ML12305A251
| ML12305A251 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Issue date: | 08/31/1971 |
| From: | Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research |
| To: | |
| References | |
| Safety Guide 9 RG 1.9 | |
| Download: ML12305A251 (3) | |
Text
8/10/71 SAFETY GUIDE 9 SELECTION OF DIESEL GENERATOR SET CAPACITY FOR STANDBY POWER SUPPLIES A. Introduction General Design Criterion 17 requires that the onsite (standby) power supply for a nuclear power plant be of sufficient capacity and capa-bility to assure that (1) specified acceptable fuel design limits and design conditions of the reactor coolant pressure boundary are not ex-ceeded as a result of anticipated operational occurrences and (2) the core is cooled and con-tainment integrity and other vital functions are maintained in the event of postulated acci-dents. Diesel generator sets have been widely used as the power source for the standby power supplies. This safety guide describes an accept-able basis for the selection of diesel generator sets of sufficient capacity and margin to imple-ment General Design Criterion 17.
B. Discussion A diesel generator set selected for use as a standby power supply should have the capabil-ity to (1) start and accelerate a number of large motor loads in rapid succession, and be able to sustain the loss of any such load, and (2) supply continuously the sum of the loads needed to be powered at any one time. This guide provides an acceptable way of assuring these objectives are met. The considerations involved in the need for the diesel generator to start and achieve rated conditions in a short period of time are evaluated on an individual case basis.
A knowledge of the characteristics of each load is essential in establishing the bases for the selection of a diesel generator set that is able to accelerate large loads in rapid succes-sion. The majority of the emergency loads are large induction motors. This type of motor draws, at full voltage, a starting current five to ten times its rated load current. The sudden, large increases in current drawn from the die-sel generator resulting from the startup of induction motors can result in substantial volt-age reductions. The lower voltage could pre-vent a motor from starting or cause a running motor to coast down. Other loads also might be lost if their contactors drop out. Recovery from the transient caused by starting large motors or from the loss of a large load could cause diesel engine overspeed which, if exces-sive, might result in a trip of the machine.
These same consequences also can result from the cumulative effect of a sequence of more moderate transients if the system is not per-mitted to recover sufficiently between succes-sive steps in a loading sequence.
Generally it has been industry practice to specify a maximum voltage reduction of 15 percent when starting large motors from large capacity power systems and a 25 to 30 percent voltage reduction when starting these motors from limited capacity power sources such as diesel generator sets. Large induction motors supplied with nominal voltage can achieve rated.speed in less than 5 seconds when pow-ered from adequately sized diesel generator sets which are capable of restoring the voltage to 90 percent of nominal in about 1 second.
Protection of the diesel generator set from excessive overspeed, which can result from a loss of load, is afforded by the provision of a diesel generator set trip, usually set at 115 per-cent of nominal speed.
A problem arises in assessing whether the goal of continuously supplying the sum of the needed loads is achieved with sufficient capacity and margin, because of the various interpreta-tions of load ratings quoted by diesel generator suppliers. The load ratings represent the loads at which the set can operate continuously with a high availability, if various specified mainte-9.1
nance programs are followed.
The nominal rating, used as a datum for the overload rat-ings, has been termed variously the "continu-ous," "guaranteed," or "long term" rating. The definition used throughout this guide for "con-tinuous rating" is "that load for which the sup-plier guarantees continuous operation at a high availability (expected to be about 95%) with an annual maintenance interval". The over-load ratings are similarly defined except that the specified maintenance intervals are shorter.
For example, the following are the load ratings of a typical diesel generator set:
mating the loads conservatively and by select-ing the continuous rating of the diesel genera-tor set so that it exceeds the sum of the loadsI needed at any one time. A more accurate esti-mate of safety loads is possible during the operating license stage of review due to the completion of the detailed designs and the availability of preoperational test data. This permits the consideration of a somewhat less conservative approach, such as operation with safety loads within the 2000 hour0.0231 days <br />0.556 hours <br />0.00331 weeks <br />7.61e-4 months <br /> overload rating of the diesel generator set. A conserva-tive estimate of safety loads based on design or measurements taken during preoperational testing of engineered safety features does not, however, represent with certainty the actual loads experienced under accident conditions.
Therefore, an adequate margin is still essential.
Ratings Continuous 2500 kW Overload 2850 kW 2950 kW 3050 kW Maintenance Interval Annual (8760 hr) 2000 hr 7 day 30 min If the power output is increased into the over-load ratings, wearout is accelerated and the maintenance interval needed to assure high reliability is reduced. This discussion assumes that the diesel generator set is utilized solely as a standby power supply and that it does not serve a secondary function such as power gen-eration for peak demand periods of a transmis-sion network. The secondary functions, since they would affect wearout and availability of the diesel generator set, will be evaluated on an individual case basis. If found acceptable, the total amount of operation between mainte-nance intervals will be limited by the technical specifications. This guide covers diesel gen-erator sets used solely as a standby power sup-ply which is the design most widely adopted.
The tabulation illustrates the sensitivity of the deterioration rate to increases in load above the continuous rating. For example, if the design basis loading were that corresponding to the 2000-hour rating, an error of only 8 per-cent in estimating the loads could result in operation at the 30-minute rating. Although operation at the 30-minute rating would not be expected to stall the engine, such operation could lead to the danger of early failure.
The uncertainties inherent in estimates of safety loads at the construction permit stage of design are of such magnitude that it is pru-dent to provide a substantial margin in the selection of the diesel generator set load capa-bility. This margin can be provided by esti-C. Regulatory Position
- 1. At a time when the characteristics of loads are not accurately known, such as during the construction permit stage of design, each diesel generator set on a standby (onsite) power supply should be selected to have a continuous load rating equal to or greater than the sum of the conservatively estimated loads needed to be powered at any one time. In the absence of fully substan-tiated performance characteristics for mechanical equipment such as pumps, the electric motor drive ratings should be calculated using conservative esti-mates of these characteristics.
(For example, pump run-out conditions and motor efficiencies of 90% or less.)
- 2. At the operating license stage of re-view, the predicted loads should not exceed the smaller of the 2000-hour rating, or 90 percent of the 30-minute rating of the set.
- 3. During preoperational testing, the pre-dicted loads should be verified by tests.
- 4. Each diesel generator set should be ca-pable of starting and accelerating to rated speed, in the required sequence, all the needed engineered safety fea-ture and emergency shutdown loads. At no time during the loading sequence should the frequency and voltage de-9.2
crease to less than 95 percent of nomi-nal and 75 percent of nominal, respec-tively. During recovery from transients caused by step load increases or result-ing from the disconnection of the larg-est single load, the speed of the diesel generator set should not exceed 75 per-cent of the difference between nominal speed and the overspeed trip set point or 115 percent of nominal, whichever is lower. Voltage should be restored to within 10 percent of nominal and fre-quency should be restored to within 2 percent of nominal in less than 40 per-cent of each load sequence time inter-val.
- 5. The suitability of each diesel generator set of the standby power supply should be confirmed by prototype qualification test data and preoperational tests.
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