCKET NO. 50-245 Millstone Power Station Unit 2, DOCKET NO. 50-336 Millstone Power Station Unit 3, DOCKET NO. 50-423 Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc.
Waterford, Connecticut ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
~ TABLE OF CONTENTS ~
EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
...................................................................................................................... i
- 1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1.
Overview....................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2.
Radiation and Radioactivity.......................................................................... 1-1 1.3.
Sources of Radiation.................................................................................... 1-2 1.4.
Nuclear Reactor Operations......................................................................... 1-3 1.5.
Radioactive Effluent Control......................................................................... 1-8 1.6.
Radiological Impact on Humans................................................................... 1-10
- 2. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION.................................................................................. 2-1 2.1 Sampling Schedule and Locations................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Samples Collected During Report Period......................................................... 2-8 2.3 Required Samples Not Collected During the Report Period............................. 2-8
- 3. RADIOCHEMICAL RESULTS............................................................................... 3-1 3.1 Summary Tables............................................................................................. 3-1 3.2 Data Tables.................................................................................................... 3-7
- 4. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS................................................................................ 4-1 4.1 Gamma Exposure Rate (Table 1)............................................................... 4-1 4.2 Air Particulate Gross Beta Radioactivity (Table 2)..................................... 4-4 4.3 Air Iodine (Table 3).................................................................................... 4-5 4.4 Air Particulate Gamma (Table 4)................................................................ 4-5 4.5 Soil (Table 5)............................................................................................. 4-5 4.6 Cow Milk (Table 6)..................................................................................... 4-6 4.7 Well Water (Table 7).................................................................................. 4-6 4.8 Fruits and Vegetables (Table 8)................................................................. 4-6 4.9 Broad Leaf Vegetation (Table 9)................................................................ 4-6 4.10 Seawater (Table 10).................................................................................. 4-6 4.11 Bottom Sediment (Table 11)...................................................................... 4-8 4.12 Aquatic Flora (Table 12)............................................................................. 4-8 4.13 Fish (Table 13)........................................................................................... 4-8 4.14 Oysters (Table 14)..................................................................................... 4-8 4.15 Clams (Table 15)....................................................................................... 4-8 4.16 Lobsters (Table 16).................................................................................... 4-8
- 5. REFERENCES...................................................................................................... 5-1 APPENDIX A - LAND USE CENSUS FOR 2024...................................................... A-1 APPENDIX B -
SUMMARY
OF INTERLABORATORY COMPARISONS................. B-1 APPENDIX C - ERRATUM........................................................................................ C-1
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024 i
EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION This report summarizes the results of the Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program (REMP) conducted in the vicinity of the Millstone Power Station (MPS) during the period from January 1, 2024, to December 31, 2024. This document has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the separate MPS Unit 1 (MPS1) Permanently Defueled Technical Specifications and the Technical Specifications for Millstone Units 2 and 3 (MPS2 and MPS3).
The REMP has been established to monitor the radiation and radioactivity released to the environment as a result of MPS operation. This program, initiated in April 1967, includes the collection, analysis, and evaluation of radiological data to assess the impact of MPS on the environment and on the general public.
SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS The environmental sampling media collected in the vicinity of MPS and at distant locations included aquatic, atmospheric, and terrestrial samples. These samples were air particulate filters, charcoal cartridges, soil, well water, broadleaf vegetation, fruits and vegetables, seawater, bottom sediment, aquatic flora, fish, oysters, clams, and lobsters.
During 2024, there were 524 samples collected from the atmospheric, aquatic, and terrestrial environments. In addition, 172 exposure measurements were obtained using environmental thermo luminescent dosimeters (TLDs). A discussion of all discrepancies from the sample collection requirements in the MPS Radiological Effluent Monitoring and Offsite Dose Calculation Manual (REMODCM) is given in Section 2.3 of this report. Teledyne Brown Engineering, Inc. of Knoxville, Tennessee performed the sample analyses and Environmental Dosimetry Company of Sterling, Massachusetts, performed the TLD analyses.
LAND USE CENSUS The annual land use census in the vicinity of MPS was conducted as required by the MPS REMODCM. To determine the dairy exposure pathway, a list of cow milk and goat milk locations is established. The list of cow milk locations is identified by a review of the annual registration information obtained from the State of Connecticut Department of Agriculture. The list of goat milk locations is identified by the information obtained from the American Dairy Goat Association list and by inspections performed in the field. Although broadleaf sampling was performed and may be used in lieu of a garden census, gardens were included in the 2024 census. Only vegetable gardens having an area of more than 500 square feet were identified. Due to the difficulty of measuring individual gardens, the nearest garden within each directional sector identified by a drive-by survey is listed. However, for dose calculation, garden distances are based on nearest resident assuming that a resident may plant a new garden. This gives a more conservative dose estimate.
RADIOLOGICAL IMPACT TO THE ENVIRONMENT The radionuclides detected in some samples were from non-station, naturally occurring radionuclides.
All terrestrial samples collected as part of the MPS REMP did not show any station related isotopes.
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024 ii
The seawater exiting the stations quarry is monitored for all station generated radionuclides.
Tritium was only found in seawater onsite inside the mixing zone of the quarry discharge at levels that were expected from routine station operation.
Offsite ambient radiation measurements using environmental TLDs beyond the site boundary ranged between 38 - 101 milliroentgens (mrem) per year. The range of ambient radiation levels observed with the TLDs is consistent with natural background radiation levels for Connecticut.
RADIOLOGICAL IMPACT TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC During 2024, radiation doses to the general public as a result of Millstone's operation continued to be well below the federal limits and much less than the dose due to other sources of man-made (e.g., X-rays, medical) and naturally occurring (e.g., cosmic, radon) radiation.
The calculated total body (whole body) dose to the maximally exposed member of the public from radioactive effluents and ambient radiation resulting from MPS operations for 2024 was approximately 0.41 mrem for the year. This conservative estimate is well below the Environmental Protection Agencys (EPA) annual dose limit to any member of the general public and is a fraction of a percent of the typical dose received from natural and other sources of man-made radiation.
CONCLUSIONS The 2024 REMP for MPS resulted in the collection and analysis of 696 environmental samples and measurements. The data obtained were used to determine the impact of Millstone's operation on the environment and on the general public.
An evaluation of direct radiation measurements, environmental sample analyses, and dose calculations indicates all applicable federal criteria were met with margin. Furthermore, radiation levels and the consequential dose from station operation were small in comparison to those attributed to naturally occurring and man-made background radiation.
Based on this information, there is no significant radiological impact on the environment or on the general public due to Millstones operation. The 2024 REMP samples results are consistent with previous years with no trends evident.
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024 11
- 1. INTRODUCTION This section provides an overview of the MPS REMP. It also includes background information to allow a reader to have an informed understanding of radiation and nuclear power operation.
1.1 Overview The 2024 REMP performed by Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut (DENC) for MPS is discussed in this report. Since the operation of a nuclear power station results in the release of small amounts of radioactivity and low levels of radiation, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) requires by regulations and technical specifications that a program be established to monitor radiation and radioactivity in the environment (References 1, 6, 9, 10, & 11). This report published annually per Millstones Technical Specifications (section 5.7.2 for MPS1, section 6.9.1.6a for MPS2 and Section 6.9.1.3 for MPS3), summarizes the results of measurements of radiation and radioactivity in the environment in the vicinity of the MPS and at distant locations during the period January 1, 2024, to December 31, 2024.
The REMP consists of taking radiation measurements and collecting samples from the environment, analyzing them for radioactivity content, and interpreting the results. With emphasis on the critical radiation exposure pathways to humans, samples from the aquatic, atmospheric, and terrestrial environments are collected. These samples include, but are not limited to air, soil, well water, broadleaf vegetation, fruits, vegetables, seawater, bottom sediment, aquatic flora, fish, oysters, clams, and lobsters.
Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) are placed in the environment to measure gamma radiation levels. The TLDs are processed, and the environmental samples are analyzed to measure the very low levels of radiation and radioactivity present in the environment as a result of MPS operation and other natural and man-made sources. These results are reviewed by Millstone's radiological staff and have been reported semiannually or annually to the NRC and others for over 30 years.
To more fully understand how a nuclear power station impacts humans and the environment, background information on radiation and radioactivity, natural and man-made sources of radiation, reactor operations, radioactive effluent controls, and radiological impact on humans is provided. It is believed that this information will assist the reader in understanding the radiological impact on the environment and humans from the operation of Millstone.
1.2 Radiation and Radioactivity All matter is made of atoms. Nuclear radiation is energy or particles that are given off from atoms in an excited state (e.g., unstable, radioactive atoms).
Radioactive material exists naturally and has always been a part of our environment. The earth's crust, for example, contains radioactive uranium, radium, thorium, and potassium. Some radioactivity is a result of fallout from nuclear weapons testing. Examples of radioactive fallout that could be present in environmental samples are cesium-137 and strontium-90. Some examples of radioactive materials released from a nuclear power station are hydrogen-3 (tritium),
cesium-137, iodine-131, strontium-90, and cobalt-60.
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024 12
Radiation is measured in units of mrem, much like temperature is measured in degrees. A mrem is a measure of the biological effect of the energy deposited in tissue. The letter m is for milli, or one-thousandth of a rem. The word rem is an acronym for roentgen equivalent man. One rem is equal to a rad multiplied by factors to account for type of radiation and distribution within the body. The word rad is an acronym for radiation absorbed dose. One rad is equal to the absorption of 100 ergs of energy per gram of tissue. The natural and man-made radiation dose received in one year by the average American is 300 to 600 mrem (References 2, 3, 4 & 5). The per capita dose has increased since the early 1980s because of the increased usage of medical procedures involving exposure to radiation (Reference 3).
Radioactivity is measured in Curies. Levels of radioactivity commonly seen in the environment are typically a small fraction of a Curie, therefore radioactivity in the environment is typically measured in picocuries. One picocurie (pCi) is one-trillionth of a Curie and is equal to 0.037 disintegrations per second (2.22 disintegrations per minute).
1.3 Sources of Radiation As mentioned previously, naturally occurring radioactivity has always been a part of our environment. Table 1.3-1 shows the sources and doses of radiation from natural and man-made sources.
Table 1.3-1 Radiation Sources and Corresponding Approximate Doses(1)
NATURAL MAN-MADE Source Radiation Dose (mrem/year)
Source Radiation Dose (mrem/year)
Internal, inhalation(2) 228 Medical(3) 300 External, space 33 Consumer(4) 12.3 Internal, ingestion 29 Industrial, security, educational, research 0.3 External, terrestrial 21 Occupational 0.5
Weapons Fallout
< 1
Nuclear Power Stations
< 1 Approximate Total 311 Approximate Total 314 (1) information from References 3 and 4 (2) from radon and thoron (3) includes computerized tomography (147 mrem), nuclear medicine (77 mrem), interventional fluoroscopy (43 mrem) and conventional radiography and fluoroscopy (33 mrem)
(4) primarily from cigarette smoking (4.6 mrem), commercial air travel (3.4 mrem), building materials (3.5 mrem) and mining and agriculture (0.8 mrem)
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc.
Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024 13 Cosmic radiation (external, space) from the sun and outer space penetrates the earth's atmosphere and continuously bombards us with rays and charged particles. Some of this cosmic radiation interacts with gases and particles in the atmosphere, making them radioactive. These radioactive byproducts from cosmic ray bombardment are referred to as cosmogenic radionuclides. Isotopes such as beryllium-7 and carbon-14 are formed in this way. Exposure to cosmic and cosmogenic sources of radioactivity results in about 33 mrem of radiation dose per year.
Additionally, natural radioactivity is in our body and in the food, we eat (about 29 mrem/year),
the ground we walk on (about 21 mrem/year) and the air we breathe (about 228 mrem/year).
Most of a person's annual dose results from exposure to radon and thoron in the air we breathe. These gases and their radioactive decay products arise from the decay of naturally occurring uranium, thorium and radium in the soil and building products such as brick, stone, and concrete. Radon and thoron levels vary greatly with location, primarily due to changes in the concentration of uranium and thorium in the soil. Residents at some locations in Colorado, New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and even Connecticut have a higher annual dose because of higher levels of radon/thoron gases in these areas. In total, these various sources of naturally occurring radiation and radioactivity contribute to a total dose of about 311 mrem per year.
In addition to natural radiation, we are normally exposed to radiation from a number of man-made sources. The single largest doses from man-made sources result from therapeutic and diagnostic applications of x-rays and radiopharmaceuticals. The annual dose to an individual in the United States from medical and dental exposure is approximately 300 mrem.
Consumer products/uses, such as cigarettes, building materials and commercial air travel contribute about 13 mrem/year. Much smaller doses result from weapons fallout (less than 1 mrem/year) and nuclear power stations (less than 1 mrem/year). Typically, the average person in the United States receives approximately 314 mrem per year from man-made sources.
1.4 Nuclear Reactor Operations MPS generates about 2100 megawatts of electricity at full power, which provides approximately 47% of the power consumed in the State of Connecticut. MPS2 and MPS3 are pressurized water reactors (MPS1, which is permanently shut down, was a boiling water reactor). The nuclear station is located on an approximate 500-acre site about three miles (five kilometers) west of New London, Connecticut. Commercial operation of MPS2 began in December 1975 and MPS3 in May 1986.
In 2024, MPS had one planned refueling outage for MP2 in October, and two forced shutdowns for MP3 in January and September. The annual capacity factor for MPS2 was 89.36% and for MPS3 was 92.93%.
Nuclear-generated electricity is produced by many of the same techniques used for conventional oil and coal-generated electricity. Both systems use heat to boil water to produce steam. The steam turns a turbine, which turns a generator, producing electricity. In both cases, the steam passes through a condenser where it changes back into water and re-circulates back through the system (see Figure 1.4-1). The cooling water source for MPS is the Niantic Bay.
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024 14
The key difference between nuclear power and conventional power is the source of heat used to boil the water. Conventional stations burn fossil fuels in a boiler, while nuclear stations use uranium fission in a nuclear reactor.
Inside the reactor, a nuclear reaction called fission takes place. Particles, called neutrons, strike the nucleus of a uranium-235 atom, causing it to split into fragments called radioactive fission products. The splitting of the atoms releases both heat and more neutrons. The newly released neutrons then collide with and split other uranium atoms, thus making more heat and releasing even more neutrons, and on and on until the uranium fuel is depleted or spent. This process is called a chain reaction. When this chain reaction is self-sustaining, the reactor is called critical.
The operation of a nuclear reactor results in the release of small amounts of radioactivity and low levels of radiation. The radioactivity originates from two major sources, radioactive fission products and radioactive activation products. Radioactive fission products, as illustrated in Figure 1.4-1, originate from the fissioning of the nuclear fuel. These fission products get into the reactor coolant from their release by minute amounts of uranium on the outside surfaces of the fuel cladding, by diffusion through the fuel pellets and cladding and, on occasion, through defects or failures in the fuel cladding. These fission products circulate along with the reactor coolant water and will deposit on the internal surfaces of pipes and equipment. The radioactive fission products on the pipes and equipment emit radiation. Examples of some fission products are krypton-85 (Kr-85), strontium-90 (Sr-90), iodine-131 (I-131), xenon-133 (Xe-133), and cesium-137 (Cs-137).
Figure 1.4-1: SIMPLIFIED DIAGRAM OF A PRESSURIZED WATER REACTOR
Pressurized w ate r reactor-a common type of Light Water Reactor (LWR)
~ ::=:~==~
TURBINE EAM GENERAT
<?,N
l coNOENSER COOLING WATER
_ _.TAK.ING WASTE HEAT TOTHE ENVI.RONMENT
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024 15
Nuclear Fission: fission is the splitting of atoms (e.g., uranium-235) by a neutron to release heat and more neutrons, creating a chain reaction. Radiation and fission products are by-products of the process as illustrated in Figure 1.4-2.
Figure 1.4-2: Radioactive Fission Product Formation
Neutron.--.
Fission Products uranium uranium Neutrons Radiation Fission Products
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024 16
Radioactive activation products (Figure 1.4-3), on the other hand, originate from two sources.
The first is by neutron bombardment of the hydrogen, oxygen and other gas (helium, argon, nitrogen) molecules in the reactor cooling water. The second is a result of the fact that the internals of any piping system or component are subject to minute yet constant corrosion from the reactor cooling water. These minute metallic particles (for example: nickel, iron, cobalt, or magnesium) are transported through the reactor core into the fuel region, where neutrons may react with the nuclei of these particles, producing radioactive products. Therefore, activation products are nothing more than ordinary naturally-occurring atoms that are made unstable or radioactive by neutron bombardment. These activation products circulate along with the reactor coolant water and will deposit on the internal surfaces of pipes and equipment. The radioactive activation products on the pipes and equipment emit radiation. Examples of some activation products are manganese-54 (Mn-54), iron-59 (Fe-59), cobalt-60 (Co-60), and zinc-65 (Zn-65).
Figure 1.4-3: Radioactive Activation Product Formation At MPS there are five independent protective barriers that confine these radioactive materials.
These five barriers are:
fuel pellets; fuel cladding; reactor vessel and associated piping and equipment; primary containment; and secondary containment (enclosure building).
0 Neutron collision with Co-59 Stable Cobalt Nucleus Co-60 Radioactive Cobalt Nucleus
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024 17
The ceramic uranium fuel pellets provide the first barrier. Most of the radioactive fission products are either physically trapped or chemically bound between the uranium atoms, where they will remain. However, a few fission products that are volatile or gaseous may diffuse through the fuel pellets into small gaps between the pellets and the fuel cladding.
The second barrier, the fuel cladding, consists of zirconium alloy tubes that confine the fuel pellets. The small gaps between the fuel and the cladding contain the noble gases and volatile iodines that are types of radioactive fission products. This radioactivity can diffuse to a small extent through the fuel cladding into the reactor coolant water. Radioactivity can also escape into coolant water through cladding defects and failures.
The third barrier consists of the reactor pressure vessel, steel piping and equipment that confine the reactor cooling water. The reactor pressure vessel, which holds the reactor fuel, is typically a steel tank 40 feet high by 14 feet in diameter with walls about five to nine inches thick. These vessels and associated piping provide containment for radioactivity in the primary coolant and the reactor core. However, during the course of operations and maintenance, small amounts of radioactive fission and activation products can escape through valve leaks or upon breaching of the primary coolant system for maintenance.
The fourth barrier is the primary containment. It is a cylindrical enclosure with approximately five-foot thick steel reinforced concrete walls lined by steel on the inside. During operation the containment is closed but small amounts of radioactivity may be released from primary containment by venting during operation to maintain proper containment pressure. During maintenance and refueling outages containment is open and small amounts of radioactivity is released during this time when the fuel has been moved out of the reactor cavity in containment.
The fifth barrier is the secondary containment or enclosure building. The enclosure building is a steel building that surrounds the primary containment. This barrier is an additional safety feature at Millstones reactor units to contain radioactivity that may escape from the primary containment.
This enclosure building is equipped with a filtered ventilation system that is used when needed to reduce the radioactivity that escapes from the primary containment.
The five barriers confine most of the radioactive fission and activation products. However, small amounts of radioactivity do escape via mechanical failures and maintenance on valves, piping, and equipment associated with the reactor cooling water system. The small amounts of radioactive liquids and gases that do escape the various containment systems are further controlled by the liquid purification and ventilation filtration systems. The control of radioactive effluents at MPS will be discussed in more detail in the next section.
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024 18
1.5 Radioactive Effluent Control The small amounts of radioactive liquids and gases that might escape the first two barriers are processed in the liquid and gaseous waste treatment systems, then monitored for radioactivity, and released only if the radioactivity levels are below the federal release limits.
Radioactivity released from the liquid effluent system to the environment is limited, controlled and monitored by a variety of systems and procedures which include:
reactor water cleanup system; liquid radioactive waste treatment system; sampling and analysis of the liquid radioactive waste tanks; and liquid waste effluent discharge radioactivity monitor.
The purpose of the reactor water cleanup system is to continuously purify the reactor cooling water by removing radioactive atoms and non-radioactive impurities that may become activated by neutron bombardment. A slip stream of the reactor coolant water is diverted from the primary coolant system and is directed through ion exchange resins where radioactive elements, dissolved and suspended in the water, are removed through chemical processes.
The net effect is a substantial reduction of the radioactive material that is present in the primary coolant water and consequently the amount of radioactive material that might escape from the system.
Reactor cooling water that might escape the primary cooling system and other radioactive water sources are collected in floor and equipment drains. These drains direct this radioactive liquid waste to large holdup tanks. The liquid waste collected in the tanks is purified again using the liquid radioactive waste treatment system, which consists of a filter and ion exchange resins.
Processing of liquid radioactive waste results in large reductions of radioactivity in liquids discharged into Niantic Bay. Wastes processed through liquid radioactive waste treatment can be purified and, in some cases, re-used in station systems.
Prior to release, the radioactivity in any liquid radioactive waste tank is sampled and analyzed to determine if the level of radioactivity is below the release limits and to quantify the total amount of radioactive liquid effluent that will be released. If the levels are below the federal release limits, the tank is drained to the liquid effluent discharge header.
This liquid waste effluent discharge line is provided with a shielded radioactivity monitor. This detector is connected to a radiation level meter and a recorder in the Control Room. The radiation alarm is set so that the detector will alarm before radioactivity levels exceed the release limits. In addition to the alarm function, the radiation monitor also signals both discharge valves to close thus terminating the discharge release to the environment. Gamma spectroscopy analysis, tritium analysis and the effluent radiation monitors prevent any liquid radioactivity from being released in excess of release rate and total activity limits. An audible alarm notifies the Control Room operator that this has occurred.
Some liquid waste sources, which have a low potential for containing radioactivity, and/or may contain very low levels of contamination, may be discharged directly to the environment.
One such source of liquid is the turbine building sump. However, periodic representative samples are collected for analysis of radioactivity content to track the amounts of radioactivity being discharged.
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024 19
The preceding discussion illustrates that many controls exist to reduce the radioactive liquid effluents released to the environment to as far below the release limits as is reasonably achievable.
Radioactive releases from the radioactive gaseous effluent system to the environment are limited, controlled, and monitored by a variety of systems and procedures which include:
containment building ventilation system; containment building radioactivity monitors; sampling and analysis of containment building vent and purge effluents; process gas treatment system; auxiliary building (and engineered safeguards and fuel building for MPS3) ventilation system; MPS stack and units vent effluent radioactivity monitors; sampling and analysis of MPS stack and units vent effluents; process radiation monitors; and steam jet air ejector (SJAE) monitor.
The primary sources of gaseous radioactive waste are degassing of the primary coolant, gaseous liquid drains, and gaseous vents. Additional sources of gaseous waste activity include ventilation air released from the auxiliary building and purging and venting of the containment building. The radiation level meter and recorders for the effluent radioactivity monitors are located in the Control Room. The station process computer aids in tracking the monitor readings. To supplement the information continuously provided by the detector, air samples are taken periodically from the units containments, MPS stack and units vents. These samples are analyzed to quantify the total amount of radioactive gases, radioactive iodine, radioactive particulate, and tritium released in gaseous effluents.
Gases from the primary coolant are held up in waste gas decay tanks for decay at MPS2.
Gaseous waste at MPS3 is purified through a process gas system, consisting of high-efficiency particulate air filters and charcoal absorber beds. Gases from periodic venting of the MPS2 containment are released through a similar process system (Enclosure Building Filtration System) while gases from the MPS3 containment vacuum pumps are released without treatment.
If necessary, MPS3 containment air can be filtered by an internal particulate and charcoal treatment system. Containment purges (purge is the forced ventilation process while containment vents are pressure releases) for MPS2 are filtered by high-efficiency particulate filters while at MPS3 these are not normally filtered. If necessary, particulate and charcoal filters can be used for these purges.
Normally, for MPS2, the air released from the unit vent is from the ventilation of the auxiliary (which includes the fuel pool), service and enclosure buildings. For MPS2, fuel pool and enclosure building ventilation can be redirected to the MPS Site Stack. Normally, for MPS3, the air released from the unit vent is from the ventilation of the auxiliary, fuel, service, waste disposal and enclosure buildings. For MPS3, enclosure building ventilation can be redirected to the MPS Site Stack.
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024 110
Therefore, for both liquid and gaseous releases, radioactive effluent control systems exist to collect and purify the radioactive effluents in order to reduce releases to the environment to as low as is reasonably achievable. The effluents are always monitored, sampled and analyzed to make sure that radioactivity levels are below the release limits. If the release limits are being approached, isolation valves are closed to stop the release and ensure that federal regulatory limits are always met.
1.6 Radiological Impact on Humans The final step in the effluent control process is the determination of the radiological dose impact to humans and comparison with the federal dose limits to the public. As mentioned previously, the purpose of continuous radiation monitoring and periodic sampling and analysis is to measure the quantities of radioactivity being released to determine compliance with the radioactivity release limits. This is the first stage for assessing releases to the environment.
The second stage is calculation of the dose impact to the general public from MPSs radioactive effluents. The purpose of this calculation is to periodically assess the dose to the general public resulting from radioactive effluents to ensure that the dose is being maintained as far below the federal dose limit as is reasonably achievable. This is the second stage for assessing releases to the environment.
The types and quantities of radioactive liquid and gaseous effluents released from MPS during each year are reported to the NRC annually in the Radiological Effluent Release Report (RERR).
Similar to this report, the RERR is submitted annually to the NRC. The liquid and gaseous effluents were well below the federal release limits and were a small percentage of the MPS REMODCM effluent control limits.
The measurements of the physical and chemical nature of the effluents are used to determine how the radionuclides will interact with the environment and how they can result in radiation exposure to humans. The environmental interaction mechanisms depend upon factors such as the hydrological (water) and meteorological (atmospheric) characteristics in the area.
Information on the water flow, wind speed, wind direction, and atmospheric mixing characteristics are used to estimate how radioactivity will distribute and disperse in the ocean and the atmosphere.
The most important type of information that is used to evaluate the radiological impact on humans is data on the use of the environment. Information on fish and shellfish consumption, boating usage, beach usage, locations of cows and goats, locations of residences, locations of gardens, and other usage information are utilized to estimate the amount of radiation and radioactivity received by the general public.
The radiation exposure pathway to humans is the path radioactivity takes from its release point at MPS to its effect on man. The movement of radioactivity through the environment and its transport to humans is portrayed in Figure 1.6-1.
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024 111
EXAMPLES OF Millstones RADIATION EXPOSURE PATHWAYS Figure 1.6-1: Radiation Exposure Pathways
LIQUID EFFLUENTS DIRECT RADIATION IL DEPOSITION)
- 1. SHORELINE DIRECT RADIATION (FISHING, PICNIC.ING) ~
- 2. DIRECT RADIATION (IMMERSION IN OCEAN, (OAT;, SWIMMING)
- 3. DIRECT RADIATION (STATION),
2 AIR INHALATION c/ 1. DIRECT RADIATION (AIR SUBMERSION)
- t c/
- 5. CONSUMPTION (VEGETATION)
~
t DEPOSITION
(/
DEPOSITION
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024 112
There are four pathways in which liquid effluents affect humans:
external radiation from liquid effluents that deposits and accumulates on the shoreline; external radiation during boating from radioactivity in ocean water; external radiation from immersion in ocean water containing radioactivity; and internal radiation from consumption of fish and shellfish containing radioactivity absorbed from the liquid effluents.
There are six major pathways in which gaseous effluents affect humans:
external radiation from immersion in an airborne plume of radioactivity; external radiation from shine from an overhead, airborne plume of radioactivity; internal radiation from inhalation of airborne radioactivity; external radiation from deposition of radioactive effluents on the ground; internal radiation from consumption of vegetation containing radioactivity deposited on the vegetation from airborne deposition and absorbed from the soil due to ground deposition of radioactive effluents; and internal radiation from consumption of milk and meat containing radioactivity deposited on forage that is eaten by cattle and other livestock.
Drinking water is not a pathway of exposure for radioactivity released in liquid or gaseous effluents from Millstone. All liquid effluents are released to either Long Island Sound or Niantic Bay. Both are saltwater bodies which are not used as sources of drinking water. The closest reservoir is Lake Konomoc, 6.5 miles from Millstone. Radioactivity deposited in the reservoir from MPS gaseous effluents would not yield a significant dose to the public compared to doses from the six major pathways listed.
Ambient (direct) radiation emitted from sources of radioactivity at MPS comes from low-level radioactive waste being processed and stored at the site prior to shipping and disposal. Also, the operation of the Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation (ISFSI) which began in 2005 results in a small amount of direct radiation at the site boundary.
The radiological dose impact on humans is based both on effluent analyses and modeling and on direct measurements of radiation and radioactivity in the environment. However, the operation of MPS results in releases of only small amounts of radioactivity, and, as a result of dilution in the atmosphere and ocean, even the most sensitive radioactivity measurement and analysis techniques cannot usually detect these tiny amounts of radioactivity above that which is naturally present in the environment. Therefore, radiation doses are calculated using radioactive effluent release data and computerized dose calculations that are based on conservative NRC-recommended models that tend to result in over-estimates of the resulting dose. These computerized dose calculations are performed by DENC personnel. These computer codes use the guidelines and methodology set forth by the NRC in Regulatory Guide 1.109 (Reference 7).
The dose calculations are specified in the Millstone's REMODCM (Reference 8), which has been reviewed by the NRC.
It should be emphasized that the conservative assumptions made in the computer code calculations; the maximum hypothetical dose to an individual is considerably higher than the dose that would actually be received by a real individual.
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024 113
After dose calculations are performed, the results are compared to the dose limits for the public as specified in NRCs technical specifications for MPS (References 9-11).
The technical specifications limits for the dose to a member of the general public from radioactive material in liquid effluents released to unrestricted areas are:
less than or equal to 3 mrem per year to the total body; and, less than or equal to 10 mrem per year to any organ.
The technical specifications limits for dose due to release of radioactivity in gaseous effluents is restricted to:
less than or equal to 10 mrad per year for gamma radiation from noble gases; less than or equal to 20 mrad per year for beta radiation from noble gases; and less than or equal to 15 mrem per year to any organ from iodine-131, iodine-133, tritium, and all particulate radionuclides with half-lives greater than 8 days.
The Technical Specifications limits for total dose from all three MPS units due to release of radioactivity in gaseous and liquid effluents and direct radiation is restricted to:
less than or equal to 25 mrem per year to the total body; less than or equal to 75 mrem per year to the thyroid; and less than or equal to 25 mrem per year to any other organ.
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024 21
- 2. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION 2.1 Sampling Schedule and Locations The sample locations, types, and frequency of analysis are given in Tables 2.1-1 and 2.1-2 and are shown in Figures 2.1-1 and 2.1-2. The program as described in Table 2.1-1 lists the required samples collected as specified in the REMODCM, as well as any other extra samples collected under the program.
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024 22
Table 2.1-1 Environmental Monitoring Program Sampling Types and Locations No.-
Type*
Location Name
- Distance, Direction From Release Point**
Sample Media 1-I Onsite - NAP Parking Lot N 0.6 Mi, NNW TLD, Air Particulate, Iodine, Vegetation 2-I Onsite - Weather Shack 0.3 Mi, S TLD, Air Particulate, Iodine 3-I Onsite - Bird Sanctuary 0.3 Mi, NE TLD, Air Particulate, Iodine, Soil 4-I Onsite - Albacore Drive 1.0 Mi, N TLD, Air Particulate, Iodine, Soil 5-I Onsite - Quarry East 0.1 Mi, SSE TLD 6-I Onsite - Quarry Discharge 0.3 Mi, SSE TLD 7-I Onsite - Env. Lab Dock 0.3 Mi, SE TLD 8-I Onsite - Env. Lab 0.3 Mi, SE TLD 9-I Onsite - Bay Point Beach 0.4 Mi, W TLD 10-I Goshen Fire Dept.
1.2 Mi, E TLD, Air Particulate, Iodine, Vegetation 11-I Great Neck Country Club 1.6 Mi, ENE TLD, Air Particulate, Iodine 13-C Mystic, CT 11.5 Mi, ENE TLD 14-C Ledyard, CT 12.0 Mi, NE TLD, Soil 15-C Norwich, CT 14.0 Mi, N TLD, Air Particulate, Iodine 16-C Old Lyme, CT - Halls Rd.
8.8 Mi, W TLD 17-I Site Boundary 0.5 Mi, NE Vegetation 25-I Fruits & Vegetables
< 10 Miles Vegetation 25-X Fruits & Vegetables
< 10 Miles Vegetation 26-C Fruits & Vegetables
> 10 Miles Vegetation 27-I East Lyme Police Dept.
1.7 Mi, WNW TLD, Air Particulate, Iodine 28-I Two Tree Island 1 0.8 Mi, SSE Fish1 29-I West Jordan Cove 1 0.5 Mi, ENE to ESE Clams, Fucus, Fish1 31-I Niantic Shoals 1.8 Mi, NW Bottom Sediment, Clams 32-I Vicinity of Discharge 1,2 Bottom Sediment, Fish1, Seawater, Aquatic Flora 33-I Seaside Point 1.8 Mi, ESE Bottom Sediment 34-I Thames River Yacht Club 4.0 Mi, ENE Bottom Sediment 35-I Niantic Bay 0.5 Mi, SSW to W Lobster, Fish1, Aquatic Flora 36-C Black Point 2.7 Mi, WSW Aquatic Flora 37-C Giant's Neck 3.5 Mi, WSW Bottom Sediment, Seawater 41-I Waterford - Myrock Avenue 3.2 Mi, ENE TLD 42-I East Lyme - Billow Road 2.4 Mi, WSW TLD 43-I East Lyme-Old Black Point 2.6 Mi, SW TLD 44-I Onsite - Schoolhouse 0.1 Mi, NNE TLD 45-I Onsite - Access Road #1 0.5 Mi, NNW TLD 46-I Old Lyme - Hillcrest Ave.
4.6 Mi, WSW TLD 47-I East Lyme - W. Main St.
4.5 Mi, W TLD 48-I East Lyme - Corey & Roxbury 3.4 Mi, WNW TLD 49-I East Lyme - Society Rd.
3.6 Mi, NW TLD 50-I East Lyme - Manwaring Rd &
Terrace Ave 2.1 Mi, W TLD 51-I East Lyme - Smith Ave.
1.5 Mi, NW TLD 52-I Waterford - River Rd.
1.1 Mi, NNW TLD 53-I Waterford - Gardiners Wood Rd 1.4 Mi, NNE TLD 55-I Waterford - Magonk Point 1.8 Mi, ESE TLD 56-I New London - Ocean & Mott Ave.
3.7 Mi, E TLD
- 1. Fish required to be sampled from one of three other locations (#28, #29 or #32).
- 2. Vicinity of discharge includes the Quarry and shoreline area from Fox Island to western point of Red Barn recreation Area and Offshore out to 500 feet.
Footnotes:
- I = Indicator; C = Control, X - Extra - sample not required by the REMODCM
- = The release points are the Millstone Stack for terrestrial location and the end of the quarry for aquatic location.
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024 23
Table 2.1-1 Environmental Monitoring Program Sampling Types and Locations (Continues)
No.-
Type1 Location Name Distance, Direction From Release Point2 Sample Media 57-I New London - Ocean Ave.
3.6 Mi, ENE TLD 59-I Waterford -Miner Ave.
3.4 Mi, NNE TLD 60-I Waterford-Parkway South&Cross 4.0 Mi, N TLD 61-I Waterford-Oil Mill&Boston Post 4.3 Mi, NNW TLD 62-I East Lyme - Columbus Ave.
1.9 Mi, WNW TLD 63-I Waterford - Gardiners Wood &
Jordon Cove 0.8 Mi, NE TLD 64-I Waterford - Shore Rd.
1.1 Mi, ENE TLD 65-I Waterford - Boston Post Rd.
3.2 Mi, NE TLD 66-X NAP Parking Lot - Fit Center 0.4 Mi, NW TLD 71-I 1-MW-XFMR-03 Onsite Well Water 72-I MW-GPI-1 Onsite Well Water 73-X Site Switchyard Fence 0.3 Mi, N TLD 74-X Ball Field Foul Pole 0.6 Mi, N TLD 75-X Waterford - Windward Way &
0.5 Mi, NE TLD
Shotgun 76-X ISFSI-1 Up-gradient of ISFSI Well Water 77-X ISFSI-2 Down-gradient of ISFSI Well Water 78-X ISFSI-3 Down-gradient of ISFSI Well Water 79-I M3-MW-1 Onsite Well Water 81-I S2-MW-1 Onsite Well Water 82-I MW-6B Onsite Well Water 83-I S3-MW-2 Onsite Well Water 89-C Aquatic background
>4 miles of discharge Lobster
- 1. Fish required to be sampled from one of three other locations (#28, #29 or #32).
- 2. Vicinity of discharge includes the Quarry and shoreline area from Fox Island to western point of Red Barn recreation Area and Offshore out to 500 feet.
Footnotes:
- I = Indicator; C = Control, X - Extra - sample not required by the REMODCM
- = The release points are the Millstone Stack for terrestrial location and the end of the quarry for aquatic location.
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024 24
Table 2.1-2 Required Sampling Frequency & Type of Analysis
Exposure Pathway and/or Sample No. of Locations Sampling & Collection Frequency Type and Frequency of Analysis
- 1.
Gamma Dose -
Environmental TLD 391 Quarterly Gamma Dose - Quarterly
- 2.
Airborne Particulate 8
Continuous sampler - filter change every two weeks Gross Beta - Every two weeks Gamma Spectrum
- Quarterly on composite (by location), and on individual sample if gross beta is greater than 10 times the mean of the weekly control stations gross beta results
- 3.
Airborne Iodine 8
Continuous sampler - canister change every two weeks I-131 - Every two weeks
- 4.
Vegetation 5
One sample near middle and one near end of growing season Gamma Isotopic on each sample
- 5.
Milk - Refer to Table 2.1-2.1 below
- 6.
Sea Water 2
Continuous sampler with a monthly collection at indicator location. Quarterly at control location - Composite of 6 weekly grab samples.
Gamma Isotopic and Tritium on each sample.
- 7.
Well Water 6
Semiannual Gamma Isotopic and Tritium on each sample
- 8.
Bottom Sediment 5
Semiannual Gamma Isotopic on each sample
- 9.
Soil 3
Annually Gamma Isotopic on each sample
- 10.
Fin Fish (edible portion) 2 Semiannual Gamma Isotopic on each sample
- 11.
Aquatic flora (fucus) 4 Quarterly Gamma isotopic on each sample
- 13.
Clams (edible portion) 2 Semiannual Gamma Isotopic on each sample
- 14.
Lobster (edible portion) 2 Semiannual Gamma Isotopic on each sample Footnotes
Oysters were previously Sample#12, REMODCM revision 27.
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024 25
Table 2.1-2.1 Milk Sampling Requirements Number of Locations and Sampling Criteria Sampling & Collection Frequency Type and Frequency of Analysis If milk location(s) are available, obtain samples from milking animals from up to three locations within 3 miles (5 km) distance having the highest dose potential. If there are none, then one sample from milking animals in each of three areas between 3 to 5 miles (5 to 8 km) distant where doses are calculated to greater than 1 mrem per year. One sample from milking animals at a control location 9 to 18 miles (15 to 30 km) distant and in the least prevalent wind direction.
Semimonthly when animals are on pasture; Monthly, for non---pasture producers.
Gamma Isotopic and I-131 analysis on each sample If milk location(s) are not available, obtain samples of three different kinds of broad leaf vegetation grown nearest each of two different offsite locations of highest predicted annual average ground level D/Q Monthly, if available, or at harvest. (a)
Gamma Isotopic and I-131 analysis on each sample Footnotes (a) Harvest consists of one sample near the middle and one sample near the end of the growing season.
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024 26
Figure 2.1-1, Inner TLD, Air, Grass, Soil, and Aquatic Locations
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024 27
Figure 2.1-2, Outer TLD and Aquatic Locations
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024 28
2.2 Samples Collected During Report Period The following table summarizes the number of samples of each type collected and analyzed during 2024:
Table 2.2-1 REMP Samples Collected in 2024 Sample Type Number of Technical Specification Required Samples Number of Technical Specification Required Samples Analyzed Number of Extra Samples Analyzed Gamma Exposure (Environmental TLD) 156 156 16 Air Particulates 208 208 0
Air Iodine 208 208 0
Soil 3
3 0
Milk 12 0
0 Well Water 12 12 24 Vegetation 10 10 1
Sea Water 16 16 0
Bottom Sediment 10 10 0
Aquatic Flora 16 16 0
Fish 4
4 0
Oysters 0
0 4
Clams 4
4 0
Lobster 4
4 0
Total All Types 651 639 45 2.3 Required Samples Not Collected During the Report Period During 2024 all required samples were obtained except for Milk.
The 2024 Land Use Census did not locate any milk farms producers within ten miles of Millstone Power Station. As a substitute for milk samples, strontium analysis of air samples and gamma analysis of broad leaf vegetation were performed. This fulfills the requirements for Milk sampling as listed in Table 2.1-2.1 of this report, Milk Sampling Requirements
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024 31
- 3. RADIOCHEMICAL RESULTS 3.1 Summary Table In accordance with the REMODCM,Section I.F.1, a summary table of the radiochemical results has been prepared and is presented on the following pages. The mean and range recorded are based only upon detectable measurements.
A more detailed analysis of the data is given in Section 4.0 where a discussion of the variations in the data explains many aspects that are not evident in the Summary Table because of the basic limitation of data summaries. The data summaries include the extra (X) samples collected throughout the year. These samples are taken to enhance the monitoring program or replace samples from required locations when they are not available.
Furthermore, in accordance with the REMODCM,Section I.E.3, an inter-laboratory comparison was performed by Teledyne Brown Engineering Environmental Services (TBE-ES) as part of their quality assurance program for environmental monitoring in order to demonstrate that the results are reasonably valid (Appendix B). Quality Control of radioanalyses involves TBE-ES internal process control program and independent third party programs administered by Eckert
& Ziegler (E&Z) Analytics Inc, Environmental Resource Associates (ERA), and Department of Energys (DOE).
The Teledyne inter-laboratory comparison report concluded that 152 out of 167 quality assurance analyses performed met the specified acceptance criteria. Fifteen analyses did not meet the specified acceptance criteria and were addressed through the TBE Corrective Action Program, listed in Appendix B. A review of the Teledyne report was performed and none of the fifteen analyses failures were found to have impacted any of Millstone samples results and data accuracy, addressed and dispositioned in the Millstone Corrective Action Program.
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024 32
`
MILLSTONE POWER STATION Dockets 50-245, 50-336 & 50-423 2024 Medium or Indicator Control Pathway Locations Location with Highest Mean Locations Sampled Analysis Total LLD*
Number Number (Units)
Type Number Mean Location Distance Number Mean (Range)
Number Direction Mean (Range)
(Range)
Direct Gamma 172 NA 156 8,9 0.3 Mi./0.4 Mi.
4/4 16 Radiation Dose 7.8 SE/W 10.8/10.8 7.8 TLD (uR/hr)
(4.3-11.5)
(9.9-11.5)/(10.5-11.2)
(5.7-9.4)
Air Iodine I-131 208 0.07 182 NA NA
<LLD 26 (pCi/m 3)
<LLD
<LLD Air Particulate GR-B 208 0.01 182 11 1.6 Mi.
26 26 (pCi/m 3) 0.0118 ENE 0.0123 0.012 (0.0058-0.0198)
(0.0068-0.0178)
(0.0067-0.018)
SR-89 32 0.1 28 NA NA
<LLD 4
<LLD
<LLD SR-90 32 0.01 28 NA NA
<LLD 4
<LLD
<LLD GAMMA BE-7 32 NA 28 4
1.0 Mi.
4 4
0.0778 N
0.0886 0.0719 (0.044-0.1211)
(0.0647-0.1136)
(0.0579-0.0898)
Other Note 2
<LLD NA NA
<LLD
<LLD Gammas Soil GAMMA 3
(pCi/g dry)
K-40 NA 2
14 12.0 Mi.
1 1
14.965 NE 19.360 19.360 (11.970-17.960)
(19.360)
(19.360)
CS-137 0.18 1/2 4
1.0 Mi.
1 1
0.299 N
0.299
<LLD (0.299)
(0.299)
AC-228 NA 2
4 1.0 Mi.
1 1
1.199 N
1.419 1.044 (0.979-1.419)
(1.419)
(1.044)
Other Note 3
<LLD NA NA
<LLD
<LLD Gammas Cow Milk SR-89 10 (pCi/l)
SR-90 2
GAMMA Milk was not available for collection in 2024, as a substitute, K-40 NA Strontium Analysis of Air Particulate filters was performed Other Note 4 Gammas I
I I I I
I
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024 33
`
MILLSTONE POWER STATION Dockets 50-245, 50-336 & 50-423 2024 Medium or Indicator Control Pathway Locations Location with Highest Mean Locations Sampled Analysis Total LLD*
Number Number (Units)
Type Number Mean Location Distance Number Mean (Range)
Number Direction Mean (Range)
(Range)
Goat Milk SR-89 10 (pCi/l)
SR-90 2
GAMMA Milk was not available for collection in 2024, as a substitute, K-40 NA Strontium Analysis of Air Particulate filters was performed Other Note 4 Gammas Well Water H-3 36 2000 36 NA NA
<LLD NA (pCi/l)
<LLD GAMMA 36 K-40 NA 1/36 78 Down-gradient of 1/4 NA 65.090 ISFSI 65.090 (65.090)
(65.090)
Other Note 5
<LLD NA NA
<LLD NA Gammas Fruits & Vegetables GAMMA 11 (pCi/g wet)
K-40 NA 6
25 Within 10 Miles 4
5 2.516 2.912 1.734 (1.039-5.100)
(1.039-5.100)
(1.104-2.423)
BE-7 NA 1/6 25 Within 10 Miles 1/4
<LLD 0.641 0.641 (0.641)
(0.641)
Other Note 6
<LLD NA NA
<LLD
<LLD Gammas Broad Leaf Vegetation GAMMA 8
(pCi/g wet)
BE-7 NA 4/6 17 0.5 Mi.
1/2 2
1.156 NE 1.225 1.169 (0.648-1.530)
(1.225)
(0.416-01.922)
K-40 NA 6
10 1.2 Mi.
2 2
3.397 E
4.032 3.969 (2.307-5.425)
(2.639-5.425)
(3.484-4.454)
Other Note 6
<LLD NA NA
<LLD
<LLD Gammas
I I I I I
I
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024 34
`
MILLSTONE POWER STATION Dockets 50-245, 50-336 & 50-423 2024 Medium or Indicator Control Pathway Locations Location with Highest Mean Locations Sampled Analysis Total LLD*
Number Number (Units)
Type Number Mean Location Distance Number Mean (Range)
Number Direction Mean (Range)
(Range)
Sea Water H-3 16 3000 9/12 32
< 0.1 Mi 9/12 4
(pCi/l) 960 960
<LLD (281-2110)
(281-2110)
GAMMA 16 K-40 NA 12 32
< 0.1 Mi 12 3/4 291 291 281 (233-359)
(233-359)
(190-360)
Other Note 5
<LLD NA NA
<LLD
<LLD Gammas Bottom Sediment GAMMA 10 (pCi/g dry)
K-40 NA 8
32
< 0.1 Mi 2
2 15.25 17.87 12.88 (11.22-18.21)
(17.53-18.21)
(11.99-13.77)
Ac-228 NA 2/8 31 1.8 Mi.
1/2 2
1.447 NW 1.748
<LLD (1.146-1.748)
(1.748)
Other Note 3
<LLD NA NA
<LLD
<LLD Gammas Aquatic Flora GAMMA 16 (pCi/g wet)
BE-7 NA 1/12 35 0.3 Mi.
1/4 4
0.169 WNW 0.169
<LLD (0.169)
(0.169)
K-40 NA 12 32
< 0.1 Mi 4
4 7.109 7.922 5.527 (5.242-8.957)
(6.893-8.957)
(5.054-6.004)
I-131 0.06 12 NA NA
<LLD 4
<LLD
<LLD Other Note 6
<LLD NA NA
<LLD
<LLD Gammas
I I I I I
I
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024 35
`
MILLSTONE POWER STATION Dockets 50-245, 50-336 & 50-423 2024 Medium or Indicator Control Pathway Locations Location with Highest Mean Locations Sampled Analysis Total LLD*
Number Number (Units)
Type Number Mean Location Distance Number Mean (Range)
Number Direction Mean (Range)
(Range)
Fish - Other GAMMA 4
(pCi/g wet)
K-40 NA 4
29 0.4 Mi.
2 3.748 NNE 3.871 NA (3.453-3.911)
(3.830-3.911)
Other Note 8
<LLD NA NA
<LLD NA Gammas Oysters GAMMA 4
(pCi/g wet)
K-40 NA 2
31 1.8 Mi.
2 2
2.170 NW 2.170 1.685 (1.766-2.574)
(1.766-2.574)
(1.491-1.878)
Other Note 8
<LLD NA NA
<LLD
<LLD Gammas Clams GAMMA 4
(pCi/g wet)
K-40 NA 4
31 1.8 Mi.
2 2.063 NW 2.255 NA (1.799-2.664)
(1.846-2.664)
Other Note 8
<LLD NA NA
<LLD NA Gammas Lobster GAMMA 4
(pCi/g wet)
K-40 NA 2
35 0.3 Mi.
2 2
3.032 WNW 3.032 2.879 (2.458-3.606)
(2.458-3.606)
(2.726-3.031)
Other Note 8
<LLD NA NA
<LLD
<LLD Gammas
I I I I I
I
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024 36
NOTES FOR
SUMMARY
TABLE 1 - (*) The required LLD is the smallest concentration of radioactivity that will be detected with 95% confidence that the activity is real. See detailed discussion below.
2 - LLDs for air particulate gamma are 0.05 pCi/M3 for Cs-134 and 0.06 pCi/M3 for Cs-137.
3 - LLD for soil and sediment gamma is 0.15 pCi/g for Cs-134.
4 - LLDs for milk gamma are 1 pCi/l for I-131, 15 pCi/l for Cs-134, 18 pCi/l for Cs-137, 70 pCi/l for Ba-140 and 25 pCi/l for La-140.
5 - LLDs for water gamma are 15 pCi/l for Mn-54, Co-58, Co-60, Nb-95, I-131, Cs-134 and La-140; 30 pCi/l for Fe-59, Zn-65 and Zr-95; 18 pCi/l for Cs-137 and 60 pCi/l for Ba-140.
6 - LLDs for fruits & vegetables, broadleaf vegetation and aquatic flora for gamma are 0.06 pCi/M3 for I-131, 0.06 pCi/M3 for Cs-134 and 0.08 pCi/M3 for Cs-137.
7 - LLDs for other gamma are 0.06 pCi/g for Cs-134 and I-131.
8 - LLDs for fish and shellfish for gammas are 0.13 pCi/g for Mn-54, Co-58, Co-60 and Cs-134; 0.26 pCi/g for Fe-59 and Zn-65; 0.15 pCi/g for Cs-137; and 0.93 pCi/g for I-131.
Discussion of LLD The LLD at a confidence level of 95% is the smallest concentration of radioactive material in a sample that will be detected with a 5% probability of falsely concluding that a blank observation represents a "real" signal.
For a particular measurement system (which may include radiochemical separation):
t)
(-
Y 2.22 V
E S
4.66
=
LLD b
exp LLD is the lower limit of detection as defined above (as pCi per unit mass or volume)
Sb is the standard deviation of the background counting rate or of the counting rate of a blank sample as appropriate (as counts per minute)
E is the counting efficiency (as counts per transformation)
V is the sample size (in units of mass or volume) 2.22 is the number of transformations per minute per picoCurie Y
is the fractional radiochemical yield (when applicable) is the radioactive decay constant for the particular radionuclide t
is the elapsed time between sample collection (or end of the sample collection period) and time of counting The LLD is defined as a priori (before the fact) limit representing the capability of a measurement system and not an a posteriori (after the fact) limit for a particular measurement.
Analyses were performed in such a manner that the stated LLDs were achieved under routine conditions. Occasionally background fluctuations, unavoidably small sample sizes, the presence of interfering nuclides, or other uncontrollable circumstances may have rendered these a priori LLDs unachievable. In such cases, the contributing factors are identified and described in this report. As shown in the equation above, for composite samples taken over a period of time, the LLD is decayed to the end of the sample period.
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024 37
3.2 Data Tables The data reported in this section are results of analyses on all samples. All gamma exposure rates (Table 1) and air beta results (Table 2) are positive because of natural radioactivity. For all other results positive results are shown as bolded type. Results are considered positive when the measured value exceeds 1.5 times the listed 2 error (i.e., the measured value exceeds 3).
The reported error is two times the standard deviation (2) of the net activity. Unless otherwise noted, the overall error (counting, sample size, chemistry, errors, etc.) is estimated to be 2 to 5 times that listed. Because of counting statistics, negative values, zeros and numbers below the Minimum Detectable Level (MDL) are statistically valid pieces of data. For the purposes of this report, in order to indicate any background biases, all the valid data are presented. This practice was recommended by Health and Safety Laboratory (HASL) ("Reporting of Analytical Results from HASL," letter by Leo B. Higginbotham), NUREG 0475 and NUREG/CR-4007 (Sept. 1984).
Data are given according to sample type as indicated below.
- 1.
Gamma Exposure Rate
- 2.
Air Particulates, Gross Beta Radioactivity
- 3.
Air Particulates, Airborne I-131
- 4.
Air Particulates, Gamma Spectra
- 5.
Soil
- 6.
Milk
- 7.
Well Water
- 8.
Fruits & Vegetables
- 9.
Broad Leaf Vegetation
- 10.
Seawater
- 11.
Bottom Sediment
- 12.
Aquatic Flora (Fucus)
- 13.
Fin Fish
- 14.
Oysters
- 15.
Clams
- 16.
Lobster
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
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LOCATIONS PERIOD
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
1Q 7.9 0.5 10.8 0.3 7.5 0.2 8.0 0.3 9.4 0.3 9.0 0.3 4.8 0.2 11.3 0.4 10.8 0.4 10.0 0.5 7.2 0.5 2Q 7.7 0.3 10.5 0.4 7.0 0.2 7.4 0.2 9.2 0.4 8.1 0.5 4.3 0.2 10.6 0.3 10.5 0.6 9.4 0.3 6.4 0.2 3Q 7.9 0.3 11.1 0.5 7.2 0.2 8.0 0.3 8.9 0.3 8.6 0.3 4.5 0.2 9.9 0.3 10.9 0.4 9.4 0.6 7.0 0.3 4Q 8.2 0.3 11.4 0.5 7.5 0.3 8.1 0.3 9.2 0.4 8.6 0.3 4.5 0.2 11.5 0.6 11.2 0.4 10.4 0.3 7.0 0.2 PERIOD
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
1Q 9.2 0.3 9.4 0.3 7.2 0.2 6.1 0.3 7.8 0.2 7.4 0.6 7.2 0.3 7.4 0.2 7.9 0.3 7.2 0.4 8.2 0.3 2Q 8.4 0.3 8.9 0.4 7.0 0.3 5.7 0.4 6.9 0.2 6.2 0.3 7.0 0.3 6.8 0.3 7.2 0.2 6.5 0.3 7.9 0.5 3Q 8.5 0.5 9.3 0.3 7.4 0.3 5.8 0.2 7.4 0.3 6.6 0.3 7.2 0.3 7.3 0.6 7.6 0.4 7.0 0.3 8.1 0.5 4Q 8.8 0.3 9.2 0.3 7.5 0.3 5.8 0.3 7.5 0.3 6.8 0.2 7.2 0.2 7.0 0.2 8.3 0.4 7.0 0.3 8.0 0.4 PERIOD
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
1Q 7.7 0.3 9.1 0.3 7.8 0.4 7.4 0.3 6.8 0.2 7.3 0.3 7.4 0.4 7.6 0.2 10.4 0.3 6.9 0.3 7.6 0.3 2Q 7.3 0.3 8.8 0.4 7.2 0.4 6.9 0.3 6.1 0.2 6.6 0.3 6.7 0.3 6.9 0.3 10.2 0.3 6.2 0.3 7.3 0.4 3Q 7.5 0.4 8.7 0.5 7.5 0.3 7.3 0.3 6.6 0.2 6.8 0.5 7.4 0.3 7.2 0.4 10.1 0.3 7.0 0.3 7.8 0.3 4Q 7.6 0.3 8.5 0.4 7.3 0.3 7.3 0.3 6.3 0.3 6.9 0.3 7.3 0.3 7.2 0.3 10.2 0.4 7.0 0.3 7.4 0.3 PERIOD
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
1Q 6.5 0.3 6.7 0.2 9.5 0.3 9.0 0.3 7.8 0.4 8.3 0.4 7.5 0.2 7.8 0.3 7.4 0.2 6.8 0.3 2Q 5.9 0.2 5.9 0.4 9.1 0.3 8.4 0.4 6.9 0.3 7.4 0.4 6.8 0.2 7.2 0.3 7.1 0.4 6.2 0.3 3Q 6.3 0.3 6.5 0.3 9.2 0.6 8.2 0.3 7.0 0.3 7.5 0.6 7.1 0.4 7.6 0.4 7.3 0.3 6.5 0.3 4Q 6.0 0.3 6.3 0.3 8.9 0.3 8.6 0.5 6.9 0.2 7.7 0.3 7.3 0.4 7.3 0.4 7.5 0.2 6.6 0.3
- READINGS ARE THE AVERAGE OF MULTI CaSo4(Tm) PHOSPHOR ELEMENTS WITHIN ONE PANASONIC TLD BADGE ERRORS ARE TWO SIGMA AND INCLUDE COUNTING, TRANSIT, READER AND FADE UNCERTAINTIES C= Control location, Background location TABLE 1 QUARTERLY GAMMA EXPOSURE RATE (uR/hr)*
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10 11 45 13C 14C 15C 16C 27 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 55 56 57 59 41 42 43 44 74 75 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 73
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
39
PERIOD ENDING 1
2 3
4 10 11 27 15C
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
01/17/24 0.012 0.002 0.011 0.002 0.012 0.002 0.011 0.002 0.012 0.002 0.013 0.002 0.013 0.002 0.012 0.002 01/30/24 0.013 0.002 0.012 0.002 0.016 0.002 0.011 0.002 0.015 0.002 0.012 0.002 0.014 0.002 0.011 0.002 02/12/24 0.008 0.002 0.007 0.002 0.010 0.002 0.007 0.002 0.009 0.002 0.009 0.002 0.007 0.002 0.009 0.002 02/27/24 0.012 0.002 0.015 0.002 0.013 0.002 0.012 0.002 0.011 0.002 0.014 0.002 0.012 0.002 0.013 0.002 03/12/24 0.008 0.002 0.008 0.002 0.008 0.002 0.007 0.002 0.009 0.002 0.007 0.002 0.006 0.001 0.007 0.002 03/26/24 0.014 0.002 0.011 0.002 0.011 0.002 0.013 0.002 0.011 0.002 0.013 0.002 0.013 0.002 0.013 0.002 04/09/24 0.008 0.001 0.009 0.002 0.009 0.002 0.008 0.002 0.007 0.002 0.009 0.002 0.007 0.002 0.008 0.002 04/23/24 0.009 0.002 0.008 0.001 0.010 0.002 0.010 0.002 0.010 0.002 0.008 0.001 0.010 0.002 0.009 0.002 05/07/24 0.010 0.002 0.008 0.001 0.009 0.002 0.009 0.002 0.010 0.002 0.010 0.002 0.009 0.001 0.009 0.002 05/21/24 0.007 0.001 0.007 0.001 0.006 0.001 0.006 0.001 0.006 0.001 0.007 0.001 0.006 0.001 0.007 0.002 06/05/24 0.012 0.002 0.011 0.002 0.012 0.002 0.012 0.002 0.013 0.002 0.011 0.002 0.013 0.002 0.012 0.002 06/18/24 0.009 0.002 0.008 0.002 0.009 0.002 0.009 0.002 0.009 0.002 0.010 0.002 0.010 0.002 0.010 0.002 07/02/24 0.010 0.002 0.010 0.002 0.010 0.002 0.012 0.002 0.008 0.002 0.011 0.002 0.011 0.002 0.011 0.002 07/16/24 0.012 0.002 0.011 0.002 0.011 0.002 0.011 0.002 0.011 0.002 0.013 0.002 0.011 0.002 0.014 0.002 07/30/24 0.014 0.002 0.012 0.002 0.014 0.002 0.013 0.002 0.014 0.002 0.014 0.002 0.009 0.002 0.015 0.002 08/13/24 0.014 0.002 0.013 0.002 0.016 0.002 0.014 0.002 0.013 0.002 0.012 0.002 0.013 0.002 0.016 0.002 08/27/24 0.016 0.002 0.011 0.002 0.013 0.002 0.016 0.002 0.014 0.002 0.015 0.002 0.013 0.002 0.013 0.002 09/10/24 0.014 0.002 0.013 0.002 0.013 0.002 0.014 0.002 0.012 0.002 0.014 0.002 0.013 0.002 0.013 0.002 09/24/24 0.017 0.002 0.018 0.002 0.015 0.002 0.017 0.002 0.017 0.002 0.018 0.002 0.016 0.002 0.015 0.002 10/08/24 0.012 0.002 0.010 0.002 0.011 0.002 0.011 0.002 0.010 0.002 0.011 0.002 0.010 0.002 0.013 0.002 10/22/24 0.015 0.002 0.015 0.002 0.015 0.002 0.014 0.002 0.016 0.002 0.018 0.002 0.014 0.002 0.015 0.002 11/05/24 0.019 0.002 0.018 0.002 0.020 0.002 0.019 0.002 0.017 0.002 0.017 0.002 0.019 0.002 0.018 0.002 11/19/24 0.013 0.002 0.014 0.002 0.013 0.002 0.014 0.002 0.014 0.002 0.016 0.002 0.017 0.002 0.013 0.002 12/03/24 0.011 0.002 0.017 0.002 0.013 0.002 0.012 0.002 0.012 0.002 0.013 0.002 0.013 0.002 0.012 0.002 12/17/24 0.011 0.002 0.012 0.002 0.010 0.002 0.012 0.002 0.013 0.002 0.013 0.002 0.013 0.002 0.011 0.002 12/31/24 0.010 0.002 0.014 0.002 0.013 0.002 0.012 0.002 0.013 0.002 0.013 0.002 0.012 0.002 0.013 0.002 C= Control location, Background location TABLE 2 AIR PARTICULATES GROSS BETA RADIOACTIVITY (pCi/m3)
LOCATIONS
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PERIOD ENDING 1
2 3
4 10 11 27 15C
(+/)
(+/)
(+/)
(+/)
(+/)
(+/)
(+/)
(+/)
01/17/24
-0.005 0.018
-0.005 0.020
-0.004 0.013
-0.005 0.020 0.008 0.012 0.018 0.025 0.018 0.025 0.018 0.025 01/30/24 0.001 0.007 0.002 0.016 0.002 0.017 0.002 0.017 0.008 0.016 0.008 0.015 0.008 0.015 0.008 0.015 02/12/24 0.001 0.012 0.001 0.013 0.001 0.013 0.001 0.013
-0.009 0.015
-0.008 0.014
-0.008 0.013
-0.008 0.013 02/27/24
-0.010 0.016
-0.011 0.018
-0.011 0.018
-0.011 0.018 0.003 0.017 0.003 0.015 0.003 0.015 0.003 0.015 03/12/24 0.008 0.016 0.009 0.018 0.009 0.019 0.009 0.018 0.012 0.022 0.012 0.021 0.012 0.021 0.014 0.026 03/26/24 0.000 0.012 0.000 0.014 0.000 0.014 0.000 0.012 0.012 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.014 0.013 0.010 0.010 04/09/24 0.005 0.018 0.006 0.021 0.006 0.021 0.006 0.021
-0.004 0.015
-0.004 0.014
-0.004 0.014
-0.004 0.013 04/23/24
-0.003 0.012
-0.003 0.011
-0.003 0.012
-0.003 0.012 0.003 0.012 0.003 0.012 0.003 0.012 0.003 0.013 05/07/24
-0.002 0.012
-0.001 0.005
-0.002 0.013
-0.003 0.013
-0.004 0.016
-0.004 0.017
-0.004 0.016
-0.004 0.018 05/21/24 0.014 0.020 0.014 0.020 0.015 0.021 0.015 0.021 0.003 0.016 0.003 0.017 0.002 0.011 0.003 0.018 06/05/24 0.007 0.015 0.007 0.015 0.007 0.016 0.007 0.015
-0.009 0.019
-0.009 0.019
-0.009 0.019
-0.012 0.025 06/18/24 0.003 0.008 0.003 0.008 0.003 0.008 0.003 0.008
-0.004 0.011
-0.004 0.011
-0.004 0.010
-0.004 0.010 07/02/24 0.012 0.016 0.013 0.017 0.013 0.017 0.013 0.016
-0.004 0.014
-0.004 0.014
-0.004 0.013
-0.002 0.009 07/16/24
-0.003 0.008
-0.007 0.017
-0.008 0.017
-0.007 0.016
-0.006 0.011
-0.006 0.011
-0.006 0.010
-0.006 0.011 07/30/24
-0.014 0.014
-0.015 0.015
-0.016 0.016
-0.015 0.015
-0.010 0.019
-0.010 0.019
-0.010 0.019
-0.010 0.019 08/13/24
-0.007 0.010
-0.009 0.015
-0.010 0.015
-0.009 0.015
-0.003 0.018
-0.003 0.018
-0.002 0.017
-0.003 0.018 08/27/24 0.006 0.016 0.007 0.018 0.007 0.018 0.006 0.017
-0.005 0.016
-0.005 0.016
-0.005 0.016
-0.004 0.016 09/10/24 0.007 0.012 0.007 0.013 0.007 0.013 0.007 0.012 0.017 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.016 0.015 09/24/24 0.008 0.013 0.009 0.014 0.009 0.015 0.009 0.014 0.006 0.010 0.006 0.010 0.006 0.010 0.006 0.010 10/08/24
-0.001 0.009
-0.001 0.009
-0.001 0.009
-0.001 0.009
-0.018 0.016
-0.017 0.016
-0.019 0.017
-0.017 0.016 10/22/24 0.005 0.011 0.005 0.011 0.006 0.012 0.005 0.012
-0.004 0.012
-0.004 0.012
-0.005 0.013
-0.004 0.012 11/05/24
-0.015 0.013
-0.017 0.014
-0.017 0.015
-0.016 0.014
-0.007 0.011
-0.007 0.011
-0.007 0.012
-0.007 0.011 11/19/24 0.003 0.007 0.008 0.015 0.008 0.016 0.007 0.015 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.011 0.011 0.010 0.010 12/03/24 0.006 0.009 0.012 0.019 0.012 0.020 0.011 0.018 0.013 0.017 0.013 0.017 0.014 0.019 0.012 0.017 12/17/24
-0.004 0.010
-0.005 0.010
-0.005 0.011
-0.005 0.010
-0.004 0.013
-0.004 0.013
-0.004 0.014
-0.002 0.006 12/31/24
-0.013 0.019
-0.014 0.021
-0.015 0.022
-0.013 0.020
-0.030 0.032
-0.030 0.032
-0.031 0.033
-0.014 0.015 C= Control location, Background location TABLE 3 AIRBORNE IODINE (pCi/m3)
LOCATIONS
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
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LOCATION Sr-89 Sr-90 Be-7 Mn-54 Co-58 Co-60 Zn-65
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
1 0.0110 0.0113 0.0015 0.0024 0.0667 0.0226
-0.0003 0.0012
-0.0012 0.0015 0.0008 0.0012
-0.0004 0.0030 2
-0.0068 0.0101 0.0025 0.0031 0.0708 0.0222 0.0012 0.0014
-0.0011 0.0018 0.0011 0.0015 0.0017 0.0035 3
-0.0035 0.0101 0.0023 0.0025 0.0440 0.0232 0.0007 0.0013 0.0004 0.0019 0.0002 0.0012
-0.0026 0.0027 4
0.0042 0.0120 0.0005 0.0023 0.0986 0.0260
-0.0002 0.0013
-0.0021 0.0023
-0.0004 0.0013 0.0011 0.0033 10
-0.0001 0.0120 0.0021 0.0027 0.0654 0.0339 0.0006 0.0018
-0.0020 0.0024
-0.0004 0.0014 0.0013 0.0035 11
-0.0079 0.0078
-0.0012 0.0019 0.0888 0.0322
-0.0003 0.0019 0.0000 0.0024 0.0003 0.0019 0.0000 0.0036 27
-0.0025 0.0082
-0.0005 0.0021 0.0777 0.0222 0.0003 0.0012 0.0006 0.0023
-0.0005 0.0012
-0.0002 0.0034 15C 0.0011 0.0091
-0.0007 0.0018 0.0736 0.0246 0.0004 0.0012
-0.0009 0.0017
-0.0003 0.0009 0.0023 0.0029 LOCATION Nb-95 Zr-95 Ru-103 Ru-106 Cs-134 Cs-137 Ba-140
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
1 0.0026 0.0019
-0.0025 0.0036 0.0001 0.0021
-0.0017 0.0085 0.0007 0.0011 0.0001 0.0010 0.0642 0.1036 2
0.0000 0.0020
-0.0033 0.0033 0.0026 0.0028 0.0052 0.0109 0.0014 0.0012
-0.0001 0.0012
-0.0809 0.0860 3
0.0000 0.0017 0.0011 0.0028 0.0005 0.0023 0.0017 0.0105 0.0003 0.0014 0.0009 0.0010
-0.0318 0.0927 4
0.0005 0.0027
-0.0017 0.0043 0.0004 0.0031 0.0008 0.0105
-0.0011 0.0015
-0.0002 0.0011
-0.0793 0.0952 10 0.0011 0.0023 0.0004 0.0039 0.0020 0.0032 0.0022 0.0123
-0.0003 0.0017 0.0000 0.0014 0.0248 0.1398 11 0.0013 0.0023
-0.0023 0.0039 0.0000 0.0036
-0.0042 0.0136
-0.0002 0.0015
-0.0002 0.0014
-0.0562 0.1198 27
-0.0004 0.0017
-0.0011 0.0031
-0.0001 0.0028
-0.0206 0.0109
-0.0001 0.0012 0.0003 0.0011 0.0444 0.0891 15C
-0.0011 0.0015 0.0014 0.0029
-0.0005 0.0024 0.0009 0.0098
-0.0002 0.0011
-0.0002 0.0010 0.0051 0.0817 LOCATION Ce-141 Ce-144
(+/-)
(+/-)
1
-0.0008 0.0035
-0.0015 0.0045 2
0.0005 0.0038 0.0040 0.0046 3
-0.0010 0.0033
-0.0027 0.0041 4
0.0010 0.0038 0.0026 0.0050 10 0.0030 0.0055
-0.0038 0.0076 11 0.0028 0.0045 0.0006 0.0054 27 0.0000 0.0034
-0.0004 0.0048 15C
-0.0008 0.0034
-0.0028 0.0045 C= Control location, Background location Results in bold type are positive.
TABLE 4 AIR PARTICULATES (pCi/m3)
GAMMA SPECTRA - QTR 1 (01/02/24 - 03/26/24)
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
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LOCATION Sr-89 Sr-90 Be-7 Mn-54 Co-58 Co-60 Zn-65
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
1 0.0082 0.0107 0.0013 0.0017 0.0888 0.0196 0.0004 0.0008
-0.0012 0.0014
-0.0003 0.0008
-0.0013 0.0019 2
0.0002 0.0101
-0.0008 0.0015 0.0746 0.0144 0.0000 0.0005 0.0001 0.0009 0.0000 0.0005 0.0007 0.0015 3
-0.0049 0.0071 0.0008 0.0015 0.0730 0.0219 0.0003 0.0009 0.0007 0.0015 0.0002 0.0010 0.0022 0.0024 4
0.0113 0.0116 0.0003 0.0012 0.0775 0.0207
-0.0006 0.0009
-0.0002 0.0014 0.0003 0.0010 0.0015 0.0018 10
-0.0041 0.0071 0.0010 0.0018 0.0649 0.0254 0.0000 0.0010
-0.0012 0.0014 0.0004 0.0009
-0.0008 0.0019 11
-0.0024 0.0097 0.0023 0.0017 0.0786 0.0198 0.0000 0.0009
-0.0007 0.0017
-0.0003 0.0009 0.0020 0.0020 27
-0.0051 0.0072
-0.0003 0.0013 0.0838 0.0260 0.0007 0.0013
-0.0010 0.0021
-0.0002 0.0013
-0.0035 0.0034 15C 0.0160 0.0124 0.0009 0.0016 0.0661 0.0238
-0.0002 0.0012
-0.0009 0.0016
-0.0006 0.0008 0.0017 0.0028 LOCATION Nb-95 Zr-95 Ru-103 Ru-106 Cs-134 Cs-137 Ba-140
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
1 0.0005 0.0012
-0.0010 0.0022 0.0004 0.0017
-0.0020 0.0061
-0.0003 0.0007 0.0000 0.0006
-0.0573 0.0637 2
-0.0005 0.0008 0.0001 0.0015 0.0008 0.0012
-0.0010 0.0046
-0.0004 0.0006 0.0002 0.0005
-0.0291 0.0520 3
0.0010 0.0015
-0.0012 0.0029
-0.0006 0.0025 0.0011 0.0088 0.0004 0.0010 0.0001 0.0008
-0.0076 0.0861 4
0.0004 0.0015
-0.0006 0.0026
-0.0007 0.0019 0.0040 0.0070
-0.0001 0.0007 0.0000 0.0007 0.0146 0.0735 10
-0.0008 0.0016
-0.0004 0.0029
-0.0003 0.0022
-0.0028 0.0087 0.0005 0.0010
-0.0002 0.0008 0.0182 0.0791 11
-0.0004 0.0015
-0.0018 0.0026 0.0004 0.0021 0.0003 0.0066 0.0000 0.0010 0.0005 0.0007
-0.0463 0.0731 27 0.0010 0.0019
-0.0036 0.0039
-0.0015 0.0028 0.0015 0.0115 0.0002 0.0012 0.0003 0.0011 0.0896 0.1110 15C
-0.0003 0.0019 0.0022 0.0035 0.0005 0.0024
-0.0024 0.0100 0.0008 0.0011
-0.0007 0.0008 0.0447 0.0950 LOCATION Ce-141 Ce-144
(+/-)
(+/-)
1
-0.0017 0.0022
-0.0016 0.0030 2
0.0003 0.0018
-0.0011 0.0021 3
0.0004 0.0031
-0.0021 0.0041 4
0.0010 0.0025
-0.0018 0.0032 10
-0.0005 0.0039 0.0010 0.0048 11
-0.0009 0.0029
-0.0007 0.0034 27
-0.0019 0.0039
-0.0024 0.0046 15C
-0.0005 0.0041 0.0005 0.0052 C= Control location, Background location Results in bold type are positive.
TABLE 4 AIR PARTICULATES (pCi/m3)
GAMMA SPECTRA - QTR 2 (03/26/24 - 07/02/24)
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LOCATION Sr-89 Sr-90 Be-7 Mn-54 Co-58 Co-60 Zn-65
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
1
-0.0012 0.0091
-0.0004 0.0013 0.1211 0.0314
-0.0003 0.0014
-0.0013 0.0020
-0.0008 0.0017 0.0003 0.0031 2
0.0002 0.0110 0.0002 0.0016 0.0902 0.0217 0.0000 0.0012 0.0000 0.0017
-0.0004 0.0009
-0.0005 0.0025 3
0.0007 0.0097 0.0004 0.0015 0.0871 0.0221
-0.0001 0.0010 0.0003 0.0013
-0.0004 0.0011
-0.0009 0.0025 4
0.0134 0.0127 0.0022 0.0019 0.1136 0.0239
-0.0007 0.0011
-0.0001 0.0017 0.0000 0.0012 0.0003 0.0026 10 0.0028 0.0101
-0.0001 0.0015 0.1139 0.0190
-0.0002 0.0007
-0.0002 0.0010 0.0003 0.0007
-0.0003 0.0018 11
-0.0061 0.0099 0.0007 0.0017 0.0943 0.0346 0.0001 0.0009 0.0001 0.0014
-0.0006 0.0009 0.0006 0.0027 27 0.0060 0.0101 0.0011 0.0016 0.0747 0.0233 0.0000 0.0014 0.0011 0.0024
-0.0010 0.0012 0.0005 0.0032 15C
-0.0006 0.0084 0.0006 0.0015 0.0898 0.0252 0.0000 0.0007
-0.0004 0.0009
-0.0001 0.0010 0.0000 0.0017 LOCATION Nb-95 Zr-95 Ru-103 Ru-106 Cs-134 Cs-137 Ba-140
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
1 0.0009 0.0022 0.0018 0.0047 0.0014 0.0034
-0.0098 0.0127 0.0002 0.0014 0.0003 0.0014 0.0066 0.1246 2
0.0005 0.0016
-0.0009 0.0030
-0.0042 0.0028 0.0004 0.0097
-0.0003 0.0010
-0.0010 0.0009
-0.0751 0.0960 3
-0.0009 0.0015 0.0018 0.0029 0.0002 0.0024
-0.0029 0.0085
-0.0003 0.0010
-0.0004 0.0010
-0.0235 0.0834 4
0.0004 0.0018
-0.0002 0.0034
-0.0013 0.0025 0.0017 0.0096 0.0001 0.0012 0.0003 0.0010 0.0850 0.0928 10
-0.0002 0.0011
-0.0009 0.0019 0.0007 0.0014
-0.0017 0.0059
-0.0001 0.0006 0.0002 0.0006 0.0460 0.0508 11 0.0010 0.0017 0.0006 0.0031 0.0005 0.0024
-0.0011 0.0086
-0.0002 0.0009
-0.0001 0.0007
-0.0522 0.0832 27
-0.0001 0.0023 0.0034 0.0041 0.0006 0.0036
-0.0119 0.0120 0.0008 0.0013
-0.0005 0.0010
-0.0147 0.1281 15C
-0.0005 0.0010 0.0015 0.0019 0.0008 0.0016
-0.0054 0.0070
-0.0004 0.0008 0.0000 0.0005
-0.0026 0.0635 LOCATION Ce-141 Ce-144
(+/-)
(+/-)
1
-0.0017 0.0056 0.0027 0.0073 2
-0.0005 0.0033
-0.0016 0.0045 3
-0.0007 0.0033
-0.0001 0.0041 4
-0.0019 0.0041 0.0055 0.0053 10
-0.0009 0.0022 0.0005 0.0025 11 0.0009 0.0032 0.0023 0.0040 27
-0.0026 0.0046 0.0021 0.0062 15C
-0.0040 0.0028
-0.0003 0.0032 C= Control location, Background location Results in bold type are positive.
TABLE 4 AIR PARTICULATES (pCi/m3)
GAMMA SPECTRA - QTR 3 (07/02/24 - 09/24/24)
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
314
LOCATION Sr-89 Sr-90 Be-7 Mn-54 Co-58 Co-60 Zn-65
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
1 0.0028 0.0125 0.0009 0.0022 0.0540 0.0147 0.0002 0.0007 0.0000 0.0012 0.0005 0.0007 0.0007 0.0017 2
0.0128 0.0122 0.0018 0.0022 0.0606 0.0151
-0.0001 0.0006
-0.0004 0.0009
-0.0001 0.0007
-0.0007 0.0015 3
0.0107 0.0110 0.0014 0.0019 0.0670 0.0200
-0.0011 0.0008
-0.0007 0.0012
-0.0003 0.0006 0.0011 0.0020 4
0.0026 0.0092 0.0000 0.0016 0.0647 0.0154 0.0000 0.0006
-0.0003 0.0011 0.0000 0.0008 0.0008 0.0019 10 0.0015 0.0093 0.0006 0.0018 0.0653 0.0170 0.0000 0.0005 0.0003 0.0008 0.0004 0.0006 0.0003 0.0013 11
-0.0010 0.0075 0.0020 0.0022 0.0574 0.0155 0.0001 0.0007
-0.0016 0.0011
-0.0002 0.0007 0.0010 0.0019 27
-0.0040 0.0093 0.0005 0.0021 0.0613 0.0217
-0.0003 0.0011
-0.0012 0.0017
-0.0002 0.0011
-0.0002 0.0024 15C 0.0114 0.0104
-0.0005 0.0016 0.0579 0.0176
-0.0001 0.0008
-0.0001 0.0013 0.0003 0.0008 0.0009 0.0018 LOCATION Nb-95 Zr-95 Ru-103 Ru-106 Cs-134 Cs-137 Ba-140
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
1
-0.0004 0.0013 0.0009 0.0022
-0.0007 0.0020
-0.0042 0.0071 0.0001 0.0007 0.0006 0.0006 0.0164 0.0816 2
0.0003 0.0011 0.0005 0.0019 0.0006 0.0017
-0.0069 0.0053
-0.0003 0.0006 0.0002 0.0005
-0.0103 0.0652 3
0.0007 0.0013
-0.0006 0.0025
-0.0009 0.0021
-0.0046 0.0066
-0.0008 0.0008 0.0004 0.0007
-0.0040 0.0955 4
0.0004 0.0013 0.0001 0.0022
-0.0001 0.0015
-0.0002 0.0054
-0.0002 0.0007 0.0000 0.0006 0.0146 0.0764 10 0.0000 0.0008 0.0004 0.0014
-0.0004 0.0012 0.0010 0.0043
-0.0002 0.0005 0.0003 0.0004 0.0136 0.0515 11
-0.0012 0.0012 0.0009 0.0020
-0.0005 0.0017 0.0051 0.0058
-0.0003 0.0007 0.0000 0.0006 0.0151 0.0742 27 0.0000 0.0018
-0.0019 0.0031 0.0020 0.0024 0.0039 0.0082 0.0004 0.0010 0.0007 0.0008
-0.0654 0.1073 15C 0.0009 0.0015 0.0004 0.0026
-0.0001 0.0022
-0.0008 0.0065 0.0002 0.0008 0.0003 0.0007 0.0110 0.1008 LOCATION Ce-141 Ce-144
(+/-)
(+/-)
1 0.0011 0.0025
-0.0005 0.0029 2
-0.0022 0.0024 0.0008 0.0028 3
0.0020 0.0031 0.0000 0.0034 4
0.0010 0.0022
-0.0004 0.0023 10 0.0000 0.0017
-0.0002 0.0020 11
-0.0013 0.0026
-0.0007 0.0029 27
-0.0018 0.0032
-0.0041 0.0037 15C
-0.0023 0.0034 0.0015 0.0041 C= Control location, Background location Results in bold type are positive.
GAMMA SPECTRA - QTR 4 (09/24/24 - 12/31/24)
TABLE 4 AIR PARTICULATES (pCi/m3)
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
315
COLLECTION LOCATION DATE Be-7 K-40 Cr-51 Mn-54 Co-58 Fe-59
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
3 04/30/24
-0.048 0.372 17.960 1.902
-0.014 0.371 0.017 0.045
-0.008 0.041
-0.071 0.096 4
04/30/24 0.382 0.445 11.970 1.878 0.414 0.436 0.041 0.066
-0.024 0.055 0.052 0.109 14C 04/30/24
-0.099 0.384 19.360 1.918
-0.037 0.333 0.007 0.045 0.012 0.048 0.058 0.120 COLLECTION LOCATION DATE Co-60 Zn-65 Nb-95 Zr-95 Ru-103 Ru-106
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
3 04/30/24 0.000 0.046
-0.153 0.128
-0.065 0.043 0.007 0.082
-0.012 0.043
-0.167 0.388 4
04/30/24
-0.032 0.064 0.072 0.150 0.080 0.064 0.048 0.102
-0.007 0.053 0.132 0.556 14C 04/30/24 0.002 0.046
-0.083 0.136
-0.004 0.049 0.035 0.084 0.010 0.042 0.044 0.380 COLLECTION LOCATION DATE Sb-125 Cs-134 Cs-137 Ce-141 Ce-144 Ac-228
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
3 04/30/24
-0.008 0.113 0.063 0.050 0.030 0.057
-0.006 0.057
-0.021 0.239 0.979 0.332 4
04/30/24
-0.107 0.145 0.028 0.067 0.299 0.099 0.031 0.077
-0.153 0.287 1.419 0.543 14C 04/30/24 0.123 0.110 0.032 0.059 0.043 0.045
-0.024 0.057
-0.007 0.218 1.044 0.556 C= Control location, Background location Results in bold type are positive.
TABLE 5 SOIL (pCi/g dry wt.)
LOCATIONS
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
316
COLLECTION LOCATION DATE I-131 Sr-89 Sr-90 K-40 Cs-134 Cs-137 Ba-140 La-140
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
22 Cow Milk was not available for collection in 2024.
Strontium analysis of air samples was performed as a substitute (Table 4) 23 Goat TABLE 6 MILK (pCi/l)
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
317
COLLECTION LOCATION DATE H-3 Be-7 K-40 Cr-51 Mn-54 Co-58 Fe-59 Co-60
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
71 02/12/24
-122 760
-8.80 26.6 5.73 40.5 21.7 30.4 0.00 3.26
-1.12 3.28
-1.55 8.17
-0.10 3.50 06/04/24 226 790 6.61 26.0 0.68 37.6 8.19 29.2
-1.47 2.66
-0.91 3.10 0.75 5.67
-1.33 3.54 08/27/24 591 776
-21.1 36.1
-44.9 57.4 13.8 42.3 2.85 4.40 2.67 4.05
-2.00 9.33 5.39 5.34 11/15/24 44 613
-5.33 28.7 35.2 46.8 1.25 33.8 0.40 3.19 0.09 3.55 4.62 7.52 1.95 3.59 72 02/12/24 39 764
-0.59 29.2 28.8 66.3
-25.0 32.3
-0.60 3.89
-1.92 3.79 10.4 7.69 0.16 3.57 05/29/24
-142 761 10.5 31.1
-3.57 39.3 11.2 33.7
-1.57 2.85
-1.23 3.33
-4.07 6.57 2.84 2.86 08/28/24 456 772 14.6 32.0 34.2 57.1 7.28 35.6 0.23 3.81
-1.23 4.39 4.79 7.85
-0.54 3.92 11/15/24 19 612 4.64 30.0 41.7 53.2
-38.7 37.1 3.14 3.62
-1.11 3.70 3.56 6.91 1.33 3.94 76 03/19/24
-54 708 13.9 37.5
-1.55 62.1
-15.6 45.3
-5.02 5.54
-4.47 5.21 5.95 9.42 3.36 5.07 06/10/24 140 791
-19.8 34.3
-16.0 47.8
-18.3 36.4
-5.45 2.80
-3.02 3.36 5.56 7.82
-0.04 3.58 09/17/24 185 748
-44.6 33.5
-0.42 59.0 3.33 39.1
-0.42 4.06 1.65 4.51 2.81 9.33 1.29 4.23 11/12/24
-373 733
-2.98 36.6
-28.2 54.0 17.0 37.9
-0.83 3.66
-1.18 3.89
-0.34 8.53
-0.69 4.81 77 03/19/24
-368 690
-2.75 46.2 16.2 61.7
-30.6 41.3
-0.68 4.77
-0.97 3.85
-5.69 9.04 0.83 4.88 06/10/24 92 781
-0.80 31.4 37.5 47.8
-43.2 33.5
-1.41 3.41
-1.22 3.80 1.02 7.22
-0.94 3.45 09/17/24
-34 734 34.9 35.6 14.3 59.2 4.68 37.7
-1.02 3.91
-2.57 3.80 3.71 7.84 3.60 4.63 11/12/24
-191 751
-7.71 13.9 8.73 31.0
-4.98 16.6
-1.28 1.82
-1.64 1.59
-1.04 3.31 0.54 1.87 78 03/19/24 74 709 13.3 35.3 26.5 61.6
-22.2 37.3 0.00 3.60
-4.51 4.02 7.79 8.40 1.70 4.56 06/10/24
-29 777 7.65 28.3 14.4 52.6 6.57 29.2
-0.13 3.96 0.20 3.51
-6.97 7.23 2.45 3.94 09/17/24
-6 735
-6.37 42.6
-22.9 67.2
-7.79 47.3
-0.01 5.25
-1.41 5.45 2.05 10.54 1.42 4.82 11/12/24
-90 753
-0.65 28.0 65.1 38.0 35.4 29.8 0.67 3.59
-0.65 3.56 3.65 5.98
-2.62 3.32 79 02/26/24 45 739
-29.5 34.1 22.3 60.4
-17.7 40.3 0.82 3.86 1.72 3.67
-1.59 8.19
-3.09 4.17 05/29/24
-492 739 12.8 22.3 27.3 38.3
-27.2 28.3
-0.82 2.31
-0.80 2.48 0.91 6.01
-0.03 3.25 08/28/24 593 765 23.8 47.2
-23.4 78.8
-7.08 48.6
-1.97 4.83
-3.32 6.02
-0.55 9.76 1.91 5.52 11/15/24 451 642
-26.0 37.5 54.2 69.8 15.3 40.6
-2.90 3.05 0.37 4.34
-0.80 9.00
-1.62 4.58 81 02/26/24 932 786 13.8 30.8
-39.0 52.1
-8.25 34.8 1.16 3.58
-1.76 3.70
-2.68 6.81
-3.75 3.45 06/04/24 565 821 0.36 35.3 5.42 54.8 28.2 42.3
-1.55 4.10
-4.02 4.14 8.92 8.91 3.79 4.53 08/27/24 326 757
-12.7 32.9 7.97 55.6
-1.28 40.1
-0.08 4.15
-1.60 3.56
-1.84 7.25 1.96 4.09 11/15/24 388 637
-9.84 35.2 37.1 53.5 29.9 38.9 0.24 3.50 3.14 4.41 4.11 8.71
-1.30 4.13 82 01/23/24
-107 718
-12.3 23.4
-39.5 35.7
-6.67 23.5 1.16 2.43
-1.48 2.58
-6.61 5.17 0.99 2.25 04/09/24 254 775
-14.3 34.1 16.8 57.2
-13.4 40.0
-2.36 3.47
-3.79 3.56 5.20 6.65 1.67 3.69 07/09/24
-17 765
-23.1 29.2 13.0 73.2
-6.26 31.2
-2.79 3.46
-3.77 3.88
-1.37 7.24 5.62 3.34 11/12/24 25 611
-5.06 25.7 23.1 39.1 31.7 30.0 1.53 2.81
-2.86 3.02 2.17 5.66 0.76 2.83 83 02/12/24 162 783
-6.80 31.7
-40.5 48.5
-12.9 37.7
-0.93 3.98
-2.03 3.63 2.59 7.19 1.50 3.72 04/09/24
-245 740
-10.2 27.3 4.92 44.6
-25.9 31.1 0.80 3.16 2.73 2.86
-1.36 6.62
-0.62 3.07 08/27/24
-73 733
-8.19 41.4 6.41 70.2 29.4 36.2 3.39 4.60 1.44 4.38
-8.21 9.32
-2.13 3.80 11/15/24
-228 594 22.9 26.5 58.8 68.4
-12.4 31.1 0.86 2.92 2.27 3.32 2.20 7.06 0.57 3.54 Results in bold type are positive.
TABLE 7 WELL WATER (pCi/l)
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
318
COLLECTION LOCATION DATE Zn-65 Nb-95 Zr-95 Ru-103 Ru-106 Sb-125 I-131 Cs-134
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
71 02/12/24 0.01 7.89
-0.18 3.56 0.08 4.98 1.75 3.26
-10.6 31.7 2.00 9.42
-1.18 6.46 0.44 3.45 06/04/24
-5.70 8.63
-0.35 2.59
-1.12 4.93 2.92 3.50 7.12 29.7 6.19 8.01 0.99 6.34
-1.51 2.54 08/27/24
-11.0 12.0
-3.24 5.10 3.22 7.97
-0.82 4.99
-2.45 43.9 1.70 13.5 6.56 8.12 0.61 4.69 11/15/24
-17.0 8.51
-0.34 3.74
-3.49 5.52
-2.35 3.82 25.0 29.0 4.47 9.44 1.17 7.82 0.12 3.53 72 02/12/24
-1.07 8.97 2.61 4.34
-0.77 7.21
-0.01 3.62 4.67 29.5
-8.50 9.69
-1.60 6.66 1.24 4.24 05/29/24
-8.96 7.72
-0.21 3.67
-1.70 6.50
-0.27 3.42 6.17 28.5
-12.8 8.72
-5.34 8.09 1.55 3.87 08/28/24
-13.6 10.5
-1.81 4.00
-5.94 6.54
-0.48 4.53 24.7 41.3
-4.67 9.82
-0.97 6.02 0.08 3.99 11/15/24 5.32 8.98 4.91 4.15
-2.90 6.90 4.45 3.91
-2.66 30.3 1.63 9.92
-2.00 8.06
-1.18 4.02 76 03/19/24 0.10 11.1 2.43 5.45 4.65 8.64
-2.07 4.26 31.5 38.4
-8.45 13.4 0.30 5.90 3.65 4.70 06/10/24
-3.45 9.43 3.87 3.75
-3.91 6.58
-1.13 3.46 9.94 32.7 1.34 9.75
-2.84 6.91 0.86 3.92 09/17/24
-17.3 11.9 2.07 5.67
-2.91 9.24
-1.98 4.76 2.51 36.5 4.48 11.4
-2.92 6.21 0.26 4.75 11/12/24
-26.8 12.2
-0.73 4.70
-3.32 7.21
-3.41 4.14
-2.15 39.9 8.50 11.7
-0.45 6.79 2.58 5.03 77 03/19/24
-0.10 13.4 6.40 6.13 2.46 7.76
-0.62 4.85 27.6 42.0
-6.73 13.7
-0.08 5.35
-0.57 4.40 06/10/24 0.56 8.94
-0.58 4.08 2.14 6.55 2.49 3.72
-23.4 27.7 5.37 10.4 2.86 6.06 2.14 3.96 09/17/24 7.09 9.81 6.01 4.75 2.42 6.72 1.52 3.95
-9.36 30.1
-1.09 10.9
-2.91 6.26
-2.17 4.43 11/12/24 1.45 3.48 3.22 1.92
-0.97 2.64
-0.25 1.73 5.06 14.3 2.39 4.56
-3.39 2.69 0.22 1.76 78 03/19/24
-7.14 11.2 3.52 4.55 0.18 7.26 0.33 3.92
-24.4 36.5 3.53 11.0 0.66 4.77 1.11 4.88 06/10/24
-3.45 8.15
-0.11 4.23 2.09 5.03
-1.60 4.06
-11.4 29.9 5.70 7.28
-2.29 5.69 1.62 3.48 09/17/24
-18.1 12.4 5.55 5.18 0.75 7.69 0.33 5.25 50.0 47.0
-1.88 16.0
-7.00 8.61 0.10 6.43 11/12/24
-13.8 8.51 0.66 3.71 2.25 5.92
-1.51 3.22
-13.7 28.0 1.74 9.23
-2.58 5.40 0.39 3.38 79 02/26/24
-0.80 9.09 3.16 4.21 3.21 6.50 1.99 4.76 6.57 37.0 2.96 12.2 5.22 7.84
-1.36 4.30 05/29/24
-2.14 6.08
-0.09 2.55 1.97 3.65 1.07 2.93 1.46 19.8 0.15 6.31
-4.43 6.53 1.89 2.20 08/28/24
-1.84 11.1 2.45 5.78 1.86 10.6
-0.18 5.61 0.79 49.6 0.10 16.1
-1.64 8.03 1.35 5.46 11/15/24
-13.8 10.6 1.83 4.54
-0.08 8.24 3.26 4.47 3.22 36.4
-4.97 10.4 0.01 8.53 2.31 4.90 81 02/26/24
-1.57 9.52 6.08 3.93 5.41 6.05 3.59 4.10 7.89 33.4
-0.49 10.6 4.83 6.83 0.12 3.93 06/04/24
-26.8 14.0 0.02 5.32
-4.98 8.40
-3.67 4.38
-7.76 42.1 4.30 11.7
-3.49 8.49 0.66 4.53 08/27/24 3.30 8.10 0.90 4.87 0.53 7.71
-3.50 4.74 15.1 32.6
-9.00 11.2
-2.99 7.37
-2.03 4.54 11/15/24
-10.7 9.99 1.22 4.62
-2.02 6.95
-1.11 4.35
-1.15 31.7 4.06 9.6 11.0 7.84 0.25 4.30 82 01/23/24 2.89 5.26 5.33 2.94
-1.96 4.35
-0.54 2.66 17.2 22.3 1.02 8.06
-1.78 3.46 0.15 2.92 04/09/24
-1.79 8.32 6.25 4.04
-2.69 6.03 0.13 4.21
-1.17 31.4 0.69 11.2
-2.31 6.83 3.01 3.87 07/09/24
-7.35 8.86 7.21 4.43 1.39 5.75
-0.67 3.58 1.33 29.3
-5.84 10.2
-4.10 5.67 0.92 3.45 11/12/24 9.46 6.70 1.93 3.55
-4.36 4.99
-1.19 3.22
-0.93 24.3 2.25 7.92 4.19 8.64
-0.61 2.97 83 02/12/24
-19.4 10.3 0.93 4.60 2.24 6.19 0.54 4.25
-2.02 34.6
-1.60 10.7 0.87 7.29 1.62 3.57 04/09/24
-0.28 5.97
-3.58 3.92
-5.30 5.02
-1.05 3.42
-13.5 30.6
-4.41 9.39
-2.44 5.31 0.11 3.03 08/27/24
-18.7 13.7 4.21 4.90 5.07 7.32
-2.21 4.89
-1.95 37.9 2.71 12.8 5.41 8.28 1.38 4.11 11/15/24
-5.66 7.93 3.01 3.27
-0.17 5.16
-1.76 3.62
-15.6 29.6
-0.24 7.94 1.30 6.72
-0.26 3.03 TABLE 7 WELL WATER (pCi/l)
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
319
COLLECTION LOCATION DATE Cs-137 Ba-140 La-140 Ac-228
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
71 02/12/24
-2.43 3.78 7.53 18.1
-1.90 5.87 11.3 10.6 06/04/24
-2.26 3.49 3.25 14.3 2.30 6.00 6.05 10.5 08/27/24 2.32 5.38
-13.5 22.2
-3.33 6.28 5.21 14.3 11/15/24
-1.51 3.79 1.69 18.9
-1.79 5.83
-12.7 11.9 72 02/12/24
-0.74 4.01
-4.10 19.6 4.38 7.94
-25.6 15.0 05/29/24 0.13 3.19 10.2 19.7
-3.67 7.32 2.84 11.3 08/28/24 1.39 3.51
-10.4 18.1
-2.31 3.96 2.82 14.7 11/15/24
-1.70 3.51 3.65 19.2
-0.36 7.12 12.9 15.1 76 03/19/24
-5.22 6.06
-6.82 19.8 6.15 7.05 4.91 20.0 06/10/24 0.04 4.32
-15.7 17.6 0.71 4.83 0.90 13.8 09/17/24 1.63 4.17
-21.6 19.3
-3.00 7.47 9.76 17.7 11/12/24
-1.63 5.00 7.35 19.3 2.00 4.65 6.02 13.5 77 03/19/24
-6.77 5.29 1.40 16.9 2.00 6.33 2.72 17.7 06/10/24
-1.23 3.83
-15.9 16.3 4.21 5.85 7.62 13.2 09/17/24
-2.09 4.43 5.58 18.5
-3.55 6.63 0.90 16.0 11/12/24
-0.30 1.77
-6.97 7.28 0.47 2.57
-3.66 7.31 78 03/19/24 1.17 4.47
-11.8 14.3
-0.93 5.12 2.68 16.9 06/10/24
-0.23 3.17 1.32 17.1 1.11 5.40 6.14 14.3 09/17/24
-0.41 5.43 3.77 23.5 0.48 7.27
-5.21 19.3 11/12/24 0.23 3.56 2.51 15.4 3.68 5.04
-3.37 12.3 79 02/26/24
-1.21 4.32 2.11 19.6
-0.83 7.57
-8.66 12.6 05/29/24
-1.70 2.43
-2.33 14.7
-3.59 4.24 3.22 9.27 08/28/24
-0.82 5.87
-2.21 25.3
-1.80 9.06
-1.21 17.7 11/15/24 1.53 4.57 21.5 23.4
-1.60 7.88 1.08 19.3 81 02/26/24
-1.52 4.07
-0.09 18.9
-3.81 5.95
-5.95 14.2 06/04/24
-1.21 4.64
-17.6 24.0 3.30 6.24 13.3 17.7 08/27/24
-2.60 4.40
-5.34 19.9
-0.67 7.75
-8.28 16.0 11/15/24
-0.42 3.96 21.9 22.0 2.27 7.47 4.10 14.0 82 01/23/24
-2.23 2.87 5.99 11.2
-3.62 3.57
-8.41 10.9 04/09/24
-4.46 4.03
-0.34 19.0 2.43 4.96
-3.81 14.3 07/09/24
-7.24 3.51
-0.80 15.6 7.61 5.71
-2.65 12.9 11/12/24 0.07 2.94
-11.8 19.5 0.25 6.06
-3.10 10.5 83 02/12/24
-0.36 4.16
-8.93 18.7 4.22 4.93
-14.2 14.2 04/09/24 0.13 3.29
-1.75 12.0
-0.38 4.95
-0.49 10.5 08/27/24 0.69 4.64 7.60 21.5
-5.07 6.83 3.14 18.6 11/15/24
-1.41 2.97 1.67 17.4
-3.10 6.31 8.23 12.1 TABLE 7 WELL WATER (pCi/l)
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
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COLLECTION DATE Type Be-7 K-40 Cr-51 Mn-54 Co-58 Fe-59 Co-60
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
07/09/24 Lettuce 0.641 0.190 5.100 0.663
-0.017 0.135
-0.004 0.020 0.009 0.019
-0.029 0.046 0.017 0.020 07/09/24 Pears 0.001 0.113 2.981 0.544
-0.036 0.101 0.001 0.015
-0.013 0.014
-0.003 0.031
-0.003 0.016 09/03/24 Tomatoes
-0.036 0.096 2.526 0.368 0.034 0.103
-0.004 0.011 0.008 0.012
-0.005 0.022
-0.004 0.012 09/03/24 Pears 0.052 0.136 1.039 0.399 0.109 0.138 0.000 0.016 0.006 0.015 0.019 0.027 0.009 0.014 COLLECTION DATE Type Zn-65 Nb-95 Zr-95 Ru-103 Ru-106 Sb-125 I-131
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
07/09/24 Lettuce
-0.024 0.045
-0.018 0.017 0.004 0.029 0.000 0.015
-0.004 0.137
-0.013 0.037 0.009 0.018 07/09/24 Pears 0.003 0.031
-0.006 0.014
-0.002 0.023 0.008 0.014 0.181 0.119
-0.015 0.038
-0.002 0.017 09/03/24 Tomatoes
-0.019 0.025 0.001 0.009
-0.002 0.018 0.006 0.012
-0.018 0.078
-0.011 0.029
-0.005 0.017 09/03/24 Pears
-0.002 0.034 0.007 0.017
-0.008 0.027 0.002 0.016
-0.019 0.152 0.011 0.042
-0.005 0.024 COLLECTION DATE Type Cs-134 Cs-137 Ba-140 La-140 Ce-141 Ce-144 Ac-228
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
07/09/24 Lettuce 0.003 0.022
-0.003 0.017 0.061 0.062 0.002 0.017
-0.012 0.021
-0.035 0.094 0.033 0.070 07/09/24 Pears
-0.002 0.016 0.003 0.012 0.026 0.053 0.002 0.017 0.017 0.019 0.013 0.085 0.010 0.060 09/03/24 Tomatoes 0.007 0.012 0.006 0.011
-0.001 0.048 0.004 0.012
-0.007 0.018
-0.009 0.069 0.027 0.043 09/03/24 Pears
-0.001 0.015 0.011 0.018
-0.008 0.075 0.016 0.021 0.004 0.024
-0.006 0.096 0.022 0.054 Results in bold type are positive.
LOCATION 25 (fruit are extra samples not required by the REMODCM)
TABLE 8 FRUITS & VEGETABLES (pCi/g wet wt.)
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
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COLLECTION DATE Type Be-7 K-40 Cr-51 Mn-54 Co-58 Fe-59 Co-60
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
07/23/24 Squash 0.047 0.095 1.322 0.318 0.017 0.073 0.019 0.015
-0.004 0.012
-0.008 0.028 0.024 0.020 09/03/24 Tomatoes
-0.015 0.072 2.127 0.381 0.021 0.082 0.005 0.010
-0.005 0.011 0.005 0.020 0.003 0.013 COLLECTION DATE Type Zn-65 Nb-95 Zr-95 Ru-103 Ru-106 Sb-125 I-131
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
07/23/24 Squash 0.000 0.026 0.004 0.012 0.001 0.018 0.006 0.011
-0.018 0.101 0.005 0.029 0.000 0.012 09/03/24 Tomatoes
-0.026 0.029 0.001 0.010 0.012 0.016 0.002 0.009 0.036 0.095 0.002 0.027 0.001 0.015 COLLECTION DATE Type Cs-134 Cs-137 Ba-140 La-140 Ce-141 Ce-144 Ac-228
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
07/23/24 Squash 0.001 0.014
-0.007 0.016
-0.009 0.045
-0.013 0.014
-0.002 0.013 0.003 0.058
-0.019 0.044 09/03/24 Tomatoes
-0.001 0.012
-0.001 0.009
-0.061 0.048 0.004 0.015 0.009 0.013 0.016 0.050
-0.005 0.045 LOCATION 25X (fruit are extra samples not required by the REMODCM)
TABLE 8 FRUITS & VEGETABLES (pCi/g wet wt.)
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
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COLLECTION DATE Type Be-7 K-40 Cr-51 Mn-54 Co-58 Fe-59 Co-60
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
07/09/24 Lettuce 0.154 0.098 2.423 0.406
-0.124 0.096
-0.002 0.010
-0.003 0.009
-0.015 0.023 0.003 0.012 07/09/24 Peaches 0.029 0.108 1.104 0.353
-0.031 0.099 0.009 0.013
-0.001 0.013 0.009 0.025
-0.004 0.011 07/23/24 Squash
-0.022 0.057 1.624 0.274
-0.032 0.060 0.003 0.007 0.001 0.007 0.009 0.017
-0.004 0.009 09/03/24 Tomatoes
-0.068 0.080 1.673 0.306 0.003 0.074
-0.003 0.009
-0.004 0.009
-0.003 0.018 0.006 0.011 09/03/24 Peaches 0.114 0.076 1.847 0.251
-0.049 0.073 0.001 0.007
-0.003 0.008 0.014 0.016 0.005 0.007 COLLECTION DATE Type Zn-65 Nb-95 Zr-95 Ru-103 Ru-106 Sb-125 I-131
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
07/09/24 Lettuce
-0.003 0.025 0.000 0.010 0.002 0.017
-0.004 0.009 0.020 0.092 0.000 0.027
-0.008 0.013 07/09/24 Peaches
-0.016 0.031
-0.004 0.014
-0.016 0.021
-0.004 0.013 0.023 0.107 0.016 0.035 0.009 0.015 07/23/24 Squash
-0.017 0.020 0.005 0.007
-0.013 0.012 0.004 0.008 0.025 0.079
-0.017 0.021 0.000 0.008 09/03/24 Tomatoes
-0.020 0.020
-0.001 0.009
-0.005 0.015
-0.002 0.009
-0.006 0.085
-0.013 0.024 0.011 0.014 09/03/24 Peaches
-0.030 0.020 0.006 0.008
-0.001 0.013 0.001 0.008
-0.020 0.068 0.007 0.021
-0.005 0.013 COLLECTION DATE Type Cs-134 Cs-137 Ba-140 La-140 Ce-141 Ce-144 Ac-228
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
07/09/24 Lettuce
-0.003 0.010 0.004 0.010
-0.005 0.039 0.002 0.011
-0.005 0.015 0.037 0.056
-0.010 0.036 07/09/24 Peaches
-0.002 0.014 0.002 0.014 0.066 0.054 0.004 0.014
-0.007 0.018 0.054 0.076 0.017 0.046 07/23/24 Squash 0.001 0.008 0.003 0.009 0.003 0.029
-0.008 0.007
-0.001 0.012
-0.041 0.048 0.008 0.030 09/03/24 Tomatoes 0.000 0.010
-0.001 0.010 0.013 0.041
-0.001 0.010 0.006 0.015
-0.024 0.059 0.040 0.035 09/03/24 Peaches
-0.005 0.009
-0.003 0.008 0.018 0.035 0.001 0.009 0.000 0.013
-0.046 0.050 0.015 0.030 C = Control location, Background location Results in bold type are positive.
TABLE 8 FRUITS & VEGETABLES (pCi/g wet wt.)
LOCATION 26C (fruit are extra samples not required by the REMODCM)
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
323
COLLECTION DATE Be-7 K-40 Cr-51 Mn-54 Co-58 Fe-59 Co-60
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
06/11/24 0.165 0.167 3.599 0.562
-0.085 0.155
-0.005 0.018
-0.007 0.016
-0.008 0.035 0.023 0.017 08/21/24 1.222 0.249 3.516 0.537 0.134 0.135
-0.009 0.015
-0.008 0.016
-0.020 0.032
-0.001 0.015 Zn-65 Nb-95 Zr-95 Ru-103 Ru-106 Sb-125 I-131
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
06/11/24
-0.011 0.040 0.010 0.016
-0.009 0.026
-0.002 0.017
-0.034 0.152
-0.031 0.046 0.014 0.026 08/21/24
-0.026 0.037 0.007 0.015 0.017 0.026
-0.011 0.015 0.080 0.128 0.006 0.041
-0.019 0.022 Cs-134 Cs-137 Ba-140 La-140 Ce-141 Ce-144 Ac-228
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
06/11/24 0.003 0.020 0.010 0.017
-0.033 0.076 0.007 0.025 0.010 0.027
-0.042 0.100 0.058 0.067 08/21/24 0.007 0.018
-0.009 0.016 0.023 0.066
-0.019 0.021 0.000 0.024 0.058 0.092 0.049 0.064 COLLECTION DATE Be-7 K-40 Cr-51 Mn-54 Co-58 Fe-59 Co-60
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
06/11/24 0.648 0.215 5.425 0.743 0.060 0.153
-0.014 0.019 0.010 0.017 0.008 0.037 0.014 0.016 08/21/24 1.530 0.348 2.639 0.563 0.096 0.159 0.001 0.017
-0.005 0.017 0.013 0.040 0.001 0.018 Zn-65 Nb-95 Zr-95 Ru-103 Ru-106 Sb-125 I-131
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
06/11/24
-0.022 0.045
-0.007 0.019
-0.015 0.033
-0.010 0.017 0.075 0.166
-0.009 0.048 0.016 0.028 08/21/24
-0.087 0.053
-0.002 0.019 0.011 0.032
-0.007 0.019
-0.205 0.161 0.024 0.052 0.004 0.025 Cs-134 Cs-137 Ba-140 La-140 Ce-141 Ce-144 Ac-228
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
06/11/24
-0.005 0.022
-0.002 0.020 0.042 0.080 0.020 0.021
-0.028 0.025 0.050 0.093 0.010 0.086 08/21/24 0.006 0.019
-0.010 0.020
-0.045 0.076 0.006 0.021 0.004 0.029 0.002 0.117 0.058 0.075 Results in bold type are positive.
LOCATION 10 TABLE 9 BROADLEAF VEGETATION (pCi/g wet wt.)
LOCATION 1
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
324
COLLECTION DATE Be-7 K-40 Cr-51 Mn-54 Co-58 Fe-59 Co-60
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
06/11/24 0.345 0.221 2.307 0.508
-0.023 0.164
-0.005 0.022 0.009 0.019
-0.017 0.041 0.010 0.018 08/21/24 1.225 0.255 2.896 0.565 0.025 0.148
-0.010 0.017 0.002 0.016
-0.004 0.034 0.032 0.022 Zn-65 Nb-95 Zr-95 Ru-103 Ru-106 Sb-125 I-131
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
06/11/24
-0.055 0.049 0.014 0.019 0.044 0.038 0.000 0.020 0.042 0.195
-0.041 0.055
-0.015 0.031 08/21/24
-0.050 0.042
-0.012 0.021 0.009 0.030
-0.005 0.016 0.038 0.154 0.000 0.047
-0.005 0.025 Cs-134 Cs-137 Ba-140 La-140 Ce-141 Ce-144 Ac-228
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
06/11/24
-0.010 0.023 0.020 0.022
-0.024 0.093
-0.006 0.029
-0.001 0.029
-0.025 0.113 0.064 0.080 08/21/24 0.019 0.022 0.003 0.020
-0.020 0.081
-0.012 0.025
-0.016 0.029
-0.028 0.121 0.030 0.083 COLLECTION DATE Be-7 K-40 Cr-51 Mn-54 Co-58 Fe-59 Co-60
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
06/11/24 0.416 0.197 4.454 0.608
-0.033 0.125 0.006 0.014
-0.010 0.014
-0.014 0.030
-0.005 0.019 08/21/24 1.922 0.350 3.484 0.535 0.117 0.152 0.012 0.016
-0.004 0.016
-0.028 0.036
-0.008 0.015 Zn-65 Nb-95 Zr-95 Ru-103 Ru-106 Sb-125 I-131
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
06/11/24 0.014 0.031 0.006 0.014 0.010 0.027
-0.004 0.015 0.029 0.124
-0.006 0.034 0.012 0.025 08/21/24
-0.059 0.041 0.008 0.016
-0.009 0.026 0.016 0.019 0.196 0.140 0.000 0.047 0.002 0.024 Cs-134 Cs-137 Ba-140 La-140 Ce-141 Ce-144 Ac-228
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
06/11/24
-0.003 0.015 0.004 0.013 0.031 0.061
-0.003 0.018
-0.025 0.020 0.070 0.083 0.017 0.044 08/21/24 0.011 0.018
-0.001 0.017 0.011 0.071 0.007 0.019
-0.002 0.028
-0.023 0.106 0.090 0.069 C= Control location, Background location Results in bold type are positive.
LOCATION 26C LOCATION 17 TABLE 9 BROADLEAF VEGETATION (pCi/g wet wt.)
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
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COLLECTION DATE H-3 Be-7 K-40 Cr-51 Mn-54 Co-58 Fe-59
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
01/30/24 281 185
-0.05 29.5 352 87 19.4 35.4 0.03 3.11 1.47 3.44 3.23 6.46 02/27/24 204 195
-10.7 28.7 322 86
-7.32 34.3
-0.87 3.23 1.45 3.46
-0.11 7.19 03/25/24 311 197
-4.37 32.9 241 118
-10.1 29.6
-1.22 3.85
-0.41 3.82
-6.22 9.22 04/30/24 267 199 12.3 32.9 236 89
-17.0 28.0
-1.19 3.80 2.05 3.19 7.27 6.56 05/28/24 277 201 4.16 21.7 255 80
-9.01 24.7 0.61 2.48 0.39 2.18
-2.46 5.52 06/25/24 687 211
-5.06 22.3 359 77
-5.47 27.9 1.26 3.05 2.03 2.34
-1.06 6.60 07/30/24 927 243
-5.66 21.9 252 67
-5.17 25.8
-0.95 2.42
-0.92 2.76
-0.13 6.44 08/27/24 1500 237 7.13 23.6 295 77 5.26 28.6 0.12 3.16 0.55 3.14
-0.27 6.37 09/24/24 2110 315
-15.3 26.3 293 84
-13.2 23.0 2.59 3.27 1.28 3.21 1.62 7.81 10/29/24 1310 260
-11.9 32.1 297 92 14.4 34.3
-1.13 3.79 0.72 3.02 4.20 7.56 11/26/24 966 242 0.99 35.6 355 90
-18.4 35.0 3.02 3.95
-0.23 3.84 3.05 9.41 12/31/24 544 215
-15.8 28.7 233 75
-9.41 29.5 0.46 2.46
-2.80 2.92 3.45 6.47 COLLECTION DATE Co-60 Zn-65 Nb-95 Zr-95 Ru-103 Ru-106 Sb-125
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
01/30/24 0.53 3.51
-6.37 8.22
-4.00 3.18
-4.60 6.21
-2.08 3.85 9.83 30.3 0.20 10.5 02/27/24
-1.17 3.69 0.53 7.28 0.22 2.90 5.53 6.91
-1.44 3.82 24.6 28.3 4.27 8.19 03/25/24 2.46 3.69
-5.07 8.59 2.31 4.41
-4.12 7.51
-0.54 4.24
-14.0 36.4 1.01 12.0 04/30/24
-1.50 3.29
-1.41 7.78 1.02 3.54 1.25 5.88 1.20 3.60 29.2 30.0 4.25 8.32 05/28/24 3.43 3.67
-2.97 5.39
-0.48 2.60 1.13 5.00
-1.21 2.56 0.30 16.2
-3.58 6.67 06/25/24
-0.02 1.75
-1.02 5.99
-0.08 2.90 2.84 4.95
-0.07 3.05 12.1 22.0
-4.63 6.66 07/30/24 1.58 3.06
-0.47 5.22 0.55 3.26
-2.68 4.21
-2.30 2.61 31.4 28.3
-0.97 7.46 08/27/24 0.59 3.49
-0.32 7.25 0.28 3.11
-5.76 5.24
-2.29 3.17
-1.27 28.5 1.40 8.54 09/24/24 1.26 3.43
-2.94 6.76 2.30 2.82 6.92 5.01
-1.47 3.09
-3.87 24.4
-3.24 7.55 10/29/24
-0.55 3.69
-4.09 10.3
-1.49 4.29
-3.20 7.41
-1.54 3.51 34.4 37.0
-5.75 11.2 11/26/24
-1.50 5.24 5.94 10.0 2.50 4.81
-5.29 8.21
-0.83 4.49 21.8 36.3 0.45 11.1 12/31/24
-1.43 3.08
-2.84 6.05 2.02 3.46
-1.27 4.61
-1.11 3.57
-7.96 24.9
-5.62 7.69 Results in bold type are positive.
TABLE 10 SEA WATER (pCi/l)
LOCATION 32
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
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COLLECTION DATE I-131 Cs-134 Cs-137 Ba-140 La-140 Ac-228
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
01/30/24
-1.18 6.60
-0.02 3.96 2.62 3.31
-0.71 17.8
-1.99 5.33 9.62 13.2 02/27/24
-1.45 6.17 0.67 3.75
-0.02 3.81
-3.11 15.5
-1.65 5.08
-7.02 11.0 03/25/24 3.99 4.76
-1.43 4.95 1.05 3.99 2.08 15.8 2.45 5.09 11.2 16.2 04/30/24 1.28 5.14
-2.32 4.04 0.79 3.77 4.60 15.8 1.75 6.43 3.06 11.4 05/28/24
-2.86 4.51
-0.52 2.70 0.00 2.76 15.4 11.0
-0.26 3.62
-1.98 11.1 06/25/24
-1.32 5.30 0.35 2.77
-1.00 2.15
-5.80 16.4 0.26 5.85
-1.10 9.07 07/30/24 1.18 4.79
-0.83 2.87
-1.89 2.95
-2.98 10.7
-0.96 3.25
-4.22 10.1 08/27/24
-3.21 4.88 0.25 3.21
-0.26 2.91 3.16 13.3 1.76 5.39
-0.81 10.9 09/24/24 1.19 4.31
-0.55 3.03 1.10 3.24 6.49 14.3 0.24 4.46 1.50 11.9 10/29/24
-3.26 6.84 2.05 3.95 0.66 4.01 9.35 16.6
-5.46 7.16 1.26 14.8 11/26/24 1.88 6.51
-2.65 4.51
-0.72 4.00
-6.97 18.0
-6.42 6.56
-8.50 17.2 12/31/24 3.25 7.32
-0.51 3.02
-0.29 2.99 1.09 18.6 1.17 4.81 2.93 9.93 COLLECTION DATE H-3 Be-7 K-40 Cr-51 Mn-54 Co-58 Fe-59
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
03/19/24
-39 177 0.16 26.9 190 95
-3.18 28.2
-0.31 3.21 1.55 2.95
-2.24 6.87 06/18/24 154 168 35.6 41.1 178 87
-11.8 42.5 1.77 4.70 2.15 5.08
-7.42 8.24 09/17/24
-10 113 22.8 35.3 294 106 29.4 33.5 0.67 3.89
-2.58 4.05
-1.39 9.07 12/17/24
-32 163 9.51 35.4 360 102
-0.07 42.9 1.44 3.89
-2.04 3.98 1.56 7.83 COLLECTION DATE Co-60 Zn-65 Nb-95 Zr-95 Ru-103 Ru-106 Sb-125
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
03/19/24
-1.91 3.29 1.51 8.01 2.44 3.37
-0.81 5.91
-1.10 3.53
-22.3 30.4
-0.55 9.74 06/18/24 6.92 4.61
-11.7 13.6 2.08 6.16 2.09 7.17 3.57 4.85
-21.8 43.6 5.63 12.2 09/17/24
-2.26 4.32
-10.5 10.7
-1.28 3.40
-5.05 6.45 4.53 3.85 22.1 34.2 2.32 9.43 12/17/24 0.91 4.63
-5.48 8.19 0.82 4.42
-0.79 7.06 0.22 4.47
-3.77 36.7
-5.16 13.5 COLLECTION DATE I-131 Cs-134 Cs-137 Ba-140 La-140 Ac-228
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
03/19/24
-1.08 3.54 2.66 3.59 0.02 3.61 6.95 12.4
-3.02 4.66 10.1 14.3 06/18/24 2.18 5.92 0.86 6.11
-0.61 5.18
-13.7 17.9 10.4 6.76
-8.97 17.9 09/17/24
-2.12 5.80
-2.78 4.10 0.13 3.20
-5.01 15.2
-5.33 6.73 1.64 14.4 12/17/24 2.28 5.99 1.29 4.78
-2.52 4.11
-1.29 17.4 2.32 4.76
-9.5 16.0 C= Control location, Background location Results in bold type are positive.
TABLE 10 SEA WATER (pCi/l)
LOCATION 37C LOCATION 32 Cont'd
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
327
COLLECTION LOCATION DATE Be-7 K-40 Cr-51 Mn-54 Co-58 Fe-59
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
31 06/12/24 0.110 0.402 13.38 1.512 0.038 0.395 0.009 0.047
-0.001 0.043
-0.055 0.088 31 10/28/24
-0.076 0.387 15.60 1.493 0.116 0.376 0.021 0.046
-0.011 0.049
-0.029 0.106 32 06/10/24 0.111 0.285 17.53 1.859
-0.170 0.310
-0.006 0.040
-0.029 0.036 0.032 0.093 32 09/10/24 0.756 0.475 18.21 1.986
-0.058 0.512 0.066 0.056
-0.047 0.057
-0.035 0.116 33 06/12/24 0.140 0.247 18.15 1.337
-0.019 0.249
-0.028 0.033
-0.012 0.032 0.041 0.082 33 12/09/24 0.115 0.161 11.22 1.018
-0.054 0.156
-0.003 0.020
-0.009 0.020
-0.021 0.041 34 06/12/24 0.094 0.237 15.08 1.665 0.075 0.186
-0.013 0.033
-0.020 0.026 0.036 0.073 34 12/05/24 0.216 0.156 12.85 1.086
-0.012 0.156 0.005 0.019 0.001 0.022 0.013 0.057 37C 06/12/24 0.199 0.273 11.99 1.485
-0.036 0.255 0.010 0.036
-0.001 0.033 0.082 0.077 37C 12/05/24 0.025 0.115 13.77 0.861 0.019 0.121
-0.008 0.015
-0.002 0.013 0.012 0.035 COLLECTION LOCATION DATE Co-60 Zn-65 Nb-95 Zr-95 Ru-103 Ru-106
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
31 06/12/24
-0.015 0.043
-0.162 0.104
-0.071 0.048 0.001 0.089 0.037 0.047
-0.200 0.415 31 10/28/24
-0.005 0.045 0.178 0.127 0.005 0.054 0.003 0.089
-0.006 0.047
-0.092 0.402 32 06/10/24 0.008 0.044
-0.021 0.110 0.023 0.043
-0.008 0.079 0.016 0.039 0.028 0.338 32 09/10/24
-0.002 0.059
-0.228 0.154
-0.037 0.062 0.077 0.108 0.012 0.062
-0.074 0.497 33 06/12/24 0.000 0.034 0.018 0.082 0.000 0.031 0.002 0.052
-0.010 0.031 0.159 0.260 33 12/09/24 0.012 0.023
-0.017 0.051
-0.004 0.020
-0.012 0.033
-0.002 0.019
-0.115 0.187 34 06/12/24 0.021 0.036
-0.157 0.098 0.010 0.033 0.029 0.054 0.006 0.025 0.089 0.253 34 12/05/24 0.001 0.026
-0.019 0.062 0.006 0.021 0.008 0.034 0.011 0.019 0.067 0.175 37C 06/12/24 0.018 0.033
-0.111 0.097 0.021 0.037
-0.011 0.054
-0.034 0.032
-0.031 0.322 37C 12/05/24
-0.005 0.016
-0.060 0.043 0.011 0.016 0.010 0.028
-0.006 0.014
-0.030 0.140 C= Control location, Background location Results in bold type are positive.
TABLE 11 BOTTOM SEDIMENT (pCi/g dry wt.)
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
328
COLLECTION LOCATION DATE Ag-110M Sb-125 I-131 Cs-134 Cs-137 Ac-228
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
31 06/12/24 0.020 0.040
-0.08 0.121 0.048 0.068 0.068 0.062 0.012 0.043 1.748 0.271 31 10/28/24 0.000 0.046 0.10 0.126
-0.043 0.070 0.051 0.057 0.017 0.050 1.562 0.302 32 06/10/24
-0.042 0.040
-0.08 0.100 0.049 0.060 0.064 0.052 0.012 0.040 1.146 0.236 32 09/10/24 0.000 0.056
-0.12 0.157
-0.079 0.098 0.100 0.067
-0.030 0.069 1.690 0.430 33 06/12/24
-0.013 0.028 0.07 0.075 0.016 0.040 0.018 0.035 0.004 0.031 0.143 0.131 33 12/09/24
-0.009 0.020
-0.03 0.051
-0.004 0.023 0.046 0.025 0.006 0.025 0.563 0.156 34 06/12/24 0.002 0.028
-0.01 0.072
-0.010 0.038
-0.032 0.030 0.004 0.029 0.094 0.144 34 12/05/24 0.006 0.018
-0.03 0.047
-0.019 0.029
-0.013 0.022
-0.011 0.022 0.170 0.095 37C 06/12/24 0.002 0.027 0.03 0.083 0.002 0.046
-0.011 0.038
-0.023 0.033 0.237 0.159 37C 12/05/24
-0.001 0.014 0.00 0.036
-0.014 0.026 0.021 0.017 0.001 0.016 0.163 0.077 C= Control location, Background location Results in bold type are positive.
TABLE 11 BOTTOM SEDIMENT (pCi/g dry wt.)
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
329
COLLECTION LOCATION DATE Be-7 K-40 Cr-51 Mn-54 Co-58 Fe-59
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
29 03/19/24 0.1959 0.1094 6.4600 0.6067 0.0662 0.1105
-0.0073 0.0115 0.0040 0.0137
-0.0029 0.0347 29 06/03/24 0.0911 0.1271 6.7380 0.5715 0.0191 0.1240 0.0072 0.0126
-0.0068 0.0132
-0.0035 0.0303 29 08/22/24 0.1317 0.1083 6.3330 0.5256
-0.0651 0.1030 0.0001 0.0106
-0.0126 0.0115 0.0227 0.0308 29 10/29/24 0.0375 0.1171 5.9410 0.5380 0.1179 0.1219 0.0042 0.0134 0.0094 0.0133 0.0062 0.0310 32 03/19/24 0.0994 0.1319 8.1280 0.6937
-0.0475 0.1399
-0.0023 0.0144
-0.0026 0.0147 0.0188 0.0373 32 06/03/24 0.0570 0.1141 8.9570 0.8445
-0.0388 0.1132
-0.0067 0.0141
-0.0056 0.0159 0.0027 0.0430 32 08/22/24 0.0856 0.1290 6.8930 0.6641 0.0334 0.1261 0.0097 0.0150 0.0031 0.0136 0.0309 0.0402 32 12/09/24 0.0678 0.0957 7.7090 0.6470 0.0502 0.0850 0.0022 0.0135
-0.0099 0.0114
-0.0023 0.0288 35 03/14/24 0.1687 0.0869 5.2420 0.3725
-0.0103 0.0692
-0.0002 0.0074
-0.0096 0.0080
-0.0134 0.0173 35 06/03/24 0.1792 0.1237 8.2360 0.6539
-0.0147 0.1158
-0.0023 0.0122 0.0005 0.0139
-0.0139 0.0366 35 09/16/24 0.0203 0.1084 6.3830 0.4832 0.1025 0.1131
-0.0001 0.0125
-0.0026 0.0119 0.0027 0.0292 35 10/28/24
-0.0077 0.1215 8.2930 0.7467 0.0988 0.1302
-0.0033 0.0149 0.0004 0.0156 0.0461 0.0395 36C 03/14/24 0.1215 0.1037 5.0540 0.5381
-0.0039 0.0930 0.0027 0.0117
-0.0060 0.0102
-0.0272 0.0272 36C 06/10/24 0.2639 0.1703 6.0040 0.7018
-0.0623 0.1761 0.0054 0.0187 0.0153 0.0188
-0.0015 0.0480 36C 09/10/24 0.0244 0.1226 5.5990 0.6185 0.0230 0.1127 0.0135 0.0141 0.0075 0.0133
-0.0170 0.0283 36C 12/09/24 0.0511 0.1063 5.4510 0.5380 0.0259 0.0950 0.0038 0.0132
-0.0034 0.0111 0.0254 0.0249 C= Control location, Background location Results in bold type are positive.
TABLE 12 AQUATIC FLORA - FUCUS (pCi/g wet wt.)
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
330
COLLECTION LOCATION DATE Co-60 Zn-65 Nb-95 Zr-95 Ru-103 Ru-106
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
29 03/19/24 0.0073 0.0150
-0.0582 0.0407
-0.0087 0.0156 0.0055 0.0243
-0.0016 0.0130
-0.0919 0.1123 29 06/03/24 0.0230 0.0169 0.0000 0.0363
-0.0004 0.0140
-0.0136 0.0251 0.0081 0.0149 0.0692 0.1091 29 08/22/24 0.0062 0.0127 0.0137 0.0297
-0.0011 0.0121
-0.0004 0.0211
-0.0058 0.0129
-0.0139 0.1022 29 10/29/24
-0.0004 0.0122
-0.0272 0.0314 0.0043 0.0129
-0.0170 0.0226
-0.0002 0.0136 0.0495 0.1206 32 03/19/24
-0.0100 0.0155 0.0063 0.0363
-0.0019 0.0158
-0.0068 0.0260
-0.0009 0.0156 0.0523 0.1280 32 06/03/24 0.0108 0.0199
-0.0441 0.0464
-0.0038 0.0162 0.0199 0.0282
-0.0088 0.0145
-0.0232 0.1194 32 08/22/24
-0.0047 0.0144
-0.0266 0.0410
-0.0021 0.0160 0.0189 0.0304
-0.0092 0.0153
-0.1371 0.1253 32 12/09/24 0.0031 0.0135
-0.0453 0.0339 0.0118 0.0129 0.0188 0.0215
-0.0054 0.0118
-0.0240 0.1050 35 03/14/24
-0.0012 0.0078 0.0077 0.0213 0.0087 0.0090
-0.0044 0.0123 0.0010 0.0079
-0.0057 0.0631 35 06/03/24 0.0030 0.0147 0.0003 0.0415
-0.0091 0.0139
-0.0179 0.0283 0.0018 0.0144 0.0445 0.1064 35 09/16/24 0.0077 0.0131
-0.0417 0.0340
-0.0078 0.0126 0.0018 0.0214 0.0099 0.0135
-0.0002 0.1133 35 10/28/24 0.0014 0.0160 0.0002 0.0388
-0.0059 0.0150 0.0064 0.0243
-0.0083 0.0161 0.0219 0.1381 36C 03/14/24 0.0070 0.0125 0.0070 0.0267 0.0078 0.0132 0.0078 0.0201 0.0048 0.0114
-0.0765 0.1083 36C 06/10/24
-0.0002 0.0194
-0.0633 0.0459
-0.0025 0.0186
-0.0045 0.0311
-0.0087 0.0221 0.0318 0.1520 36C 09/10/24
-0.0093 0.0146
-0.0339 0.0371
-0.0100 0.0132
-0.0120 0.0225
-0.0095 0.0117
-0.0045 0.1154 36C 12/09/24 0.0003 0.0141
-0.0432 0.0333
-0.0027 0.0115 0.0157 0.0229
-0.0018 0.0119 0.0717 0.0993 C= Control location, Background location Results in bold type are positive.
TABLE 12 AQUATIC FLORA - FUCUS (pCi/g wet wt.)
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
331
COLLECTION LOCATION DATE Ag-110M Sb-125 I-131 Cs-134 Cs-137 Ac-228
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
29 03/19/24 0.0009 0.0137 0.0071 0.0372 0.0128 0.0210 0.0166 0.0148 0.0098 0.0141 0.0591 0.0588 29 06/03/24
-0.0016 0.0132 0.0200 0.0381 0.0078 0.0240 0.0091 0.0156
-0.0004 0.0137 0.1226 0.0642 29 08/22/24
-0.0019 0.0112
-0.0015 0.0272 0.0137 0.0307 0.0002 0.0121
-0.0015 0.0122 0.0914 0.0504 29 10/29/24
-0.0019 0.0114 0.0227 0.0330 0.0161 0.0215 0.0067 0.0140 0.0019 0.0136 0.0146 0.0526 32 03/19/24
-0.0007 0.0132 0.0290 0.0392 0.0336 0.0266
-0.0020 0.0164
-0.0049 0.0159 0.0710 0.0633 32 06/03/24
-0.0041 0.0133 0.0133 0.0342
-0.0068 0.0243 0.0038 0.0180
-0.0180 0.0160 0.0903 0.0767 32 08/22/24 0.0028 0.0106
-0.0030 0.0312 0.0223 0.0323
-0.0121 0.0158
-0.0089 0.0129 0.0947 0.0686 32 12/09/24 0.0098 0.0130 0.0171 0.0292 0.0055 0.0138 0.0009 0.0142
-0.0045 0.0154 0.0776 0.0571 35 03/14/24 0.0077 0.0070
-0.0122 0.0203 0.0190 0.0105 0.0011 0.0075
-0.0098 0.0078 0.0665 0.0316 35 06/03/24
-0.0001 0.0134
-0.0120 0.0386 0.0168 0.0225 0.0040 0.0170 0.0009 0.0150 0.0918 0.0639 35 09/16/24
-0.0057 0.0115 0.0001 0.0334 0.0398 0.0224
-0.0069 0.0147 0.0005 0.0126 0.0624 0.0508 35 10/28/24 0.0041 0.0145
-0.0196 0.0421 0.0177 0.0242
-0.0104 0.0161 0.0014 0.0173 0.1169 0.0762 36C 03/14/24 0.0000 0.0106 0.0017 0.0275 0.0112 0.0158 0.0042 0.0137 0.0039 0.0119 0.0802 0.0550 36C 06/10/24
-0.0054 0.0152 0.0427 0.0458 0.0207 0.0326
-0.0031 0.0178 0.0034 0.0168 0.1043 0.0803 36C 09/10/24
-0.0051 0.0137 0.0189 0.0395 0.0060 0.0208 0.0101 0.0137 0.0050 0.0150 0.0613 0.0533 36C 12/09/24 0.0051 0.0114 0.0299 0.0335 0.0088 0.0147 0.0168 0.0137
-0.0070 0.0112 0.0064 0.0502 C= Control location, Background location Results in bold type are positive.
TABLE 12 AQUATIC FLORA - FUCUS (pCi/g wet wt.)
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
332
COLLECTION LOCATION DATE Be-7 K-40 Cr-51 Mn-54 Co-58 Fe-59
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
29 06/13/24
-0.046 0.248 3.830 0.781
-0.015 0.250
-0.008 0.028
-0.003 0.025
-0.009 0.055 29 10/17/24
-0.043 0.115 3.911 0.469 0.010 0.110 0.009 0.015 0.012 0.015
-0.010 0.029 35 05/23/24
-0.051 0.242 3.796 0.926
-0.036 0.239 0.011 0.031 0.014 0.029
-0.029 0.057 35 10/28/24 0.004 0.205 3.453 0.794
-0.003 0.197
-0.015 0.024 0.000 0.020 0.024 0.051 COLLECTION LOCATION DATE Co-60 Zn-65 Nb-95 Zr-95 Ru-103 Ru-106
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
29 06/13/24 0.038 0.034
-0.042 0.077
-0.028 0.033 0.048 0.057 0.011 0.026
-0.064 0.232 29 10/17/24 0.008 0.016
-0.060 0.035 0.008 0.014 0.024 0.026
-0.002 0.014
-0.066 0.125 35 05/23/24
-0.009 0.031
-0.097 0.074 0.004 0.026
-0.007 0.055 0.007 0.032
-0.039 0.263 35 10/28/24 0.013 0.025
-0.019 0.065
-0.002 0.028 0.006 0.041 0.001 0.022 0.224 0.208 COLLECTION LOCATION DATE Ag-110M Sb-125 I-131 Cs-134 Cs-137 Ac-228
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
29 06/13/24 0.015 0.029 0.019 0.070 0.030 0.049 0.008 0.027
-0.003 0.032
-0.023 0.108 29 10/17/24
-0.014 0.013 0.006 0.037
-0.016 0.024
-0.012 0.017 0.018 0.013
-0.059 0.064 35 05/23/24 0.016 0.027 0.012 0.076 0.024 0.043
-0.004 0.030 0.008 0.029 0.020 0.108 35 10/28/24 0.009 0.023 0.002 0.060 0.039 0.047
-0.025 0.026
-0.011 0.026 0.032 0.083 Results in bold type are positive.
TABLE 13 FISH (pCi/g wet wt.)
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
333
COLLECTION LOCATION DATE Be-7 K-40 Cr-51 Mn-54 Co-58 Fe-59
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
31 06/27/24 0.060 0.185 1.766 0.488 0.172 0.223 0.005 0.018
-0.014 0.022
-0.017 0.049 31 09/18/24 0.196 0.240 2.574 0.706 0.285 0.274 0.007 0.034
-0.017 0.028
-0.023 0.070 89C 05/29/24 0.060 0.246 1.491 0.826
-0.307 0.272
-0.006 0.031
-0.017 0.036
-0.042 0.085 89C 07/29/24
-0.112 0.182 1.878 0.502
-0.031 0.183
-0.016 0.020 0.009 0.016
-0.013 0.045 COLLECTION LOCATION DATE Co-60 Zn-65 Nb-95 Zr-95 Ru-103 Ru-106
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
31 06/27/24
-0.015 0.024
-0.023 0.049 0.001 0.024
-0.049 0.039
-0.018 0.022
-0.110 0.196 31 09/18/24
-0.014 0.028
-0.144 0.076
-0.001 0.035
-0.011 0.053
-0.014 0.034
-0.033 0.266 89C 05/29/24
-0.027 0.038
-0.038 0.072 0.003 0.033 0.031 0.052
-0.007 0.034
-0.137 0.348 89C 07/29/24 0.001 0.022
-0.064 0.050 0.003 0.020
-0.002 0.035
-0.001 0.019 0.060 0.166 COLLECTION LOCATION DATE Ag-110M Sb-125 I-131 Cs-134 Cs-137 Ac-228
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
31 06/27/24
-0.001 0.020
-0.036 0.053 0.012 0.053
-0.005 0.024
-0.011 0.021 0.013 0.085 31 09/18/24
-0.002 0.030 0.032 0.082
-0.012 0.045 0.016 0.036
-0.001 0.033
-0.085 0.107 89C 05/29/24 0.025 0.037
-0.058 0.104
-0.050 0.055 0.042 0.044
-0.002 0.041
-0.127 0.118 89C 07/29/24
-0.006 0.016
-0.016 0.051 0.013 0.033
-0.014 0.020
-0.005 0.017
-0.018 0.071 C= Control location, Background location Results in bold type are positive.
TABLE 14 OYSTERS (pCi/g wet wt.)
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
334
COLLECTION LOCATION DATE Be-7 K-40 Cr-51 Mn-54 Co-58 Fe-59
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
29 06/12/24
-0.002 0.301 1.943 0.854 0.170 0.268
-0.004 0.040
-0.017 0.038 0.011 0.053 29 09/16/24
-0.171 0.204 1.799 0.634
-0.073 0.235
-0.032 0.030 0.005 0.025
-0.017 0.050 31 06/27/24 0.024 0.152 1.846 0.527
-0.069 0.155 0.001 0.016 0.006 0.016
-0.026 0.037 31 11/07/24 0.072 0.159 2.664 0.579 0.048 0.185 0.010 0.021
-0.017 0.016 0.008 0.039 COLLECTION LOCATION DATE Co-60 Zn-65 Nb-95 Zr-95 Ru-103 Ru-106
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
29 06/12/24 0.050 0.044
-0.027 0.086 0.007 0.040 0.053 0.063
-0.008 0.038 0.198 0.350 29 09/16/24
-0.021 0.030
-0.037 0.065 0.010 0.027
-0.004 0.043
-0.009 0.024
-0.087 0.212 31 06/27/24 0.000 0.018 0.003 0.042
-0.001 0.021 0.005 0.030 0.004 0.019 0.003 0.159 31 11/07/24
-0.005 0.022 0.023 0.048
-0.003 0.020
-0.021 0.039
-0.014 0.022 0.091 0.162 COLLECTION LOCATION DATE Ag-110M Sb-125 I-131 Cs-134 Cs-137 Ac-228
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
29 06/12/24
-0.011 0.036 0.020 0.088
-0.026 0.049
-0.019 0.041 0.002 0.040 0.019 0.151 29 09/16/24
-0.010 0.022
-0.023 0.060
-0.018 0.044 0.005 0.031
-0.001 0.024 0.084 0.104 31 06/27/24 0.006 0.015 0.015 0.044
-0.010 0.044 0.005 0.015 0.005 0.016
-0.017 0.062 31 11/07/24 0.006 0.019
-0.007 0.051
-0.031 0.056 0.001 0.019 0.014 0.020 0.091 0.065 Results in bold type are positive.
TABLE 15 CLAMS (pCi/g wet wt.)
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COLLECTION LOCATION DATE Be-7 K-40 Cr-51 Mn-54 Co-58 Fe-59
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
35 05/29/24 0.196 0.248 3.606 0.995
-0.062 0.257 0.006 0.030
-0.003 0.030 0.043 0.057 35 07/02/24 0.123 0.285 2.458 0.886 0.052 0.252
-0.006 0.035 0.007 0.034 0.025 0.071 89C 06/13/24
-0.041 0.212 2.726 0.713
-0.139 0.210
-0.010 0.030
-0.006 0.025 0.000 0.041 89C 09/05/24
-0.099 0.205 3.031 0.676 0.016 0.235
-0.014 0.029
-0.015 0.026
-0.009 0.062 COLLECTION LOCATION DATE Co-60 Zn-65 Nb-95 Zr-95 Ru-103 Ru-106
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
35 05/29/24
-0.021 0.036 0.033 0.089 0.018 0.034
-0.012 0.056 0.011 0.034
-0.022 0.279 35 07/02/24 0.014 0.035
-0.002 0.076 0.017 0.034 0.029 0.061
-0.022 0.034 0.176 0.299 89C 06/13/24 0.010 0.027 0.024 0.061
-0.008 0.023
-0.006 0.048 0.001 0.025 0.119 0.204 89C 09/05/24 0.024 0.029 0.018 0.067 0.017 0.031
-0.009 0.039 0.010 0.027
-0.091 0.230 COLLECTION LOCATION DATE Ag-110M Sb-125 I-131 Cs-134 Cs-137 Ac-228
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
35 05/29/24
-0.013 0.027
-0.038 0.078 0.028 0.043
-0.011 0.030 0.031 0.031 0.000 0.109 35 07/02/24 0.013 0.027 0.020 0.088
-0.048 0.056 0.000 0.038 0.007 0.032 0.070 0.132 89C 06/13/24 0.000 0.022
-0.003 0.061
-0.014 0.035 0.012 0.024 0.022 0.023
-0.015 0.101 89C 09/05/24 0.006 0.024 0.006 0.072
-0.002 0.031 0.023 0.031
-0.002 0.028
-0.034 0.091 C= Control Location, Background location Results in bold type are positive.
TABLE 16 LOBSTERS (pCi/g wet wt.)
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024 41
- 4. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS This section summarizes the results of the analyses on the REMP samples. Station related tritium (H-3) radioactivity was detected in seawater collected at the quarry discharge point. This was within the station boundary. The naturally occurring nuclides of Be-7, K-40, and Ac-228, were detected in some samples. Be-7 is from cosmic radiation. It was observed in fruits, vegetables, air, and broadleaf vegetation samples. K-40 and Ac-228 are two common terrestrial isotopes. K-40 was not seen in well water samples but was observed in other samples. Ac-228 was observed in bottom sediment, soil, and lobsters samples. Cs-137 and Sr-90 from atmospheric nuclear weapons testing in the 1960s has been observed in the past. A study by the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection in 2006 affirmed that radioactivity from nuclear weapons testing has decreased to almost non-detectable levels (Reference 19). Since 2006 detection of Cs-137 and Sr-90 in environmental samples has been rare. Cs-137 from nuclear weapons testing was detected above MDC at two locations and at MDC (Minimum Detectable Concentration) at one location in 2024. Based on sample location, it is expected to identify the presence of Cs-137 in undisturbed soil22. The remaining REMP samples obtained during 2024 did not indicate the presence of Cs-137 and the overall trend is decreasing (Figure 4.5-1).
4.1 Gamma Exposure Rate (Table 1)
Gamma exposure rate is determined from the integrated exposure measured over a calendar quarter using TLDs. Prior to 1990, Victoreen CaF2(Mn) glass bulb dosimeters were used for these measurements. In 1990, these were replaced by Harshaw CaF2(Mn) chips. In 2000, the CaF2(Mn) TLDs, were replaced with the CaSO4(Tm) Panasonic model UD-814 AS1 TLDs.
Readings are recorded as µR/hr. The unit µR stands for micro-roentgen with a micro being one-millionth of a roentgen. A roentgen is the quantity of radiation equal to 87.6 ergs of energy per gram of air. For gamma exposure a micro-roentgen is equivalent to a micro-rem, a measure of dose to man.
The dosimeters are strategically placed at several onsite locations, as well as at inner and outer offsite locations. Starting in 2001, the collection of TLDs was changed from monthly to quarterly and additional measurement locations were incorporated into the REMP requirements listed in the REMODCM (Reference 8). Three more locations (73-75) were added in mid-2003 to prepare for monitoring the potential effect from the ISFSI. Two dry cask containers were loaded in 2005, three in 2006, three in 2007, three in 2009, three in 2010, four in 2012, six in 2015, five in 2016, three in 2018, seven in 2019, six in 2021, two in 2022, three in 2023, and three in 2024.
Prior to any cask loading, the background readings average recorded from mid 2003 - 2004 were: 9.5 µR/hour at Location 73, 7.5 µR/hour at Location 74, and 6.9 µR/hour at Location 75.
In 2024, the annual average exposure rate measurement for the ISFSI area was 7.5 µR/hour at Location 73, 7.3 µR/hour at Location 74, and 6.5 µR/hour at Location 75. The station offsite dose from ISFSI for 2024 was 0.03 mrem/year, which is below the 25 mrem/year limit per 40.190 CFR.
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024 42
Table 1 in Section 3.2 lists the exposure rate measurements for all 43 monitored locations.
These measurements demonstrate the general variations in background radiation between the various onsite and offsite locations and include gamma exposure from all sources of radioactivity.
For example, the Weather Shack (Location 2), Quarry East (Location 5), Environmental Laboratory (Location 8), Bay Point Beach (Location 9), Goshen Fire Dept (Location 10), and Corey Road (Location 48) experience higher exposure rates due to their proximity to granite beds and stonewalls. In addition, the control locations in Mystic, Ledyard, Norwich, and Old Lyme (Location 13C, 14C, 15C, and 16C) had background exposure rates consistent with rates seen in the past years.
Figure 4.1-1 shows a historical trend of TLD exposure rate measurements, comparing an annual average of all indicator TLDs, an annual average of all control TLDs, and the annual average of the two most critical indicator locations, location 1 and 3, which are used to represent the two closest site boundary residences in the North-northwest and Northeast directions. The average indicator and control readings were both about 7.8 R/hour.
Figure 4.1-1 also relates the difference in indicator locations 1 and 3 and the annual average of all indicator TLDs to the annual average of the control TLDs collected and measured during coincident periods throughout the year. Locations 1 and 3 are important because they are onsite and located between the plant and nearby populated areas. As discussed earlier, the exposure measurements of many indicator locations onsite (and two of the control locations) are influenced by natural background exposure differences caused by the many granite outcroppings typical of the local area. Figure 4.1-1 shows that the annual average at indicator Location 3 was lower in gamma exposure rate than the average control gamma exposure rate. These differences are the result of the differences in granite at these locations. Location 3 was moved in the second quarter 2009 to minimize the effect of tree covering for the air sampler also located at this location. The 2000 to 2009 data for Location 3 shows an increase likely attributable to 1-3 µR/hr gradients observed from the granite bedrock of the MPS Site (Reference 21). Over the last 10 years there has been no significant change in the annual gamma exposure rate (Figure 4.1-1); the small variation in the results for all indicators, including location 1 and locations 3, are expected due to counting statistical variation.
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
43
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Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
44
4.2 Air Particulate Gross Beta Radioactivity (Table 2)
Air is continuously sampled at seven inner ring (0 to 2 miles) locations and one control location (14 miles N) by passing it through glass fiber particulate filters. These samples are collected every two weeks and analyzed for gross beta radioactivity. Results are shown on Figure 4.2-1 and Table 2. Gross beta activity remained at levels similar to that seen over the last decade.
Indicators and control monitoring locations continue to show no significant variation in measured activities and are within the expected calculated uncertainty of +/-0.002 pCi/m3 (see Figure 4.2-2).
This indicates that any station contribution is not measurable.
Concentration (pCi/m 3) 0 0
0 8
V, 0 s s
V, 0
ia ia V,
Jan-2020 M ar-2020 M ay-2020 Jul-2020 Sep-2020 Nov-2020 Jan-2021 M ar-2021 M ay-2021 Jul-2021 Sep-2021 Nov-2021 Jan-2022 M ar-2022 M ay-2022 C..
Jul-2022 Sep-2022 Nov-2022 Jan-2023 M ar-2023 M ay-2023 Jul-2023 Sep-2023 Nov-2023 Jan-2024 Mar-2024 M ay-2024 Jul-2024 Sep-2024 Nov-2024 Jan-2025 0
0 g g co Jan-2024 Feb-2024 Mar-2024 Apr-2024 May-2024 Jun-2024 Jul-2024 Aug-2024 Sep-2024 Oct-2024 Nov-2024 Dec-2024 Concentartion (pCi/m3) 0 0
b 0
0... "
0 0
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0 0...
co 0
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0 0
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Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
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4.3 Airborne Iodine (Table 3)
Charcoal cartridges are included at all the air particulate monitoring stations for the collection of atmospheric iodine. These cartridges were analyzed for I-131 every two weeks. No detectable levels of I-131 were seen in the 2024 charcoal samples.
4.4 Air Particulate Gamma (Table 4)
The air particulate samples that are utilized for the gross beta analyses are composited quarterly and analyzed for gamma emitting isotopes including strontium analysis as a substitute for milk analysis. The results, as shown in Table 4, indicate the presence of naturally occurring Be-7, which is produced by cosmic radiation. No other positive results are seen. These analyses indicate that there was not any detectable station related radioactivity in the air samples.
4.5 Soil (Table 5)
This media is collected annually from one control and two indicator locations. MPS has collected and analyzed soil since 2001. Prior to 2001, soil had not been sampled for over fifteen years because station related detectable activity had not been detected. Since 2001 no station detectable activity has been seen in these samples. Naturally occurring nuclides K-40 and Ac-228 were detected in soil. Cs-137 from nuclear weapons testing was detected slightly above MDC (Minimum Detectable Concentration) in one soil indicator samples in 2024. The results of these samples, allows for the determination of baseline activity levels in soil. This is particularly important for Cs-137 since significant levels from past weapons testing fallout remain in the soil.
Figure 4.5-1 shows the trend of Cs-137 in soil samples, the trend appears to be declining with time with an expected counting statistical variation observed over the last 15 years. Baseline levels should be useful in the future, when site characterization and decommissioning of the station become the focus during preparations for license termination.
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1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1
0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0
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Figure 4.5-1 Cs-137 in Soil
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....I 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
- Ledyard 12 Miles NE 2018 2020
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2022 2024
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
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4.6 Milk (Table 6)
Each year the Land Use Census is used to identify locations of milk animals that should be included in the monitoring program. It is performed annually and is maintained by observations, door-to-door surveys, and consulting with local agriculture authorities. The 2024 census is listed in Appendix A. If a new dairy farm is identified close enough to MPS to be considered an indicator location, the collection of milk at that location would be added.
In 2024, the Land Use Census did not locate any location of commercial milk farms within 10 miles of Millstone Power Station. Prior to 2018, milk samples were obtained and analyzed for strontium from a farm that is no longer producing milk. A valid substitute for milk analysis is air filters strontium analysis and gamma analysis of broadleaf vegetation. This strontium analysis of air filter was determined to be more effective than milk analysis, (Reference 23). The air sampling stations are located closer to the plant and in the predominant downwind direction.
4.7 Well Water (Table 7)
All REMP wells samples including ISFSI wells samples were less than the Lower Level of Detection Limit (LLD). Naturally occurring nuclide K-40 was the only isotope detected in one of the samples. Additional samples from other wells were obtained as part of the Groundwater Protection Program (GWPP). Results from the GWPP are reported in the MPS annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report for 2024. ISFSI wells results have been documented in Table 7 as required by the Connecticut Siting Council.
4.8 Fruits and Vegetables (Table 8)
Consistent with past years, this media did not show any station effects. Naturally occurring nuclides Be-7 and K-40 were the only isotopes detected in the samples.
4.9 Broad Leaf Vegetation (Table 9)
Consistent with past years, this media did not show any station effects. Most samples had detectable levels of cosmic produced Be-7 and naturally occurring K-40. Occasionally these samples have indicated positive levels of Cs-137 in the past. This can be attributed to fallout from weapons testing which has been widespread in terrestrial samples for many years. Cs-137 was not detected in any of the 2024 collected Broad Leaf Vegetation samples.
4.10 Seawater (Table 10)
The guidance in Reference 15 specifies one sample upstream (control - beyond significant influence of the discharge) and one sample downstream (indicator - beyond but near the mixing zone) for surface water samples. Historically the downstream sample for MPS has been located in the vicinity of discharge (Location 32) which is prior to the mixing zone. This location was chosen since it was readily accessible and not affected by cold weather conditions. Operation of an automatic sampler at the indicator location is necessary for providing a representative sample.
Any dose consequences can be assessed by use of the appropriate dilution factors. It is not necessary to have a continuous sampler at the control location due to the historical relative consistency noted in seawater background activity near the Millstone.
A technician collects an aliquot from the automatic sampler at Location 32 on a weekly frequency.
These samples are composited for monthly analyses. For the Control Location, Giants Neck (Location 37C), six weekly grab samples are obtained for quarterly compositing.
Naturally occurring K-40 was the only detectable gamma activities seen in these samples.
Measured station related levels of H-3, beta activity, in seawater from the vicinity of discharge (Location 32) were observed in most samples. Tritium releases are typically higher near outages
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
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due to the need for increased liquid processing during these times. As mentioned above, these samples are taken directly from liquid effluent flow prior to dilution into the Long Island Sound.
Tritium builds up in the reactor coolant during each fuel cycle. It is generated during station operation from fission and neutron reactions. Figure 4.10-1 shows an eighteen-year trend of Tritium (H-3) releases in the MPS liquid effluents versus the measured environmental concentrations from the vicinity of discharge location. In 2024 MPS had one outage requiring the processing and subsequent discharge of processed refueling water. The highest quarterly average H-3 value in 2024 for seawater was 1,512 pCi/l, which is well below the drinking water limit established by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of 20,000 pCi/l. The total annual exposure from the liquid discharge pathway for 2024 was 0.002 mrem/yr.
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Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
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4.11 Bottom Sediment (Table 11)
There was no station related radioactivity detected in bottom sediment samples in 2024.
Naturally occurring K-40 was seen in all samples and naturally occurring Ac-228 in some samples. Bottom sediment is not a significant dose pathway to man, especially at areas not typically used by the public.
4.12 Aquatic Flora (Table 12)
Aquatic flora is a sensitive indicator of low levels of man-made radioactivity (e.g., Mn-54, Co-58, Co-60, Zn-65, I-131 and Ag-110m) in the environment, therefore, it was added as a required sample at four locations in revision 28 of the REMODCM. Naturally occurring K-40 was the only isotope detected in the samples.
4.13 Fish (Table 13)
The activity in fish is the same as that seen in the past. No activity was observed except for the naturally occurring K-40.
4.14 Oysters (Table 14)
All locations utilize oysters stocked in trays. Oyster sampling has occasionally presented challenges in obtaining the sample size required for analysis. In 2024 four adequately sized for analysis samples were obtained. Only naturally occurring K-40 was detected in the collected samples. No plant related radioactivity was detected in oysters in 2024.
4.15 Clams (Table 15)
In 2024, only the naturally occurring isotope, K-40, was detected in the collected samples.
4.16 Lobsters (Table 16)
In 2024, only the naturally occurring isotope, K-40, was detected in the collected samples
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
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- 5. REFERENCES
- 1)
United States of America, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part 50, Appendix A Criteria 64.
- 2)
Donald T. Oakley, "Natural Radiation Exposure in the United States," U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORP/SID 72-1, June 1972.
- 3)
National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Report No. 160, "Ionizing Radiation Exposures of the Population of the United States," March 2009.
- 4)
National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Report No. 94, "Exposure of the Population of the United States and Canada from Natural Background Radiation,"
December 1987.
- 5)
United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Regulatory Guide 8.29, "Instructions Concerning Risks from Occupational Radiation Exposure," Revision 0, July 1981.
- 6)
United States of America, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part 20.1302.
- 7)
United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Regulatory Guide 1.109, "Calculation of Annual Doses to Man from Routine Releases of Reactor Effluents for the Purpose of Evaluating Compliance with 10 CFR Part 50, Appendix I," Revision 1, October 1977.
- 8)
Millstone Power Station Radiological Effluent Monitoring and Offsite Dose Calculation Manual, Revision 30, September 19, 2018
- 9)
Millstone Power Station Unit 1 Defueled Technical Specifications, License No. DPR-21.
- 10) Millstone Power Station Unit 2 Technical Specifications, License No. DPR-65.
- 11) Millstone Power Station Unit 3 Technical Specifications, License No. NPF-49.
- 12) United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Regulatory Guide 4.1, "Program for Monitoring Radioactivity in the Environs of Nuclear Power Plants," Rev. 1, April 1975.
- 13) ICN/TracerLab, "Millstone Power Station Pre-Operational Environmental Radiation Survey Program, Quarterly Reports," April 1967 to June 1970.
- 14) International Commission of Radiological Protection, Publication No.43, "Principles of Monitoring for the Radiation Protection of the Population," May 1984.
- 15) United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, NUREG-1301, "Offsite Dose Calculation Manual Guidance: Standard Radiological Effluent Controls for Pressurized Water Reactors," April 1991.
- 16) United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Branch Technical Position, "An Acceptable Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program", Rev. 1, November 1979.
- 17) Reassessment of Millstone Power Stations Environmental Monitoring Data, Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Radiation, March 2006.
- 18) Nuclear Regulatory Commission Regulatory Guide 4.1, Radiological Environmental Monitoring for Nuclear Power Plants, Revision 2, June 2009.
- 19) Division of Radiation, CT Dept. of Energy and Environmental Protection, Reassessment of Millstone Power Stations Environmental Monitoring Data, January 2006.
- 20) Connecticut Sitting Council Decision and Order for ISFSI, Docket No. 265, May 27, 2004.
- 21) RP-16-08, Take-Home Thermoluminescent Dosimeter Variance, June 17, 2016.
- 22) MP-HPO-98137, "Determination of Cs-137 In Undisturbed Soil At Locations Greater Than 10 Miles From Millstone Site", July 28, 1998.
- 23) MP-HPO-17067, Milk Availability for the Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program, October 11, 2017.
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
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APPENDIX A LAND USE CENSUS FOR 2024
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
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The annual land use census in the vicinity of MPS was conducted as required by the MPS REMODCM. Table A-1 is a list of closest residents in each of twelve over-land compass sectors around Millstone. The list of residents was determined by a survey of properties around Millstone using Google Earth and verified by a field survey. It was assumed that the closest resident was also the closest garden. No changes from the 2023 closest resident list were identified.
Table A-2 is a list of milk and other foods within ten miles of Millstone. Cow and goat milk producers were identified using the State of Connecticut Agriculture Department list of licensees and using American Dairy Goat Association (ADGA). There were no animals producing milk located within ten miles of Millstone Power Station. As a substitute for milk samples, strontium analysis of air filter and gamma analysis of broadleaf vegetation are being performed on quarterly basis.
Other sources of food were obtained from the Internet at http://www.farmfresh.org by searching for businesses closest to Waterford, CT. A search using Google Earth and field surveys were used to identify additional sources, Figure A-1. No changes from the 2023 sources of food locations were identified.
The 2024 Land Use Census also evaluated aquatic sampling exposure pathways from the fish and shellfish located around MPS. Figure A-2 shows shellfish beds around MPS from the Bureau of Aquaculture of the Department of Agriculture. The saltwater fishing areas are identified in Figure A-3. No changes from the 2023 aquatic sampling exposure pathways were identified.
The dose modeling incorporates the distances listed in Tables A-1, A-2.
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
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Table A-1 2024 Survey Downwind Direction Resident/Garden1 miles meters N
0.95 1,529 NNE 0.53 853 NE 0.47 756 ENE 0.50 805 E
0.92 1,481 ESE 1.06 1,706 SE2 N/A N/A SSE2 N/A N/A S2 N/A N/A SSW2 N/A N/A SW 2.28 3,669 WSW 1.95 3,138 W
1.78 2,865 WNW 1.51 2,430 NW 1.35 2,173 NNW 0.51 821 Notes:
- 1. No gardens located closer than resident.
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
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Table A-2 Dairy and food producers within Ten miles of Millstone - 2024 Sector Miles Business Location Comments NW 1.95 Smith's Acres Niantic Fruits and vegetables NE 1.96 Mingo Goat Waterford Registered ADGA member only, no goats on site.
ENE 2.8 Secchiaroli Farms Waterford Has pigs, fed nonlocal sources and have concrete pens N
3.2 Scotts Farm &
Garden Waterford Fruits and vegetables WNW 5.0 Four Mile River Farm Old Lyme Eggs, Meat NW 5.2 Scott's Yankee Farmer East Lyme Fruits, vegetables, and cider NNW 5.3 White Gate Farm East Lyme Vegetables, Herbs, Eggs, Meat, Nursery, and Flowers ENE 6.8 Leverett Goat Groton Registered ADGA member only, no goats on site.
N 7.4 Hunts Brook Farm Quaker Hill Honey, Maple, and Vegetables ENE 7.5 Groton Family Farm Groton Vegetables, Honey, Maple, and Eggs NE 8.3 Red Fence Farm Groton Fruits, vegetables, cows, and pig.
Cows not producing milk N
9.2 Valchris Farm Oakdale Organic Fruits & Vegetables Table A-3 Current Sampling Locations for Vegetation - 2024 No.
Description Farm Name City Sample Type 25-I Indicator Within 10 Miles Red Fence Farm Groton Vegetation 25-X Extra Within 10 Miles Scotts Farm & Garden Waterford Vegetation 26-C Control Beyond 10 Miles Scott's Orchard Farm Market Old Saybrook Vegetation 26-X Extra Beyond 10 Miles Scott's Orchard Farm Market Scotts Farm & Greenhouses Old Saybrook Essex Vegetation
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
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Figure A-1 Farms and Goats Products within ten miles of Millstone
- ' ~ricultural Farms
@ Goat Farms
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
A6
Figure A-2 Shellfish Beds in Vicinity of Millstone
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Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
A7
Figure A-3 Saltwater Fishing Resource Map
9/20/2024, 8:04:59 AM D
Security Exclusion Enhanced Opportunity Shore Fishing Sites a
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Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
B1
APPENDIX B
SUMMARY
OF INTERLABORATORY COMPARISONS
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc. Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024
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Summary of Results - Inter-laboratory Comparison Program (ICP)
The Teledyne Brown Engineering Environmental Services (TBE-ES) laboratory analyzed Performance Evaluation (PE) samples of air particulate (AP), milk, soil, vegetation, and water matrices that represent test and matrix combinations available for REMP programs. The PE samples supplied by Eckert & Ziegler (E&Z) Analytics Inc., Environmental Resource Associates (ERA), and Department of Energy (DOE) Mixed Analyte Performance Evaluation Program (MAPEP), were evaluated against the following pre-set acceptance criteria:
A.
E&Z Analytics Evaluation Criteria Analytics evaluation report provides a ratio of TBEs result and E&Z Analytics known value.
Since flag values are not assigned by E&Z Analytics, TBE evaluates the reported ratios based on internal QC requirements based on the DOE MAPEP criteria.
A = Acceptable - reported result falls within ratio limits of 0.80-1.20 W = Acceptable with warning - reported result falls within 0.70-0.80 or 1.20-1.30 N = Not Acceptable - reported result falls outside the ratio limits of < 0.70 and > 1.30 B.
ERA Evaluation Criteria ERAs evaluation report provides an acceptance range for control and warning limits with associated flag values. ERAs acceptance limits are established per the US EPA, National Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Conference (NELAC), state-specific Performance Testing (PT) program requirements or ERAs SOP for the Generation of Performance Acceptance Limits, as applicable. The acceptance limits are either determined by a regression equation specific to each analyte or a fixed percentage limit promulgated under the appropriate regulatory document.
A = Acceptable - Reported value falls within the Acceptance Limits N = Not Acceptable - Reported value falls outside of the Acceptance Limits C.
DOE Evaluation Criteria MAPEPs evaluation report provides an acceptance range with associated flag values. MAPEP defines three levels of performance:
Acceptable (flag = A) - result within +/- 20% of the reference value Acceptable with Warning (flag = W) - result falls in the +/- 20% to +/- 30% of the reference value Not Acceptable (flag = N) - bias is greater than 30% of the reference value Note: The Department of Energy (DOE) Mixed Analyte Performance Evaluation Program (MAPEP) samples are created to mimic conditions found at DOE sites which do not always resemble typical environmental samples obtained at commercial nuclear power facilities.
The Inter-Laboratory Comparison Program provides evidence of in control counting systems and methods, and that the laboratories are producing accurate and reliable data. For the TBE laboratory, 152 out of 167 analyses performed met the specified acceptance criteria. Fifteen analyses did not meet the specified acceptance criteria and were addressed through the TBE Corrective Action Program. A summary is found below:
- 1. NCR 24-02: ERA March MRAD-40 study with Air Particulate AM-241 evaluated as Not Acceptable. TBE reported 38.8 pCi/filter and the known value returned at 55.0 pCi/filter (range 39.3-73.3). The root cause investigation determined that the sample was not
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logged into the system correctly and therefore not prepared with the required tracer. To correct and prevent recurrence, personnel involved are to utilize a template to ensure all analyses are logged as required and the QA Manager will perform sample log review as a back up to ensure accuracy. Acceptable results returned in a later sample study, supporting effectiveness of corrective action.
- 2. NCR 24-03: ERA March MRAD-40 air particulate study GR-B evaluated as Not Acceptable. TBE reported 42.1 pCi/filter and the known value returned at 22.2 pCi/filter (range 13.5-33.5). The root cause investigation determined that alpha-to-beta crosstalk was more significant than normal which caused the beta activity to report falsely high data. To correct and prevent recurrence, personnel involved are to adjust the alpha-to-beta crosstalk via correction calculation measures when high alpha activities are observed. Acceptable results returned in a later sample study, supporting effectiveness of corrective action.
- 3. NCR 24-05: ERA April RAD-137 water study GR-A evaluated as Not Acceptable. TBE reported 35.2 pCi/L and the known value returned at 52.6 pCi/L (range 39.6-65.6). The root cause investigation determined that the provided samples contained a solids content that was significantly higher than the typical client samples tested by the laboratory. A set aliquot volume for prior ERA samples was used and not adjusted to account for the sudden increase in solid content. To correct and prevent recurrence, new sample types were ordered from ERA that used Am-231 to better reflect client sample testing and acceptable results were achieved. Acceptable results returned in a later sample study, supporting effectiveness of corrective action.
- 4. NCR 24-06: E&Z Analytics March E14092 air particulate study Co-60 evaluated as Not Acceptable. TBE reported 168 pCi and the known value returned at 126 pCi. Additionally, March E14093 soil Ce-141 evaluated as Not Acceptable. TBE reported 0.106pCi/g and the known value returned at 0.071pCi/g. The root cause investigation was unable to determine any anomaly thus no proposed corrective action. No recurrence has occurred.
- 5. CAR 24-02 (CAR 23-31): MAPEP February 24-MaS50 soil study Fe-55 evaluated as Not Acceptable. TBE reported 297 Bq/Kg and the known value returned at 650 Bq/Kb (range 455-845). The root cause investigation suspects that the current analytical procedure is not sufficient to add the interferences added to the sample by MAPEP. This investigation is still ongoing (See NCR 24-16) as the suggested corrective action did not provide desired results.
TBE reported 1070 Bq/Kg and the known value returned at 1530 Bq/Kb (range 1071-1989). The root cause investigation suspected that the sample contained added interferences that are not typically seen in client samples. All QC efforts associated with the sample were acceptable and no anomalies found, even after reanalysis. To correct and prevent recurrence, samples suspected of additional interferences will include the addition of Ni-59 tracer to determine yield results when calculating results. TBE analytical procedure TBE-2013 was updated to include this change.
- 7. NCR 24-09: MAPEP February 24-MaSU50 urine study Zn-65 evaluated as Not Acceptable. The root cause investigation determined that the sample was spiked lower than TBEs typical detection limit and client requirements. The report was revised by MAPEP indicating Not Evaluated, resulting in this nuclide to not be considered a failure.
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- 8. NCR 24-10: MAPEP February 24-MaW50 water study Tc-99 evaluated as Not Acceptable. TBE reported 9.95Bq/L and the known value returned 7.47Bq/L (range 5.23-9.71). The root cause investigation suspects Thorium interference that was not removed during the column separation process of the analytical procedure; however, it cannot be confirmed as all QC efforts associated with the sample were acceptable and with no anomalies found. To potentially correct and prevent recurrence, an additional rinse step was added to the procedure. Acceptable results returned in a later sample study, supporting effectiveness of corrective action.
- 9. NCR 24-11: MAPEP February 24-RdV50 vegetation study Sr-90 evaluated as Not Acceptable. TBE reported 0.276Bq/sample and the known value returned 0.529Bq/sample (range 0.370-0.688). The root cause investigation determined a laboratory accident resulting in a spilled (loss) of sample. No corrective action was performed as the cause was an unintentional sample spill.
- 10. NCR 24-14: ERA September MRAD-41 air particulate study U-234/238 evaluated as Not Acceptable. TBE reported 14.0/14.2 pCi/filter and the known value returned at 31.1/30.9 pCi/filter (range 23.1-36.9). The root cause investigation determined that the laboratory technician placed double the amount of tracer in the sample by error. To correct and prevent recurrence, samples that have been digested/leached with carrier/tracer added will have a label placed over the cap indicating it has already been added. Additionally, the beaker that aliquot is put in should have markings to indicate carrier/tracer has already been added to the sample.
- 11. NCR 24-15: ERA September MRAD-41 water study Fe-55 evaluated as Not Acceptable. TBE reported 615 pCi/L and the known value returned at 1230 pCi/L (range 723-1790). The root cause is still under investigation.
TBE did not report a value and the known value returned 780Bq/Kg (range 546-1014).
The root cause is still under investigation.
- 13. NCR 24-17: MAPEP August 24-RdV51 vegetation study Sr-90 evaluated as Not Acceptable. TBE reported 0.95Bq/sample and the known value returned 2.39Bq/sample (range 1.67-3.11). The root cause is still under investigation.
The Inter-Laboratory Comparison Program provides evidence of in control counting systems and methods, and that the laboratories are producing accurate and reliable data.
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A.1 Analytics Environmental Radioactivity Cross Check Program Teledyne Brown Engineering Environmental Services Identification TBE Kno'Ml Ratio of TBE to Month/Year Number Matrix Nuclide Units Reported Value 1' 1 Analytics Result Evaluation lbl Value March 2024 E14089 Milk Sr-89 pCi/L 79.6 78.2 1 02 A
Sr-90 pCi/L 12.6 11.9 1.06 A
E1 4090 Milk Ce-141 pCi/L 75.6 85.0 0.89 A
Co-58 pCi/L
-0.069 Not Measured Co-60 pCi/L 139 158 0.88 A
Cr-51 pCi/L 212 230 0.92 A
Cs-134 pCi/L 167 198 0.84 A
Cs-137 pCi/L 158 171 0.93 A
Fe-59 pCi/L 81.1 86.5 0.94 A
1-1 31 pCi/L 809 90.8 0.89 A
Mn-54 pCi/L 173 183 0.95 A
Zn-65 pCi/L 165 176 0.93 A
E14091 Charcoal 1-1 31 pCi 90.1 90.3 1.00 A
E14092 AP Ce-141 pCi 68.1 67.5 1.01 A
Co-58 pCi 1.73 Not Measured Co-60 pCi 168 126 1.34 NI1I Cr-51 pCi 182 183 0.99 A
Cs-1 34 pCi 157 157 1.00 A
Cs-1 37 pCi 132 136.0 0.97 A
Fe-59 pCi 70.3 68.6 1.02 A
Mn-54 pCi 144 145 0.99 A
Zn-65 pCi 125 140 0.89 A
E1 4093 Soil Ce-1 41 pCi/g 0.106 0.071 1.48 NI1I Co-58 pCi/g
-0005 Not Measured Co-60 pCi/g 0.1 21 0.133 0.91 A
Cr-51 pCi/g 0.198 0.194 1.02 A
Cs-134 pCi/g 0.206 0.166 1.24 w
Cs-137 pCi/g 0.207 0.209 0.99 A
Fe-59 pCi/g 0.063 0.073 0.87 A
Mn-54 pCi/g 0.140 0.153 0.91 A
Zn-65 pCi/g 0.149 0.148 1 01 A
E14094 AP Sr-89 pCi 83.9 90.6 0.93 A
Sr-90 pCi 11.7 13.8 0.85 A
September 2024 E14095 Milk Sr-89 pCi/L 88.0 92.3 0.95 A
Sr-90 pCi/L 12.4 15.2 0.82 A
E1 4096 Milk Ce-141 pCi/L 124 124 1.00 A
Co-58 pCi/L 154 150 1.03 A
Co-60 pCi/L 232 236 0.98 A
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A.1 Analytics Environmental Radioactivity Cross Check Program Teledyne Brown Engineering Environmental Services Identification TBE Kno'Ml Ratio of TBE to Month/Year Number Matrix Nuclide Units Reported Value 1' 1 Analytics Result Evaluation lbl Value Cr-51 pCi/L 284 274 1.04 A
Cs-1 34 pCi/L 180.0 187 0.96 A
Cs-137 pCi/L 126 127 0.99 A
Fe-59 pCi/L 127.0 113 1.12 A
1-1 31 pCi/L 85.3 89.0 0.96 A
Mn-54 pCi/L 162 162 1.00 A
Zn-65 pCi/L 294 275 1.07 A
E1 4097 Charcoal 1-1 31 pCi 98.8 92.6 1.07 A
E1 4098 AP Ce-1 41 pCi 82.0 76.7 1.07 A
Co-58 pCi 91.0 92.6 0.98 A
Co-60 pCi 180 146 1.23 w
Cr-51 pCi 208 170 1.22 w
Cs-134 pCi 116 116 1.00 A
Cs-1 37 pCi 83.1 78.9 1.05 A
Fe-59 pCi 75.6 70.2 1.08 A
Mn-54 pCi 101 100 1.01 A
Zn-65 pCi 167 170 0.98 A
E14099 Soil Ce-141 pCi/g 0.224 0.222 1.01 A
Co-58 pCi/g 0.249 0.268 0.93 A
Co-60 pCi/g 0420 0423 0.99 A
Cr-51 pCi/g 0.492 0492 1.00 A
Cs-1 34 pCi/g 0278 0.336 0.83 A
Cs-137 pCi/g 0.276 0.295 0.94 A
Fe-59 pCi/g 0.233 0.204 1.14 A
Mn-54 pCi/g 0.279 0.290 0.96 A
Zn-65 pCi/g 0.538 0494 1.09 A
E14100 AP Sr-89 pCi 79.8 82.7 0.96 A
Sr-90 pCi 12.0 13.6 0.88 A
E14197 Liquid Gr-A (Am241) pCi/L 47.6 50.1 0.95 A
Gr-8 (Cs137) pCi/L 248 270 0.92 A
(a) The Analytics known value is equal to 100% of the parameter present in the standard as determined by gravimetric and/or volumetric measurements made during standard preparation (b) Analytics evaluation based on TBE internal QC limits:
A = Acceptable - reported result falls within ratio limits of 0.80-1.20 W = Acceptable with warning - reported result falls within 0.70-0.80 or 1.20-1.30 N = Not Acceptable - reported result falls outside the ratio limits of< 0. 70 and > 1.30 (Page 2 of 6)
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A.2 DOE's Mixed Analyte Performance Evaluation Program (MAPEP)
Teledyne Brown Engineering Environmental Services Identification TBE Known Acceptance Month/Year Number Matrix Nuclide Units Reported Value (aJ Range Evaluation lbJ Value February 2024 24-MaS5O Soil Fe-55 Bq/kg 297 650 455 - 845 Nl'I Ni-63 Bq/kg 1070 1530 1071 -1 989 NI*I Tc-99 Bq/kg 325 336 235 - 437 A
Th-228 Bq/kg 34.6 48.8 34.2 -63.4 w
Th-23O Bq/kg 49.7 54.0 38.0-700 A
Th-232 Bq/kg 36.4 45.1 31.6 - 58.6 A
24-MaSU5O Urine Cs-134 Bq/L 1.12 1.36 0.95-1.77 A
Cs-137 Bq/L 2.00 2.23 1.56-2.90 A
Co-57 Bq/L 1 06 1.26 0.88 - 1.64 A
Co-6O Bq/L 2.26 2.38 1.67 - 3.09 A
K-4O Bq/L
-1.80 NR Mn-54 Bq/L 144 1.51 1.06 -1.96 A
U-234 Bq/L 0.00101 (1)
A U-238 Bq/L 0.00228 (1)
A Zn-65 Bq/L
-0.42 0.84 0.59-1.09 NEI5I 24-MaW5O Water Ni-63 Bq/L 0.338 0.80 (2)
A Tc-99 Bq/L 9.95 747 5.23 - 9.71 NIsI 24-RdV5O Vegetation Cs-1 34 Bq/sample 2.80 3.67 2.57 - 4.77 w
Cs-137 Bq/sample 2.21 2.57 1.80 - 3.34 A
Co-57 Bq/sample 2.23 2.53 1.77 - 3.29 A
Co-6O Bq/sample 242 2.96 2.07 - 3.85 A
Mn-54 Bq/sample 0.033 (1)
A Sr-9O Bq/sample 0.276 0.529 0.370 - 0.688 Nl7J Zn-65 Bq/sample 6.83 8.02 5.61 - 10.43 A
August 2024 24-MaS51 Soil Fe-55 Bq/kg (8) 780 546-1014 Nl9J Ni-63 Bq/kg 1140.00 1450.00 1015-1885 w
Tc-99 Bq/kg 155.00 171.00 120 - 222 A
Th-228 Bq/kg 38.00 43.30 30.3 - 56.3 A
Th-23O Bq/kg 46.10 44.00 30.8 - 57.2 A
Th-232 Bq/kg 38.90 42.60 29.8 - 55.4 A
24-MaW51 Water Ni-63 Bq/L 0.60 (1)
A Tc-99 Bq/L 11.90 11.20 7.8 - 14.6 A
24-RdV51 Vegetation Cs-134 Bq/sample 3.12 2.89 202 - 3.76 A
Cs-137 Bq/sample 2.18 1.91 1.34 - 2.48 A
Co-57 Bq/sample 0.00 (1)
A Co-6O Bq/sample 2.24 201 1.41 -2.61 A
Mn-54 Bq/sample 3.76 3.53 2.47 - 4.59 A
Sr-9O Bq/sample 0.95 2.39 1.67 - 3.1 1 NI10I Zn-65 Bq/sample 10.30 9.13 6.39 - 11.87 A
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(a) The MAPEP known value is equal to 100% of the parameter present in the standard as determined by gravimetric and/or volumetric measuremenl made during standard preparation (b) DOEIMAPEP evaluation:
A = Acceptable - reported result falls within ratio limits of 0.80-1.20 W = Acceptable with warning - reported result falls within 0. 70-0.80 or 1.20-1.30 N = Not Acceptable - reported result falls outside the ratio limits of < 0. 70 and > 1.30 (1) False positive test (2) Sensitivity evaluation (3) See CAR 23-31 (4) See NCR 24-08 (5) Not Evaluated, re-reported as Faist Pas by MAPEP (6) See NCR 24-10 (7) See NCR 24-11 (Page 4 of 6)
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A.3 ERA Environmental Radioactivity Cross Check Program Teledyne Brown Engineering Environmental Services Identification TBE Reported Known Acceptance Evaluation lbl Month/Year Number Matrix Nuclide Units Value Value I' I Limits March 2024 MRAD-40 Water Am-241 pCi/L 101 139 95.4-178 A
Fe-55 pCi/L 2185 2480 1460- 3610 A
Pu-238 pCi/L 62.0 70.4 42.3 - 91.2 A
Pu-239 pCi/L 61.2 76.5 47.3 - 94.3 A
Soil Am-241 pCi/kg NR 1880 1020 - 2660 Pu-238 pCi/kg 667 512 255 - 778 A
Pu-239 pCi/kg 562 545 297 - 784 A
Sr-90 pCi/kg 4050 3630 1130 - 5650 A
U-234 pCi/kg 3040 4360 2040 - 5710 A
U-238 pCi/kg 3270 4320 2370 - 5800 A
AP Am-241 pCi/filter 38.8 55.0 39.3 - 73.3 NI1I Fe-55 pCi/filter 387 386 141 -61 6 A
Pu-238 pCi/filter 45.9 41.1 31 0 - 50.5 A
Pu-239 pCi/filter 54.9 56.1 41.9 - 67.7 A
U-234 pCi/filter 11.1 11.6 8.60 - 13.6 A
U-238 pCi/filter 12.8 11.5 8.68 - 13.7 A
GR-A pCi/filter 11 6 95.9 50.1 - 158 A
GR-B pCi/filter 42.1 22.2 13.5 - 33.5 Nl'I April 2024 RAD-137 Water Ba-1 33 pCi/L 62.8 65.9 50.1-81.7 A
Cs-134 pCi/L 51.0 57.8 42.8 - 72.8 A
Cs-1 37 pCi/L 153 186 149 - 223 A
Co-60 pCi/L 92.1 98.8 79.7 - 118 A
Zn-65 pCi/L 208 240 188 - 292 A
GR-A pCi/L 35.2 52.6 39.6 - 65.6 Nl'I GR-B pCi/L 49 46.5 33.9 - 59.1 A
U-Nat pCi/L 56.0 59.3 52.8-65.8 A
H-3 pCi/L 19,000 21,300 18,200 - 24,400 A
Sr-89 pCi/L 48.9 52.2 37.8-66.6 A
Sr-90 pCi/L 32.6 37.6 32.0- 43.2 A
1-131 pCi/L 21.8 25.1 21.7 - 28.5 A
September 2024 MRAD-41 Water Am-241 pCi/L 108.0 117.0 80.3-150 A
Fe-55 pCi/L 615 1230 723-1790 NI*I Pu-238 pCi/L 99 103 61.9-133 A
Pu-239 pCi/L 123 133 82.3-164 A
Soil Am-241 pCi/kg 1320 1110 599-1570 A
Pu-238 pCi/kg 1380 1860 928-2830 A
Pu-239 pCi/kg 796 1030 561 -1480 A
Sr-90 pCi/kg 3240 4730 1470-7370 A
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U-234 pCi/kg 2540 2860 1340-3750 U-238 pCi/kg 2390 2840 1560-3810 AP Am-241 pCi/filter 27.0 29.1 20.8-38.8 Fe-55 pCi/filter 644 800 292-1280 Pu-238 pCi/filter 22.3 21.5 16.2-26.4 Pu-239 pCi/filter 30.6 32.4 24.2-39.1 U-234 pCi/filter 14.0 31.1 23.1-36.4 U-238 pCi/filter 14.2 30.9 23.3-36.9 GR-A pCi/filter 80.0 72.4 37.8-119 GR-B pCi/filter 57.5 47.9 29.0-72.4 October 2024 RAD-139 Water Ba-133 pCi/L 30.3 27.4 15.5-39.3 Cs-134 pCi/L 73.3 80.2 63.0-97.4 Cs-137 pCi/L 46.6 46.3 23.3-69.3 Co-60 pCi/L 44.2 45.3 31.6-59.0 Zn-65 pCi/L 104 114.0 75.0-153 GR-A pCi/L 47.6 51.7 38.9-64.5 GR-B pCi/L 44.2 48.1 35.2-61.0 U-Nat pCi/L 28.3 26.90 23.6-30.2 H-3 pCi/L 4,690 5,320 3870-6770 Sr-89 pCi/L 57.5 44.2 30.6-57.8 Sr-90 pCi/L 37.3 35.6 30.2-41.0 1-131 pCi/L 28.3 26.3 22.7-29.9 (a) The ERA known value is equal to 100% of the parameter present in the standard as determined by gravimetric and/or volumetric measurements made during standard preparation.
(b) ERA evaluation:
A = Acceptable - Reported value falls within the Acceptance Limits N = Not Acceptable - Reported value falls outside of the Acceptance Limits (1) See NCR 24-02 (2) See NCR 24-03 (3) See NCR 24-05 (4) See NCR 24-15 A
A A
A A
A N(SJ NISI A
A A
A A
A A
A A
A A
A A
A (Page 6 of 6)
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APPENDIX C ERRATUM
Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut, Inc.
Annual Radiological Environmental Millstone Power Station Operating Report 2024 C2 Erratum-Correction to Previously Published Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report In the 2024 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report there were no correction identified to previously published Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Reports.